在职培训、研发投入与企业创新

在职培训有利于企业的人力资本积累,改善企业的学习能力和吸收能力,本文从理论和实证两方面研究了在职培训、研发投入对企业技术创新绩效的影响。研究表明：在职培训和研发投入均能显著提升企业的技术创新绩效,但是培训与研发之间存在的负向互补效应显著不利于创新绩效的提高;国有企业的培训效率偏低,培训对国企的技术创新绩效存在显著不利的影响;对于私营和外资企业,培训却能够显著推动企业的技术创新,但是培训与研发负的互补效应更为显著。     

基于半参数模型的企业创新绩效影响因素实证研究

创新是高新技术企业生存发展不可或缺的因素之一。本文选取我国电子制造业122家上市公司为样本,利用半参数模型,对影响创新绩效的企业规模、发展能力、研发投入、企业年龄、出口能力和厂房设备能力等六个因素进行实证分析。研究结果发现,半参数回归模型较之于一般参数模型拟合效果更加优越;企业规模、研发投入和企业年龄指标与创新绩效呈正相关,发展能力、出口能力和厂房设备指标同创新绩效之间呈负相关关系,且发展能力指标对技术创新的影响最大。所得结论对提高企业创新绩效有借鉴作用。     

行业差异、R&D投入与A股上市企业创新绩效——基于CDM模型的实证分析

本文基于CDM三阶段创新模型,采用2017年A股上市企业的截面数据,实证检验了A股上市企业的R&D投入、创新产出与企业创新绩效之间的关系,并比较了制造业与非制造业企业创新过程的不同。结果表明:企业规模和政府补助对制造业企业起到的正向作用大于非制造业企业。然而,在企业创新产出中,制造业企业规模的影响却不如非制造业企业。企业创新产出对非制造业企业成长性绩效有显著负作用,研发人员投入强度对两种企业的成长性绩效都具有积极作用。因此,制造业企业不但要关注政府补助和企业规模,也要注重研发人才的培养。而非制造业企业在扩大企业规模的同时更应着眼于企业的未来成长。     

制造企业知识密集服务网络嵌入与企业绩效的关系——企业吸收能力的调节作用

针对制造业企业究竟要如何成功实现服务化战略转型的问题,文章结合网络嵌入性理论,以珠三角经济圈各类制造企业为研究对象,分析了当制造企业嵌入知识密集服务网络时,企业吸收能力对制造企业服务化战略转型绩效的影响。结果发现:制造企业嵌入知识密集服务网络,企业吸收能力越强,制造业服务化战略转型绩效获取将越有保障。同时,研究还表明,尽管制造企业知识密集服务网络嵌入对企业绩效有显著的正向影响,但其关系性嵌入对企业绩效的影响并不总是遵循线性关系。为提升制造企业从外部服务网络所获取创新知识的吸收能力,文章提出了塑造以知识为中心的企业价值观、针对性地加强组织人力资源管理、重视服务系统的研发投入等建议。     

企业间知识转移的影响因素和作用结果

采用元分析技术,对中国企业间知识转移的影响因素和作用结果的研究进展进行了系统、定量的阶段性总结,并与西方背景下的研究结论进行跨文化比较。研究发现,企业规模、知识吸收能力、网络密度、网络中心性、信任水平、关系强度共享愿景和价值观与企业间知识转移之间显著正相关,知识模糊性和文化距离与企业间知识转移之间存在显著负相关,企业间知识转移与企业创新能力和绩效水平之间显著正相关。在中西方背景下,知识模糊性、企业规模、信任水平、关系强度、文化距离、创新能力和绩效水平与企业间知识转移之间的关系强度存在较大差异,而吸收能力、网络密度、网络中心性、共享愿景和价值观与企业间知识转移之间的关系强度差异不大。     

宁波高新技术企业研发投入与财务绩效研究

本文以宁波高新技术企业为研究对象,利用因子分析得到综合财务绩效指标,以研发投入强度为自变量以综合财务绩效指标为因变量,构建研发投入与财务绩效的线性回归模型,分析研发投入与财务绩效之间的关系。研究结果发现,宁波高新技术企业的研发投入与其财务绩效显著正相关且没有明显的滞后性,研发投入产出的影响期在3年以上。     

制造企业跨界知识搜寻对创新绩效的影响——一个被调节的双重中介模型

制造业对中国经济未来发展日益重要。跨界融合背景下,研究中国制造企业的跨界知识搜寻如何影响企业创新绩效提升,深具现实意义和理论价值。以208家中国制造企业为样本,从双元创新视角,运用相关分析、多元线性回归和bootstrap方法进行实证分析,着重研究跨界知识搜寻促进企业创新绩效提升的内在机理问题。研究表明:跨界知识搜寻对企业创新绩效具有显著正向影响;对突破式和渐进式两种创新模式均具有显著正向影响;突破式和渐进式创新对跨界知识搜寻与创新绩效间关系具有双重中介效应,其中,突破式创新的中介效应更加显著;同时,吸收能力对跨界知识搜寻与两种创新模式间关系具有正向调节作用,两种创新模式的中介效应亦受到吸收能力的调节。以上结论对厘清跨界知识搜寻,促进创新绩效提升的内在机理具有以下启示:中国制造企业需要加大跨界知识搜寻的广度和深度,提高创新绩效;需要选择适宜自身资源和知识搜寻能力的创新模式,以促进创新绩效提升;同时,需要特别关注吸收能力对以上过程的影响。     

国际软件外包中知识溢出与创新绩效关系研究——以吸收能力为中介变量

为了深入研究国际软件外包中的知识溢出与创新绩效之间的关系,文章引入吸收能力这一中介变量,通过在全国范围内对169家企业的调研,采用探索性分析法与多元线性回归方法对国际软件外包中知识溢出和创新绩效间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明知识溢出对企业的吸收能力具有正向影响,吸收能力对企业创新绩效具有正向影响;吸收能力在知识溢出与创新绩效之间的关系中扮演部分中介的角色。     

物流产业集群创新网络结构对创新绩效的影响分析——以知识流动水平为中介变量

以80家物流企业为对象,获取大量的样本数据,运用层次回归分析验证物流产业集群创新网络结构对创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明:物流产业集群网络中心度、网络密度、网络联系强度对创新绩效有显著的正向影响;网络规模对创新绩效的正向影响不显著。知识流动水平在物流产业集群创新网络结构对创新绩效的影响中起着部分中介效应。     

战略性新兴产业创新投入与企业绩效研究

文章以战略性新兴产业为研究对象,选取2011-2016年战略性新兴产业数据为研究样本,从研发人员投入和研发资金投入两个方面,实证检验了创新投入与企业绩效的关系.结果发现,人力资本投入的提高可以显著促进企业的当期绩效,而研发资金的投入对当前的影响不显著,对滞后一期的企业业绩有显著的促进作用.进一步的,企业股权结构和企业规模的异质性也会对研发投入产生重要的影响.     

技术创新驱动企业成长的绩效分析——基于创新型上市公司的实证研究

依据2007-2010年创新型上市公司相关数据,以R&D经费支出强度为技术创新的替代变量,从企业市场成长和利润成长两个维度,实证分析了技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响及其态势。研究表明:技术创新与公司的市场成长速度、成长效率正相关,与公司利润成长速度无关;技术创新促进公司市场成长见效快、持续期短,在提升公司成长效率上有短期滞后性,累积效应较好,但未能创造经济价值。研究建议:企业应当将技术创新战略适时由市场导向向市场、利润并重导向转变,开拓强化突破性创新,且在以产品创新、过程创新为主要形式的技术创新实施过程中,努力发掘产品创新的增值能力及空间。     

Absorptive capacity—one size fits all? A firm‐level analysis of absorptive capacity for different kinds of knowledge

This paper empirically analyzes the effect of R&D activities, human resource and knowledge management, and the organization of knowledge sharing within a firm on the absorptive capacity of innovative firms for three different types of knowledge, namely absorptive capacity to use knowledge from a firm's own industry, knowledge from other industries and knowledge from research institutions. Using data from the German innovation survey, we investigate how firms are able to exploit knowledge from external partners for successful innovation activities. The estimation results show that the determinants of absorptive capacity differ with respect to the type of knowledge absorbed for innovation activities. In particular, we find that the R&D intensity does not significantly influence absorptive capacity for intra‐ and inter‐industry knowledge. Additionally, our results suggest that absorptive capacity is path dependent and firms can influence their ability to exploit external knowledge by encouraging individuals' involvement in a firm's innovation projects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovation efficiency and firm performance in a benchmarking context

This paper examines the effect of innovation efficiency on firm performance using the Greek version of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2012–2014 and employs a dataset of 1,274 innovative manufacturing firms. Introducing a data envelopment analysis (DEA)-type benchmarking strategy with non-continuous knowledge inputs, the main findings suggest that innovation efficiency, although does not exert a direct impact on firm performance, moderates the relationship between the internally generated knowledge and firm performance. On the other hand, such a moderation relationship is not confirmed for the relationship between external knowledge and innovation spillovers on firm's performance. Although the impact of the embodied to innovation inputs spillovers, on firm performance, is always positive and significant, empirical results indicate that absorptive capacity exhibits diminishing returns with respect to performance.     

网络能力对企业绩效影响的实证研究

通过问卷调查利用191家企业的资料,以网络位置和吸收能力为中间变量,实证分析了网络能力对企业绩效的影响。结果显示:企业网络能力对网络位置、吸收能力具有正向作用;企业网络位置、吸收能力对企业绩效具有正向作用;而吸收能力对网络位置的作用未能通过验证。     

The moderating effects of knowledge characteristics of firms on the financial value of innovative technology products

The development of innovative technology products is both costly and risky, and their economic value is highly uncertain. Based on a sample of 312 innovative technology products introduced between 1987 and 2006 in the U.S. and a long-horizon event study with control firms, we study the impact of innovative technology products on the long-term financial performance of a firm. In particular, we examine how the knowledge characteristics of the firm, which embrace its knowledge absorptive capacity, knowledge impact, and knowledge diversity, moderate such an impact. We find that on average an innovative technology product increases the firm's return on assets (ROA) (relative to control firms) by 2.18% in the second year after product introduction. However, the value of an innovative technology product varies with the knowledge characteristics of the firm that invented it. We find that the financial impact of technology products is stronger when firms have higher knowledge absorptive capacity, and more impactful and less diversified knowledge (as measured by patents). We classify firms into three categories based on their knowledge characteristics. We find that firms with a high knowledge fit increase their ROA by 4.55% after product introduction, while those with a low knowledge fit receive no benefit from the innovative technology products at all.     

Coping with rivals’ absorptive capacity in innovation activities

Two factors jointly determine the likelihood of a firm′s competitors obtaining information on its intangible assets and using it to damage the firm′s innovation performance. Those factors are the absorptive capacity of the rival firm and the appropriability regime of the innovating firm. However, the precise roles of the two factors in affecting performance outcomes are not well documented. Furthermore, we lack knowledge of the interplay between an appropriability regime and absorptive capacity, although they clearly have the capacity to exert positive and negative effects both on each other and on innovativeness. This study presents findings derived from theoretical discussion and an empirical examination of 155 firms that suggest that while competitors’ absorptive capacity does not play a direct negative or positive role on the innovation performance of a firm, an appropriability regime exerts a strong positive influence. Nevertheless, high rival absorptive capacity is not without importance, since the significant interaction effects suggest that a strong appropriability regime has positive effects on innovation performance especially in the context of a rival having high absorptive capacity.     

The effect of environmental dynamism on returns to inventory leanness

This paper adds to the empirical inventory management literature by examining the moderating effects of environmental dynamism on the relationship between inventory leanness and financial performance. While the financial implications of inventory management practices have been extensively studied in the literature, it is clear that lean inventory strategies may not have the same payoff for all firms in all industries. Grounded in inventory theory, this study explores how firm characteristics and environmental dynamism—measured in terms of innovative intensity, demand uncertainty and competitive intensity—moderate the inventory leanness–performance link. We use hierarchical linear modeling to analyze a data set of 5749 firm-year observations from 123 U.S. manufacturing industries. In line with the hypotheses set forth, the results indicate that innovative intensity in an industry increases the effect of inventory leanness on firm performance while competitive intensity has the opposite effect. The hypothesis with respect to the moderating role of demand uncertainty is not supported. Another interesting and important finding is that inventory leanness accounts for nearly one third of the variation in firm performance after controlling for firm size and growth, thus underlining the importance of efficient and effective inventory management for overall firm success.     

THE MEASUREMENT OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY FROM AN ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE: DEFINITION,MEASUREMENT AND IMPORTANCE

This paper starts by recognizing that despite the importance of absorptive capacity, economists in particular have made only limited use of the concept. Most theoretical and empirical studies derive from other fields of research. Thus, the first task is to compare and contrast the different approaches taken in measuring absorptive capacity. The rest of the paper then sets out an example of how typically economists have proceeded, using nationally representative CIS data to measure absorptive capacity across a 10‐year period and investigating if it remains stable in the long term. This is followed by considering how firms’ characteristics vary across lower to higher levels of absorptive capacity and whether such capacity determines firms’ productivity performance across both goods and service industries. Our results show that relative to other influences, absorptive capacity as measured here — net of the impact of foreign‐ownership and human capital — has a substantial influence on exporting, innovation and undertaking R&D and thus consequently firm‐level productivity. Finally, there is a discussion of why governments should consider helping firms to boost their levels of absorptive capacity.     

Environmental and Firm Level Influences on Inter‐Organizational Trust and SME Performance

We investigate the effects of focal firm knowledge intensity and uncertainty on inter‐organizational trust and subsequent performance of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). We integrate the trust literature with transaction cost literature as both of these offer partial explanations of the dynamics of inter‐organizational trust in the context of an SME. We propose that knowledge intensity of the focal firm will have a positive relationship while uncertainty will have a negative relationship with inter‐organizational trust in an exchange relationship. Further, we propose a positive relationship between trust and SME performance, which will be contingent on the level of external and internal uncertainty faced by the focal firm. Empirical evidence, based on the survey data of 565 German SMEs, mostly supports our arguments.