高速铁路固定设备建设运营维护一体化模式研究

当前中国高速铁路普遍采用的建设运营模式割裂项目的建设与运营两阶段,引发诸多问题.借鉴国外经验,探讨高速铁路建设运营维护一体化模式,即由高速铁路建设单位在铁路建设过程中沉淀下来一批高度职业化的人员及技术力量,继承式地接受客专公司的固定设备委托管理,从而实现从组织机构到设计、施工、运营、维护等方面标准的一脉相承,真正无缝对接,可以降低运营维护成本,提高企业化经营效率,促进我国高速铁路行业健康发展.     

境外高速铁路建设与运营组织模式

对境外高速铁路建设与运营组织模式进行了归纳和介绍 ,并根据各国或地区高速铁路建设、维护和产权经营组合形式的不同 ,进行进一步细分 ,简要分析了各国或地区选择高速铁路建设与运营组织模式的背景     

高速铁路建设促进长三角区域产业转移和结构调整研究

随着高速铁路的发展建设,根据点轴理论,沪宁、沪杭高速铁路的开通运营和即将开通运营的宁杭、杭甬高速铁路为长江三角洲区域的产业转移规定了方向和路径,区域一体化发展促进了产业分工与协作,以及产业结构调整优化,打破了城市之间人才和资源流动障碍,并在高速铁路沿线形成产业带,通过轴带的功能,对整个区域经济发挥拉动作用.     

成渝高速铁路沿线区域经济发展影响实证研究

高速铁路的建设运营对沿线区域经济发展产生了广泛且深入的影响。基于成渝城市群的视角,综合运用面板回归预测模型、DID双重差分模型和加权平均旅行时间等方法,从实证角度分析了成渝高速铁路建设和运营对沿线区域经济发展的影响。实证分析结果表明:成渝高速铁路的建设对于不同沿线区域带来的经济影响存在差异,从整体上看,对沿线区域经济的第二产业产值和城镇化率影响显著,体现出高速铁路经济的扩散效应;成渝高速铁路的运营大幅提高了沿线所有区域的可达性水平,改善了大部分欠发达区域的经济空间结构,使沿线区域经济呈现均衡式发展态势。     

银西高速铁路建设项目的经济影响评价研究

理论和实践表明,大型交通基础设施投资项目会对区域经济社会发展产生巨大的影响,尤其是对原本交通欠发达的地区。以正在建设的银西高速铁路项目为研究对象,从高速铁路建设中和运营后的角度提出高速铁路项目建设对经济社会影响的评价框架,并从投资效应、交通条件的改善和劳动力市场繁荣3个方面构建相应的评价指标体系,采用"有无对比法"和典型分析法分析"有、无银西高速铁路项目"对经济影响的情况。研究结果表明,银西高速铁路项目无论在建设过程中还是正式运营后,都会对西北地区经济社会发展带来巨大的影响。     

浅谈高速铁路设计与施工过程中的环境保护

随着京津城际、武广、郑西等客运专线的投入运营,我国高速铁路建设实现了跨越式发展,跨入了世界先进行列.同时,人们对高速铁路设计、施工及运营过程中的环保问题也越来越重视.建设一流的高速铁路不仅要有一流的工程质量、一流的运行速度和良好的舒适度,同时也要求实现铁路建设与自然环境的高度和谐与统一.     

高速铁路安全文化理论体系研究

高速铁路安全文化建设是实现高速铁路系统安全的必由之路。为了进一步明确安全文化在高速铁路运营安全保障中的作用,厘清高速铁路安全文化建设的思路与途径,在深入剖析安全文化建设的必要性的基础上,研究安全文化建设的发展阶段,明确每个阶段的划分依据与特点,探讨高速铁路安全文化体系与技术体系、管理体系的关系,对高速铁路安全文化建设要点进行探究,并从高速铁路安全文化基础理论、高速铁路安全文化专业理论、高速铁路安全文化应用理论3个层面对高速铁路安全文化理论体系进行分析,为高速铁路安全文化建设和水平测度提供理论基础。     

高速铁路安全性影响因素分析及对策

随着我国高速铁路大规模的建成与投入运营,对高速铁路的运行安全提出更高的要求。在阐述高速铁路运营安全现状的基础上,对高速铁路安全影响因素进行分析,提出人为因素、设备因素、环境因素是导致高速铁路事故的直接原因。针对我国高速铁路建设阶段和高速铁路日常运营生产阶段可能存在的管理不到位、应急处置不当和救援不力等问题,从人员、设备、环境3个方面提出加强高速铁路安全管理的建议,为提升我国高速铁路安全管理水平提供参考。     

篇二世界高速铁路发展趋势

自1964年日本建成世界上第一条高速铁路东京至大阪高速铁路,40多年来,高速铁路从无到有,迅速发展.据不完全统计,截至2005年12月,全世界运营中的高速铁路营业里程总长达6 393 km,这些线路分布在10个国家和地区.21世纪的铁路运输业将会出现轮轨系高速铁路的全面发展,全球性高速铁路网建设的时期已经到来.     

高速铁路民众满意度测评方法研究

为了掌握民众对高速铁路服务质量的感受,更好地提供高速铁路运输服务,根据高速铁路目前的服务内容和运营特点,利用结构方程模型,提出高速铁路民众满意度测评方法,针对7条高速铁路线路进行满意度问卷调查,采用偏最小二乘法进行结果计算,并对结果进行实证分析,总结期望、形象、旅客感知、社会感知、满意度、忠诚度之间的关系,得出民众对高速铁路在服务、票价、建设等方面的看法和高速铁路运营服务的优势和短板,为高速铁路的建设和客运服务的改进提供参考。     

The impacts of high-speed rail extensions on accessibility and spatial equity changes in South Korea from 2004 to 2018

The construction of South Korean High-Speed Rail (HSR) or Korea Train eXpress (KTX) has been evolving in phases since its first operation in 2004. This development raises concerns whether the benefits from the extended HSR network would again be limited to the initial HSR corridors and will deepen the inequalities in accessibility with the rising issue of uneven regional development of the country. This paper measures the accessibility of each stage of HSR network extension and evaluates its spatial distribution, variation, and changes using weighted averaged travel time and potential accessibility indicators. The results of this study find different accessibility impacts from each stage of HSR extension. Although travel-time reduction and increased attractions have been widened in more cities by each HSR extension, the spatial equity is degenerated by the extension in 2010/2011 as the improvement of accessibility has been concentrated in cities along the primary HSR corridor near the already-advantageous Seoul capital area. In contrast, the future HSR extension in 2018 will enhance equitable accessibility to the isolated regions such as the northeast and the southwest regions of the country. However, the relative degree of accessibility improvement will not be large enough for increasing the spatial equity of accessibility without more extended HSR networks between provinces.     

经济学视角的高速铁路盈利能力分析

高速铁路盈利性是其财务可持续性的直接反映,是其投融资模式的直接反映,是我国高速铁路和铁路产业发展形态的直接反映。高速铁路发展模式主要包括股权主导型发展模式、负债主导型发展模式、财政主导型发展模式三种类型。我国高速铁路公益性突出,采用的主要是负债主导型发展模式,在铁路价格受到严格管制,市场化水平有待提升的情况下,亟需构建多渠道长效补贴机制,以克服高速铁路可能产生的营运困难。美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区的经验教训也证明了构建长效补贴机制、进行铁路产业改革、保持铁路财务可持续性的必要性。     

日本高速铁路投融资模式研究

分析日本高速铁路的发展现状、投资规模、资金来源渠道、投融资管理机构,认为日本高速铁路的投融资政策要求政府在新干线建设中起主导作用,同时制定新干线建设的配套政策。     

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the impact of high-speed railway on urban economy: Empirical study of Chinese cities

The relationship between high-speed railway (HSR) construction and economic development has become a significant concern in recent decades. This study uses the spatiotemporal panel data of China's HSR construction and economic development from 2008 to 2018 as bases to discuss the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of the relationship between HSR and the urban economy. Firstly, this research measures the accessibility of different dimensions (i.e. location accessibility, potential accessibility and daily accessibility), and assesses the regional disparity of HSR accessibility and urban GDP using the Gini index. Secondly, the direct and indirect effects of HSR on economic development are analyzed from the global perspective by using the spatial Durbin model. Lastly, the geographically and temporally weighted regression model is applied to assess the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of the correlation between HSR and economic development from a local perspective. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The construction of HSR might reduce the regional disparity of daily accessibility, but expand the disparity of potential accessibility and location accessibility. (2) From a global perspective, HSR has a significant positive impact on urban economic development, but this impact was mainly produced by the spillover effect and not the direct effect. Specifically, the smaller the spatial–temporal distance between cities, the higher the level of regional integration and the better the economic development of cities. (3) The HSR impact on urban economic growth has a periodic feature. The stimulation of large-scale railway construction will expand the economic effect of HSR, although network improvement will gradually converge the corresponding impact. (4) From a local perspective, the HSR impact on economic development has significant spatial heterogeneity. Although HSR has a certain inhibitory effect on the economic development of Eastern China, it has a positive impact on the economic growth of the western region.     

高速铁路与转变经济发展方式

将经济发展理论与中国高速铁路发展实践紧密结合,论述高速铁路发展在推动中国经济结构调整、带动产业结构升级、促进生态文明建设与和谐社会建设方面的重要作用。认为高速铁路事业的蓬勃发展,是中国转变经济发展方式、建设社会主义和谐社会的重要推动力量。     

Accessibility impact of the present and future high-speed rail network: A case study of Jiangsu Province,China

The large-scale implementation of a high-speed rail (HSR) network is often considered to have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of accessibility. In China, the development of HSR network has progressed rapidly since the first line commenced operation in 2008. As an important component of this network, Jiangsu province proposed an ambitious HSR construction program which planned to cover over 95% of its counties by 2030. Reduced travel time for passengers is one of the most important effects of HSR, and therefore this study aims to analyze the accessibility impact of the evolving HSR network in Jiangsu province from 2010–2030. A layered cost distance method, based on a door-to-door approach, is proposed to evaluate the present and future accessibility at a more detailed geographical level. The results demonstrate that, with the gradual development of the HSR network, accessibility levels across the province will be improved by about 9.6%, and the distribution of the gains will be uneven since the most significant improvements will occur in the more peripheral areas. The inequality in regional accessibility will decrease by an average of 25.7%, which will produce a more homogeneous accessibility landscape. In addition, several policy measures are suggested in order to further enhance the competitiveness of the HSR network in the transport market at a regional level. This extended period of exploratory and detailed analysis is expected to facilitate proactive public policy decisions related to improving the transport network.     

Impacts on accessibility of China’s present and future HSR network

Although the construction of China’s high-speed rail (HSR) network only started in 2003, the network is already the largest in the world. This paper analyses the impact of the evolving HSR network on the accessibility by HSR and conventional ground transport of 333 prefecture-level cities and 4 municipalities. This paper employs three indicators of accessibility, and analyses three Scenarios. It shows that the HSR network will bring about substantial improvement in accessibility, and lead to national time–space convergence, but will also increase the inequality of nodal accessibility between eastern, central, and western regions, between cities with different sizes of population (excluding the case of the daily accessibility indicator) and between cities that differ in the shortest distance to HSR stations. The HSR network enlarges internal disparities in each of the regions and the five types of cities. The internal inequality of nodal accessibility in all three Scenarios generally increases from the eastern region via the central region to the western region, as well as from very large cities to small cities, varying inversely with the level of economic development and population size. Spatially, accessibility increases generally conform to the distance decay rule but with minor fluctuations. The 50 cities with the largest increases in accessibility are mostly located 50 km or less away from HSR stations and have populations of over 3 million, with the smaller ones located along HSR lines or around large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. As time progresses, the planned HSR network will result in more balanced development, but regional disparities in accessibility will still be greater than before the construction of the HSR.     

A multimodal approach to assessing accessibility of a high-speed railway station

In China, accessibility has been profoundly improved by the large-scale construction and operation of high-speed rail (HSR), with far-reaching implications for population flows and socioeconomic development. As a novel attempt to compare the shortest travel times, accessible regions, service populations, and population potential of one- to four-hour isochrones under four scenarios in Tanggu Railway Station (i.e., base scenario, hypothetical scenario 1, hypothetical scenario 2, and actual scenario), this paper analyses three factors' influences on and contributions to accessibility change: the advent of HSR, conventional railway route adjustment, and road network improvement. The results indicate that station accessibility significantly improved from 2007 to 2012. HSR has not only brought a time-space contraction effect to the region from the station to the north-western area but also strengthened interactions among different regions. Due to the reduction of some conventional railway routes, the shortest travel times from the station to the north-eastern areas have slightly increased. Although this factor has some negative effects, it has not affected the ascending trend of enhanced accessibility. Road network improvement is identified as a key factor with balanced impacts on all four-hour isochrones. The results of this study generate supportive information for the planning and construction of HSR stations and networks and provide references for comprehensive transport policymaking.     

Impacts of high speed rail on railroad network accessibility in China

High speed rail (HSR) is changing the overall travel accessibility of cities in China. There have been a number of studies of high speed rail in China. However, detailed spatiotemporal accessibility pattern of cities affected by the operation of high speed rail in China has not been reported. This study takes a timetable-based accessibility evaluation approach to analyze the changes in travel time, travel cost, and distance accessibility for each of the four main stages of HSR development in China: no HSR service in Stage 1 before August 2008, several HSR lines in Stage 2 between August 2008 and July 2011, reduced operating speed of HSR trains in Stage 3 between August 2011 and November 2012, and addition of new HSR lines and reduction of ticket fares in Stage 4 between December 2012 and January 2013. In addition to the “corridor effect” and the “center-diffusion” pattern, this paper investigates the impacts of HSR on changes in in-vehicle travel time and out-of-vehicle travel time with respect to the policy changes that reduced the operating speed of HSR trains, rearranged the train timetable, and lowered the ticket fare on HSR trains. The analysis results indicate the spatiotemporal pattern of Chinese cities affected by these policy changes. This study is useful for assessing HSR impacts on the accessibility of various cities across China as well as serving as a decision-making support to policies related to adjustments of HSR operation and planning of future HSR routes by considering the existing HSR and non-HSR railway lines.     

A methodology for prioritising HSR corridors: from U.S. theory to Spanish practice

The assessment of methodologies to prioritise the construction of new high-speed rail (HSR) corridors has recently become a key issue for transport planners in countries like the U.S., where HSR does not exist. In a climate of financial instability since the onset of the global crisis of 2007–2008, support for new projects is being eroded by serious concerns over the extremely steep costs of high-speed rail, and there is a need for the scientific clarification of the procedure for prioritizing construction.In 2009 a new ranking methodology was developed and applied to 30,000 city pairs in the U.S. to determine their suitability for high-speed rail investment. The existing literature on ranking tools for prioritising HSR corridors is practically non-existent, and, as none of these U.S. lines has been built or put into in operation, this methodology has not been validated. The main aim of this paper is to contribute to these ranking models and highlight their importance in the HSR planning process. The preliminary ranking tool described in this work has been validated using data from the current HSR Spanish network. The results confirm the consistency of the model as a first approach to ranking pairs, mainly for the top O–D relations; however the model has some drawbacks chiefly due to the type of variables used, and their assigned weightings. Finally, some specific improvements are proposed for this ranking approach in order to provide policymakers with a useful tool when planning the construction of new HSR networks.