正态分布下期货套期保值CVaR风险的敏感度

条件风险价值（Conditional Value—at—Risk，CVaR）是比风险价值更优越的风险计量技术。本文把条件风险价值应用于期货套期保值，分析期货套期保值条件风险价值的敏感性。在正态分布下，分空头期货套期保值和多头期货套期保值两种情况，导出期货套期保值条件风险价值关于期货头寸的一阶、二阶变化率，并解释其经济意义。为套期保值者在期货套期保值中根据条件风险价值的敏感度增减期货头寸提供指导。     

商品期货套期保值的会计处理实例探析

针对近年来金属价格高位运行且剧烈波动的形势,许多以贵金属为主要原材料的加工企业,都积极运用商品期货合约,采用各种套期保值策略,以规避经营风险,由此涉及商品期货套期保值的会计实务处理问题。本文通过企业商品期货合约套期保值实施的具体案例,对套期保值会计实务处理有关问题进行分析和探讨。     

基于期货与期权的套期保值策略

人们在交易现货时,时刻受到价格风险的冲击,使用套期保值策略可以有效地规避这种现货价格风险.套期保值策略是使用期货工具对将来交易现货的价格风险进行对冲,或者使用期权工具改变将来交易现货时出现的不利局面.人们以期货作为工具进行套期保值研究较多,1979年Ederington提出了最小方差法.近年来国内学者又提出了最大效用套期保值和组合套期保值.然而,对使用期权作为工具进行套期保值的研究比较少.本文研究同时使用期货和期权两种工具共同对现货进行套期保值,规避在将来进行现货交易时所遇到的现货价格风险.     

ETF套利交易中股指期货套期保值理论与对策研究——基于光大证券“8·16乌龙”事件

作为资本市场上重要的基础金融衍生产品,股指期货为投资者应对市场风险提供了不可或缺的对冲工具。本文基于光大证券“8·16乌龙”事件,对ETF套利交易中股指期贷套期保值进行了文献综述和理论分析,最后提出ETF套利交易中股指期货套期保值的操作对策。     

从中航油事件看燃料油期货套期保值

期货作为一种重要的金融衍生产品,具有套期保值的功能。近年来,越来越多国内企业开始利用期货套期保值规避现货市场风险,但是由于缺少对套期保值风险的客观认识与管理能力,套期保值高额亏损事件频繁发生。燃料油作为原油下游产品,其价格与国际原油价格具有较强的相关性,价格波动剧烈。中国燃料油企业迫切需要利用燃料油期货套期保值规避现货市场风险,但是套期保值操作本身也存在风险。如何正确认识与评估燃料油期货套期保值风险,如何加强风险意识和监控,是燃料油企业亟待解决的问题。     

股指期货套期保值的会计处理

股指期货具有套期保值功能,可以有效规避现货价格风险,被越来越多的企业青睐。股指期货的套期保值主要包括公允价值套期和现金流量套期两种形式。本文根据《企业会计准则第24号——套期保值》的相关规定,分别提出股指期货公允价值套期和现金流量套期的会计处理。     

基于套期保值业务的期货、期权问题研究

随着期货、期权等衍生工具的发展,企业在经营中经常会投资衍生产品对其经营风险进行风险对冲,由此产生了套期保值操作.本文阐述了套期保值的基本概念,分析期货、期权等衍生品在套期保值中的应用策略,并以证监会对套保业务相关法规及审核关注点切入,对套期保值尽职调查要点、规范措施进行总结,同时研究套期保值会计处理方法应用中应该注意的问题,供企业管理者、金融服务人员在实际工作中参考.     

股指期货定价模型研究

股指期货在证券市场上发挥着价格发现、套期保值、对冲风险、优化资产配置和活跃股票现货市场等重要作用。随着沪深300股指期货在我国资本市场推出,投资者在利用股指期货进行套期保值时,科学而合理地预期价格则成为投资能否成功的关键因素。本文通过对完美市场和不完美市场两种股指期货的定价模型进行分析,指出期货价格存在的应该存在的合理区间,并为投资者进行套利进行了理论指导。     

交易成本对股指期货交易量的影响研究

2010年4月16日,股指期货在我国挂牌上市,它有两大功能:价格发现和套期保值。其中,利用股指期货进行套期保值需要花费一定的成本,包括直接费用、间接费用和资金占用成本,它们对股指期货交易量有着重要的影响。     

期货业务审计中套期保值与期货投机的识别

期货业务审计作为审计内容的新范畴,尚处于业务探索、经验积累阶段。为明确界定企业操作期货行为是否属于国家相关规定的套期保值范围,本文从概念、业务性质、会计处理、套期保值手续、交易记录、企业内部套期保值方案等方面进行了划分,为审计人员正确认定套期保值业务提供帮助。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.