资本市场开放与盈余管理——基于盈余管理异质性视角

近年来，资本市场开放的经济后果受到广泛关注。本文首次基于盈余管理异质性视角，利用“沪深港通”交易制度实施的准自然实验，实证检验资本市场开放对不同属性盈余管理的影响。研究发现，资本市场开放对机会主义盈余管理与信息驱动型盈余管理均产生了显著的抑制作用。进一步地，在机会主义盈余管理样本中，资本市场开放显著提升了操控性应计质量；在信息驱动型盈余管理样本中，资本市场开放对操控性应计质量没有显著的影响。机制检验发现，资本市场开放通过投资者“用脚”投票监督机制和改善公司信息环境机制抑制盈余管理，而提高公司面临的投资者诉讼风险这一机制则未发挥显著的中介作用。     

盈余质量信息复杂程度对股价的影响——基于中国证券市场的实证研究北大核心

本文从盈余信息质量特征的角度将盈余质量划分为复杂程度不同的三个维度——盈余的可靠性、盈余的持续性以及盈余的现金保障性,以2008~2013年沪深两市全部A股上市公司为研究样本,研究盈余质量信息的复杂程度对股价的影响。实证结果表明中国证券市场在盈余的可靠性维度上对审计意见做出反应而对盈余管理行为则没有反应;对盈余的持续性做出反应而对盈余的现金保障性则没有反应。同时,本文还发现相对于盈余质量信息,中国证券市场更关注盈余数量信息。所以总体而言,简单的盈余质量信息能够影响股价,而复杂的盈余质量信息则不能影响股价。     

会计盈余持续性对盈余质量影响的实证研究

本文主要从盈余持续性的角度对盈余质量进行了评价,将会计盈余分为应计成分和现金流成分,并用实证研究的方法分析了会计盈余中各成分的持续性,论述了持续性对盈余质量的影响。     

会计盈余持续性对盈余质量影响的实证研究

本文主要从盈余持续性的角度对盈余质量进行了评价,将会计盈余分为应计成分和现金流成分,并用实证研究的方法分析了会计盈余中各成分的持续性,论述了持续性对盈余质量的影响.     

上市公司盈余信息质量改进途径探究

本文基于财务负责人背景特征对上市公司盈余信息质量影响的理论分析和实证研究结论，提出了完善财务负责人选拔制度、完善财务负责人薪酬激励机制、提高会计师事务所审计质量和完善资本市场监管规则，以期待有助于对上市公司盈余质量的提升。     

会计盈余质量与权益资本成本关系的实证分析

决策有用是衡量盈余质量的一个主要标准,从投资者的角度,以2001年—2003年间具有10期连续存续期间的上市公司为样本,通过研究计价观下企业会计盈余的7个不同质量：应计质量、持续性、可预测性、平滑度、价值相关性、及时性、稳健性,对权益资本成本的影响来为上述问题提供证据。研究结果表明,除盈余的持续性与预测符号不一致以外,其他各质量与权益资本成本之间均呈负相关关系,但持续性、价值相关性与稳健性的影响不显著;在对权益资本成本的影响程度方面,盈余的质量影响程度最大,其次是平滑度、及时性和可预测性;以会计为基础的质量对资本市场的影响整体大于以市场为基础的质量。     

盈余持续性的分析方法研究

盈余持续性是会计盈余信息的重要特征,是衡量盈余质量高低的关键指标之一。合理评价和度量上市公司的盈余持续性,有助于分析证券市场的有效性、预测公司未来业绩,也为投资者评价公司未来现金流量提供了基本信息和保证。     

赴美上市中国公司盈余品质的实证研究

文章选取2008-2013年赴美上市的中国公司为样本,运用经典的Barth模型,分别从横截面数据和面板数据两个角度进行盈余品质的实证分析研究,主要评价了中国赴美国上市公司整体盈余质量水平及盈余质量的发展趋势.该问题的研究既有助于改善中国赴美上市公司盈余品质管理,为未来即将在美国资本市场IPO的中国公司提供实证经验参考,亦有助于中国资本市场的监管者进一步完善市场管理、报告信息披露以及盈余质量的监管.     

以“数”谋“盈”：企业数字化转型对盈余持续性的影响研究

以2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,基于企业数字化转型的“治理效应”“信息效应”和“融资效应”,实证检验企业数字化转型对盈余持续性的影响及作用机制。研究发现,企业数字化转型可显著提高盈余持续性,其作用机制在于抑制真实盈余管理、提高信息透明度和缓解融资约束。从异质性视角来看,“底层技术运用”和“技术实践应用”均可显著提高盈余持续性;在非国有企业、成长性低的企业中,企业数字化转型对盈余持续性的影响更加显著。企业应该坚定实施数字化转型的信心,增强实施数字化转型的动力,以谋求持续稳定的收益。     

XBRL财务报告与盈余公告后股价漂移现象——基于上交所上市公司的实证研究

本文从盈余信息市场反应的角度,研究了XBRL财务报告这一会计信息标准化措施对资本市场信息反应效率产生的影响。研究发现,我国资本市场存在盈余公告后股价漂移现象,但与大多数研究结果不同,在2007~2011年期间的盈余公告后股价漂移现象存在熊市特征:在此期间,与大多数研究结果一致,未预期盈余为负的股票价格向下漂移;而与大多数研究结果不同,未预期盈余为正的股票价格也向下漂移。同时研究还证明,XBRL财务报告的强制披露显著降低了盈余公告后的股价漂移程度,提高了资本市场的有效性。     

基于ARMA模型的上市公司盈余质量判断

会计盈余因其具有较高的信息含量已被广泛认可,但是在不同年份,特别在差异的资本市场环境下,存在质量上的差异,造成中小股东及潜在投资者对公司及目标公司前后会计期间的盈余质量不易做出准确的判断。因此我们从会计前后期盈余之间的相关性及波动性来判断盈余质量,通过采用案例分析的方法,并利用Eviews软件进行模型检验。结果表明：基于ARMA的模型建立,对上市公司的前后期盈余质量之间关系具有较高的解释力度,比较好的反映出公司盈余数据的持续相关性及波动性。     

担保网络影响分析师盈余预测偏差吗？

以2008—2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,采用社会网络分析法考察上市公司担保网络对分析师盈余预测的影响。研究发现,上市公司加入担保网络会显著增加分析师盈余预测偏差,降低预测准确度,这种负面效应在双向担保、跨省融资担保、长期处于担保网络以及位于担保网络结构洞位置的上市公司中更加明显,而上市公司选择退出担保网络则有效降低了这种负面影响,提高了分析师盈余预测准确度。进一步研究发现,会计信息可比性是担保网络影响分析师盈余预测偏差的一条重要作用路径。调节效应分析结果显示,高质量的内部控制、良好的公司治理等内部治理机制与媒体监督、机构投资者治理等外部治理机制均能够有效降低担保网络上市公司对分析师盈余预测偏差的消极影响。研究结果有助于进一步梳理企业间复杂关系对资本市场信息传递效率的影响,为资本市场各方参与者有效缓解担保网络的消极影响提供了经验证据与政策方向。     

会计盈余功用理论的拓展研究——以盈余质量与资本配置效率为视角

以2004年-2007年沪深两市的上市公司为研究样本,在Richardson和Verdi研究的基础上,对盈余质量影响资本配置效率的路径模式和作用机理进行更为深入的分析.研究结果表明,盈余质量的改善一方面能直接提高上市公司的资本配置效率,另一方面则能够通过降低代理成本间接促进上市公司资本配置效率的提高,盈余质量对资本配置效率的这种影响在过度投资公司中表现尤为明显.     

Valuation and Forecasting Roles of Dividends of Indonesian Listed Firms

We study the role of dividends in valuation and in forecasting future earnings in a low‐protection environment with highly concentrated ownership that is expected to yield low earnings quality. Using a sample of 372 distinct Indonesian firms listed on the IDX during the period 1995 to 2012 we show that dividends are reliably positively priced by the capital market, violating thus the dividend displacement theorem. This result persists even after controlling for some typical factors that affect firm value (capital structure, risk) and the effect of factors not separately identified, but priced by the Indonesian capital market (other information). Dividends replace accounting earnings entirely in valuation. Dividends are positively correlated to future earnings over and above current accounting earnings and other accounting and market variables. Both findings show that dividends play a central role on the Indonesian capital market. Finally, we show evidence consistent with the view that earnings management of Indonesian firms after 2002 is contractually efficient rather than opportunistic.     

A cross‐country study on the relationship between financial development and earnings management

This study investigates whether a country's level of financial development is associated with earnings management in an international setting. Financial development is likely to heighten the monitoring and scrutiny of accounting numbers because of strengthened investor protection laws and regulations as well as sophisticated market participants. Therefore, we first hypothesize that both accrual‐based and real earnings management decrease with greater financial development. However, research shows that managers tend to apply real earnings management, instead of accrual‐based earnings management, under strict accounting standards, regulations, and close auditor scrutiny. Thus, we explore the alternative hypothesis that accrual‐based earnings management decreases but real earnings management increases along with higher financial development. We examine the relationship between financial development and both types of earnings management using 56,830 observations in 37 countries covering the period 2009–2012. The results indicate that both types of earnings management are more restrained under higher levels of financial development.     

证券分析师跟踪:决定因素与经济后果

以会计信息的价值相关性模型为基础,探讨了分析师跟踪上市公司的决定因素及其对盈余信息价值相关性的影响。研究发现,分析师更倾向于选择盈余平滑程度较高且盈余操纵较少的公司。在分析师市场形成后,投资者将分析师的预测作为估计公司未来盈利的主要依据;对没有分析师跟踪的公司,投资者仍然倾向于运用以往的盈利作为公司未来盈利预测基础。     

SFAS 133 and income smoothing via discretionary accruals: The role of hedge effectiveness and market volatility

This study investigates whether the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 (SFAS 133) influences firms’ income smoothing via discretionary accruals decisions. Moreover, we investigate whether the level of hedge effectiveness and market volatility affects the impact of SFAS 133 on firms’ income smoothing via discretionary accruals decisions. Consistent with our predictions, we find a significant increase in income smoothing via discretionary accruals activity after the adoption of SFAS 133. We also find that income smoothing via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133 increases with the level of hedge ineffectiveness. By contrast, we find that perfect hedgers do not engage in more income smoothing via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133. Finally, we find that the higher the market volatility is the larger the income smoothing is via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133. This implies that higher market volatility makes it more difficult for firms to meet hedge accounting requirements, thereby increasing unmanaged earnings volatility and income smoothing. Prior studies suggest that regulators are expressing concern about the effect of earnings management on the quality of reported earnings and the functioning of capital markets (e.g., Barton, 2001 ). In this regard, our findings imply that accounting standard setters should take into account the trade‐off between transparency and income smoothing.     

The impact of accounting reform on accounting quality: Evidence from Nigeria

The effectiveness of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is dependent on the strength of enforcement of accounting standards in a given country. This study explores the implications of the adoption of IFRS in Nigeria after the enforcement of accounting standards was strengthened. The strengthening of accounting standards enforcement, and the subsequent adoption of IFRS in Nigeria, was recommended by the World Bank to improve the country's regulatory outlook after a capital market crisis in 2007/2008 that was triggered by widespread accounting irregularities. Results indicate that accounting quality declined in Nigeria following the adoption of IFRS; while earnings management increased, timely loss recognition and earnings persistence reduced. Our study contributes to the burgeoning literature on IFRS adoption and concludes that the effect of IFRS adoption is contextual. Therefore, accounting regulatory institutions operating in a similar context to Nigeria should localize IFRS.     

盈余管理:创业板风险投资与ipo后市场表现的实证研究

文章以2009年10月30日到2010年12月31日期间上市的152家深圳创业板公司为研究样本,研究有无风险投资背景前提下,创业板公司IPO前是否存在正向盈余管理与IPO后市场表现之间的关系。实证结果显示:有风投背景上市公司盈余管理程度较无风投公司盈余程度低,差异显著;有风投背景的上市公司短期市场表现强于无风投公司,中期市场表现则与之相反。创业板公司存在正向盈余管理行为,且IPO前盈余管理和IPO后中短期市场表现呈负相关且差异显著。     

National culture and the revenue-expense matching

Prior studies on the link between country-level cultural aspects and firms' arbitrary accounting practices are scant, and they show mixed results. To gain more insight about the impact of national culture on earnings characteristics, we exploit the matching concept between revenues and expenses, which well reflects managerial estimation and discretion in earnings quality. Using a large sample of 57 countries over the period 1989–2012, we find that (1) the economic association between revenues and expenses becomes stronger in firms from collectivistic and high uncertainty-avoidant countries, (2) the impact of these dimensions of national culture on the matching is more salient for firms from countries characterized by a higher level of accrual accounting, a greater proportion of special-items, and limited openness, and (3) the cultural impact on matching is mainly driven by the correlation between revenue and discretionary expense (i.e., selling, general, and administrative expense). These findings are consistent with the view that national culture plays an informal governance role to influence firms' discretionary accounting choices.