信息不对称下数量折扣和返回措施对三层供应链的协调

文章研究了信息不对称下三层供应链的协调订购问题,即随机需求下供应商、制造商、零售商追求利润最大化问题。首先建立供应商、制造商、零售商三者互不合作分散决策的利润模型及三者在供应链下集中决策模型和采用数量折扣与返回措施完全合作下集中决策的利润模型,并给出三种情况下零售商的最优订购量的一般通式,得出采用数量折扣和返回措施契约措施时供应链的利润最大;其次得出制造商和零售商批发价格和利润与各自的目标利润率有关的;最后通过需求服从均匀分布和正态分布的实例验证了供应商-制造商-零售商在采用数量折扣和返回措施三者完全合作时供应链上的利润最大。     

制造商广告介入对零售商自有品牌的影响研究

目的/意义零售商自有品牌的引入能增强自身竞争实力,改变渠道竞争格局。本文旨在探讨零售商引入自有品牌前后,制造商引入广告对渠道成员产生的影响。方法/过程基于消费者特征和产品品牌差异性构建渠道需求函数和Stackelberg博弈模型。结果/结论分析结果表明:1)零售商引入自有品牌在提高自身利润水平的同时,会损害制造商的利润。2)在零售商引入自有品牌的情况下,制造商的广告投入对零售商自有品牌产品的质量有一定的抑制作用。3)当零售商自有品牌产品的质量限于一定范围时,制造商引入广告能够使得双方共赢。     

The impact of electronic technology upon the marketing channel

Teleshopping and other forms of electronic retailing promise to have tremendous impact upon the field of retailing. With respect to the impact of this emerging technology upon the channel structure it would seem that the channel members are “retreating” relative to the channel positions. That is, consumers have retreated to the retailer level where they have assumed many of the retailer functions; retailers have moved back to the wholesaler or supplier level; distributors have assumed some of the manufacturer initiative with respect to produc specification and design; and manufactures have retreated to the subcontractor or component supplier level.     

零售寡头横向竞争对渠道纵向关系的影响

本文在一个拓展的豪特林模型基础上，结合家电行业案例，研究了零售寡头之间的横向竞争如何影响渠道纵向关系。结论表明：在由寡头零售商与垄断竞争供货商形成的渠道结构中，零售商纵向压价的动机可以在竞争对手的销售相对较小、且供货商不愿放弃销售机会的情况下变为现实；零售商都将不断扩张网点来抑制对手的低价购入与压价行为，并争夺供货商货源；随着零售商销售能力的提升，其对于供货商的谈判能力将不断增强，进而压低上游供货商的价格，影响渠道纵向关系。     

微观视角下的零供冲突及其解决对策探讨

解决零供冲突对理顺零售商与供应商的关系、完善供应链管理、维护零供双方以及消费者的利益有着重要的现实意义。零供冲突具体表现为低、中、高三个层次,高层次营销领域内的冲突才是零供冲突最终的表现形式和真正的发展趋势。零供冲突产生的原因主要包括零售商牢牢掌控零售终端,供应商在销售渠道建设方面力不从心、产品缺乏差异性、长期“寄人篱下”并利用零售商卖场“做广告”以及品类管理与品牌管理所产生的冲突等方面。供应商应加强产品创新、以品牌力量为导向强化市场推广、组成联盟对抗零售商、自建销售渠道摆脱对零售商的依赖以及与零售商共同商定合理的供应链利益分配比例,有效化解零供冲突。     

绿色差异化产品的定价与绿色度决策研究

考虑消费者环境意识和绿色生产成本等因素的影响,在完全覆盖的双寡头垄断市场背景下,基于博弈分析方法研究绿色差异化产品的定价与绿色度决策。分析厂商的行动顺序、消费者环境意识和绿色生产成本的变化对产品绿色度、价格、市场份额与利润的影响。研究表明,从低绿色度厂商的角度看,自身先动情形最有利;从高绿色度厂商的角度看,同时行动情形最有利;从政府和消费者的角度看,低绿色度厂商先行情形下产品整体绿色度最高、价格绿色度比较低,此情形对政府和消费者均最有利。随着消费者环境意识的增强、绿色生产成本的降低,两家厂商选择的产品绿色度及其差异、两种产品价格、两家厂商利润均增加。     

Relationship marketing and distribution channels

The interest of practitioners and academics in channel relationship management has shifted from corporate channel structures and relationships in conventional channels governed by use of power to relationships between independent firms involving contractual and normative control mechanisms. In this article, we identify several factors leading to this change of interest, propose a scheme for classifying channel relationship research based on control mechanisms, and suggest areas for future research involving the use of contractual and normative control mechanisms in conventional channel relationships. He is the former editor of theJournal of Marketing Research, an academic trustee of the Marketing Science Institute, and a member of the Direct Selling Education Foundation Board of Directors. His research on channel and sales management issues and personal selling effectiveness has been published in theJournal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Consumer Research, Marketing Science, andAdministrative Science Quarterly. He is the co-author of three textbooks,Retailing Management, Essentials of Retailing, andPersonal Selling: Building Partnerships. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Florida. Her research interests are in the area of channel relationship management, particularly decision-making processes, coordination, and relationship dynamics.     

Managing trade promotions in the context of market power

The use of trade promotions as a channel-programming tool has increased substantially in the past decade. In focusing on the tactical implications of trade promotions, some firms appear to have underestimated the tendency of poorly planned trade promotions to interfere with the implementation of a marketing strategy. In this article, the authors examine the complex issue of trade promotion use from both long-term and short-term perspectives. Different trade promotions can produce dissimilar types of channel cooperation, consumer responses, and postpromotion channel member behavior, resulting in differences in distribution-programming preferences between suppliers and retailers. The authors argue that the adjudication of these different preference structures is addressed through the market power of the channel participants. Based on an assessment of these channel relationships, an approach for suggested courses of action is forwarded. Jack J. Kasulis is an associate professor of marketing at the University of Oklahoma. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and has research interests in marketing channels, retailing, and consumer behavior. His articles have appeared in such journals as theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Advertising Research, and various other journals and proceedings. Fred W. Morgan is the Ashland Professor of Marketing at the University of Kentucky. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from Michigan State University in East Lansing and has research interests in legal issues in marketing, sales management, and marketing channels. His articles have appeared in such journals as theJournal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing and Public Policy, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Channels, and various other journals and proceedings. David E. Griffith is an associate professor and the Harvey Jones Chair of Marketing at Ouachita Baptist University. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Texas in Austin and has research interests in marketing channels, marketing strategy, and ethics. His research has appeared inMarketing Letters, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing Channels, and various other journals and proceedings. James M. Kenderdine is an associate professor and director of the Distribution Research Program at the University of Oklahoma. He obtained his D.B.A. from Indiana University in Bloomington. His research interests are in wholesaling, retailing, and marketing channels. His publications have includedThe Changing Economics of Wholesaling: A North American Chart Book, Wholesaling in Transition: An Executive Chart Book, and articles in various journals and proceedings.     

短生命周期产品供应链的生产能力扩张决策研究

短生命周期产品以高度的需求不确定性为主要特征。正因为如此,其生产能力的决策显得相当重要。利用系统动力学对由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的短生命周期产品的二级供应链进行分析,结果表明:制造商不同的能力扩张决策对供应链总利润、总需求以及牛鞭效应具有直接影响。     

我国产业区域转移中转出地与承接地合作实践模式分析——基于广东省产业转移园共建模式的分析

当前鲜有文献从转出地与承接地合作的角度探讨产业区域转移模式。文章认为,转出地与承接地共建产业转移园成为两地合作的典型模式。这种模式具有多级政府主导、利益共享、地区针对性强以及具有专门的协调组织等特点。广东产业转移园共建模式的实践证明,这种模式有助于实现双方的共赢和效率改进。     

Explaining the variation in short-term sales response to retail price promotions

This study focuses on the short-term sales response to price promotions in retail grocery stores and attempts to explain its variation using frequency of price promotions and the consecutive scheduling of price promotions. Retail managers’ expectations and tenets from behavioral theories provide the basis for the hypotheses that the frequency of price promotions and consecutive scheduling of price promotions affect short-term response to price promotions. The hypotheses are tested on three frequently purchased product categories, using store-level data from retail chains in three major markets. The analysis is validated with additional data on the same product categories and markets. A variety of managerial implications are drawn from the results and suggestions for future research are offered. He has been recognized with numerous teaching and research excellence awards. Dr. Kumar has published numerous articles in many scholarly journals in marketing and forecasting. He has coauthored a text titledMarketing Research and is currently working on two other textbooks. He is on the editorial review board of many journals. Dr. Kumar has lectured on marketing-related topics in various universities worldwide. His research interests include developing forecasting models, international marketing strategy and international marketing research issues, models for sales promotions, and new methodologies for product positioning and market segmentation. Dr. Kumar received his doctoral degree from the University of Texas at Austin. He has published articles about retailing and marketing strategy in scholarly journals such as theJournal of Retailing, International Journal of Research in Marketing, andJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interest focuses on models for sales promotions and marketing strategy. Dr. Pereira received his doctoral degree from the University of Houston.     

Rx small retailer survival: Community demand analysis

The sole proprietorship form of retailing organization comprises 60% of all retailers. Their average annual sales amounts to $31,600 while their average annual profit (including provision for salary) is $2,700. This group constitutes the poverty segment of the business community. Most in government and business consider the plight of the small retailer to be unsolvable. This article suggests a plan which could represent a major advance to improve the small retailers economic position. Means are presently available to determine community requirements for goods and services. The author contends that community demand analysis is a major key to the problem. The article outlines what is needed and how the plan could be implemented.     

4S店渠道车险业务合作关键影响因素分析

4S店渠道代理车险保费收入约占财险业保费收入的四分之一,是财险保险公司最为重要的中介销售渠道之一。本文首先综述了保险中介及4S店销售渠道的相关研究成果;其次从车险承保和理赔两方面总结了影响保险公司与4S店合作的十个因素,通过问卷调研和数据分析的方法,确定出五个最为重要的关键影响因素,依据重要性从高到低依次为:理赔手续和流程的繁简程度、保险公司的定损价格和时效、保险公司事故车送修业务量、保险公司理赔政策的稳定性、赔款的结算周期;再次分析了4S店管理者与普通职员对于合作关键影响因素认识的一致性和差异性;最后给出了关键影响因素研究结果对保险公司经营4S店渠道车险业务的结论和启示。     

商品销售结算中的税收问题探析

本文通过一个案例分析了销售折扣、销售折让、支付返利与税法规定之间的关系，提出了正确使用销售折扣、销售折让、支付返利以合理避税的观点，探讨了将商业折扣、支付返利转为销售折让以合理避税的思路。     

二线城市本土零售业竞争的新思路

我国全面开放零售市场后,二线城市本土零售企业面对激烈的市场竞争态势,市场消费呈现出多层次多样化等特点,本土零售业既有优势也有劣势。二线城市的本土零售企业今后应主要采取“错位经营”的策略,突出自有特色,在二线城市的中心地带与外来零售企业开展营销竞争,同时还应实行多种延伸策略,避开竞争。     

浅析保本点在经营现金流量分析中的应用

企业在进行项目经济评估即长期经营决策时大多基于现金流量模式,如净现值(NPV)模型;在进行短期经营决策时往往仅使用基于权责发生制的盈临界点分析即会计保本点分析,从而使得企业长期决策和短期决策相脱节。本文通过销售量和经营现金流量的关系分析,明确当项目的销售量达到会计保本点时,投资项目NPV小于零,其不仅不能为投资者创造价值而且侵蚀企业价值。而使得投资项目的NPV等于零的财务保本点给企业的经营过程中树立了一个持续的销售量标杆,若企业的销售量可以持续地达到或超过财务保本点,项目可以为企业创造价值,因此财务保本点对企业的价值创造具有更重要的意义。     

The effect on sales of changes in a “push” marketing strategy in a marketing channel context

Marketing managers must determine what level of salient marketing mix variables should be provided within a marketing channel. This paper describes a number of previously used methods and presents a different approach which determines a customer's sales response to different levels of promotion and distribution activities using a variant conjoint analysis approach. The results of this sales dollar estimation procedure are compared with those derived from conventional conjoint analysis using rank order preference data. Differences in the two analyses are examined which could lead to different strategic decisions.     

A longitudinal analysis of supplier involvement in buyers’ new product development: working relations,inter-dependence,co-innovation,and performance outcomes

Drawing on social exchange theory, this study develops a longitudinal theoretical framework of supplier participation in buyers’ new product development (NPD) activities. The study focuses on the longitudinal temporal dynamics of supplier involvement in buyers’ new product development and postulates that working relations and inter-dependence impact suppliers’ attitudes toward co-innovation and suppliers’ co-innovation behaviors. Applying this framework to a 10-year longitudinal dataset from the North American automotive industry, the drivers of the escalation of supplier involvement in buyers’ NPD over time and the effect of this involvement on innovation performance, buyer sales performance, and supplier sales performance are identified. The results indicate that buyer–supplier communication, suppliers’ anticipated long-term returns, suppliers’ trust of a buyer, and supplier–buyer inter-dependence all play a significant role in changing supplier attitudes toward co-innovation and supplier involvement in a buyer’s NPD. Further, the study also shows that supplier involvement in buyer new product development is mutually beneficial for both the buyer and the supplier as it increases performance of both parties. Performance returns are actually greater for suppliers than for buyers. As such, this study contributes to both relationship management and new product development literature streams, as well as providing practical direction to manufacturers as to how they can increase suppliers’ involvement in their NPD to benefit both parties.     

政府补贴下考虑企业环保努力的闭环供应链决策分析

在消费者具有环保意识的背景下，分析有无政府补贴时制造商环保努力对各节点企业价格、需求、利润等决策的影响，并进一步探讨补贴在各类最优策略中的作用。研究表明：环保努力能提高两类产品销售价格、扩大新产品需求，但对再制造品需求无影响；存在最优环保努力水平，使无政府补贴下制造商及系统整体利润最大；一定范围内补贴能遏制环保努力导致的再制造品销售价格上升，但对新产品价格无影响，且对零售商来说高补贴未必能带来高收益；消费者环保意识和制造商环保努力可以通过政府补贴影响产品需求和企业收益。     

买壳上市绩效评价--新太科技收购远洋渔业的案例分析

文章在详细分析新太科技收购远洋渔业案例的基础上，初步探讨了买壳上市这种并购方式的绩效评价方法。研究发现，共同价值是双方实现各自并购战略目标的基础，企业并购收益需要经过一段时期才能实现。买壳方在实现间接上市的过程中，如果忽略成本控制，则会在一定程度上牺牲企业的长期发展能力。要实现整体经营业绩的提高，必须提高主营业务水平，改善资本结构。