The outbreak of COVID-19 and stock market liquidity: Evidence from emerging and developed equity markets

The outbreak of the novel corona virus has heightened concerns surrounding the adverse financial effects of the outbreak on stock market liquidity and economic policies. This paper contributes to the emerging strand of studies examining the adverse effects of the virus on varied aspect of global markets. The paper examines the causality and co-movements between COVID-19 and the aggregate stock market liquidity of China, Australia and the G7 countries (Canada, France, Italy, Japan, Germany, the UK and the US), using daily three liquidity proxies (Amihud, Spread and Traded Value) over the period December 2019 to July 2020. Our empirical analysis encompasses wavelet coherence and phase-differences as well as a linear Granger causality test. Linear causality test results suggest that a causal relationship exists between the number of cases of COVID 19 infections and stock market liquidity. To quantitatively examine the degree of causality between COVID-19 outbreak and stock market liquidity, we employ the continuous wavelet coherence approach with results revealing the unprecedented impact of COVID-19 on stock market liquidity during the low frequency bands for countries that were hard hit with the COVID-19 outbreak, i.e., Italy, Germany, France, the UK and the US. Further, evidence shows that there is a heterogeneous lead-lag nexus across scales for the entire period of the study.     

格兰杰因果性检验评述

格兰杰因果性检验是计量经济学中最常用的因果性检验方法,但是因为种种原因,目前很多实证研究存在着对该检验方法的模糊认识和不正确运用。本文回顾了格兰杰因果性检验的发展脉络,对国内目前在实际运用格兰杰因果性时存在的一些问题进行了讨论。     

Time–frequency quantile dependence between Bitcoin and global equity markets

In this paper, we examine return dependence between Bitcoin and stock market returns using a novel quantile cross-spectral dependence approach. The results suggest a right-tail (high return) dependence between Bitcoin and the stock markets in the long term and that said dependence decreases significantly from yearly to monthly investment horizons. Furthermore, right-tail dependence between Bitcoin and the US stock market is the strongest compared with other stock markets. We also extract information on the time-varying and time–frequency structure of co-movements between Bitcoin and the stock markets using wavelet-coherence analysis, the results of which suggest that the co-movement between Bitcoin and the US stock market is positive, whereas, for other stock markets, it is negative at certain frequencies and time periods. Overall, the findings highlight additional risk-management capabilities of Bitcoin according to different stock markets.     

Time-frequency co-movements between bank credit supply and economic growth in an emerging market: Does the bank ownership structure matter?

This study aims to shed some light on the causal link between bank credit supply and economic growth in Turkey for the banks with the different ownership structures between 1993Q4 and 2017Q3. Wavelet coherence test is used to obtain this objective and to answer the following questions: (i) does bank credit supply lead to economic growth in Turkey and vice versa, and (ii) does the bank ownership matters in this linkage? The findings from wavelet coherence reveal that between 1993 and 2003 in the short and medium term, economic growth leads credit supply but in the long run there is feedback causality between credit supply and economic growth for only public and private banks. However, in the long-run between 1993 and 2003 economic growth leads credit supply in the foreign banks in Turkey. Between 2004 and 2017, there is feedback causality between credit supply and economic growth. Moreover, our findings suggest that bank ownership affects the strength of the linkage between credit supply and economic growth in Turkey especially in the short and medium terms. More specially, within the three types of bank ownership, the findings imply that the strongest correlation among the variables is for the private banks while the weakest one is for foreign banks.     

浅议不确定性会计若干问题

在会计领域,要求在提供会计信息的同时考虑不确定性,以使会计信息更加具有可靠性和相关性。不确定性会计是"会计的一部分",正因为会计中存在着"不确定性",要对这些业务进行会计处理,就必须研究不确定性会计,对不确定性会计问题进行系统的分析,以期为不确定性经济业务的会计处理,构建一个理论框架。     

基于非线性Granger因果检验的股市间联动关系研究

本文在Himestra和Jones(1994)提出的非线性因果关系检验方法的基础上,通过Monte-Carlo模拟采用一种全新的方法确定判定因果关系是否成立的关键因素——置信水平σ,并以此对不同阶段A股和H股间的联动关系进行非线性因果关系检验。实证结果显示,与现有线性关系检验得出的A股和H股两个市场之间只有在股权分置改革后才存在因果关系的结论不同,基于非线性Granger因果检验揭示出两个市场之间一直存在着复杂的因果关系:A股和H股两个市场之间仅存在单向的非线性因果关系,而且这种非线性因果关系在不同阶段呈现出不同的特征。     

流动性过剩与银行信贷扩张关系研究

流动性过剩已成为我国经济的主要特征,由此带来的银行信贷扩张问题也越来越受到关注。在分析流动性过剩与银行信贷扩张传导机制的基础上,通过建立格兰杰因果检验方法得出流动性过剩与银行信贷的关系,并利用ADF检验、协整技术得出货币供应量与银行信贷余额并不存在长期稳定的关系。     

再议Granger因果检验

本文分析了Granger因果检验过程中的两个关键问题:平稳性与滞后阶的选取。对于前者,我们分三种情况讨论了Granger因果检验的具体使用方法;对于后者,我们也给出了两种不同方法,并就其具体的使用提出了一定的建议。     

房价和地价相互关系的实证分析——基于上海等地数据的检验

房价与地价之间的关系问题一直是争议较大的热点,理论界有两种截然不同的观点：一种是成本论,从供给角度来看,地价决定房价;一种是需求论,从需求角度来看,地价上涨是由于房屋需求增加。本文基于长三角地区较有代表的四座城市数据对此问题进行分析。     

货币国际化影响因素与作用机制的实证分析

本文在利用国际货币的三大职能全面衡量货币国际化程度的基础上,采用GMM识别货币国际化的影响因素,进而借助自举法的面板Granger因果检验探究货币国际化与其显著影响因素间的相互作用机制。研究发现,货币国际地位的提升在某个阶段可能以某一职能发挥为主,不同阶段的政策着力点应该不同;货币国际化与其影响因素间存在双向因果关系,主导性国际货币对发行国经济因素的影响更为明显;长期来看,人民币国际化成果可以为我国经济增长和金融发展服务。     

Opportunity sets and uncertain consequences

This paper provides an axiomatic approach to the problem of ranking opportunity sets with respect to the degree of uncertainty regarding possible consequences of the available actions. In many choice situations, the items that can be selected from a menu of possible choices (the objects of choice) do not coincide with the consequences they induce (the objects a decision-maker ultimately cares about). Thus, uncertainty regarding the consequences of the choices may be present. Two orderings that rank menus on the basis of the degree of uncertainty they represent are characterized.     

不确定性条件下的企业定价模型及其应用研究

本文以指导企业的定价实践为目的,以线性需求理论为基础,依据差别定价的原理,提出了一个线性定价模型,这一模型包括一次定价、二次定价和三次定价模型。文章对模型的经济含义和应用做出了说明和规定。     

变压器绕组温升试验及其不确定度分析

本文介绍了变压器正常加载时的温升试验过程和相关事项,并对试验数据进行变压器温升的不确定度分析。