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1.
中国物流业技术进步与技术效率研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
在构建1999~2006年中国30个省区市物流业面板数据的基础上,应用Malmquist-DEA方法,对中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)的增长来源、差异与变化趋势进行了实证分析.结果表明,考察期内中国各地区物流业全要素生产率呈增长态势,技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要动力,技术效率的恶化阻碍了生产率的增长;各地区存在严重的投入拥挤和资源浪费现象;东、中、西部区域之间全要素生产率增长存在差异,原因各不相同;东部全要素生产率平均增长最快,西部技术进步增长明显,相对而言,低水平的技术进步与技术效率使得中部地区全要素生产率平均增长最慢.σ检验表明,技术效率在三大区域之间和区域内部有发散的趋势.目前应注重物流业的规划、管理及区域间的协调发展.  相似文献   

2.
本文使用非参数的HMB生产率指数方法,考察了中国农村改革以来农业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动趋势,并把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步、技术效率变化、规模效应和投入产出混合效应四个部分。结果表明,改革开放以来我国农业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,技术效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响,而规模效应和混合效应影响较弱。文章还指出中国农业的育种能力和生物技术的发展是农业技术进步的决定力量。  相似文献   

3.
本文用非参数Malmquist指数方法研究了我国全要素生产率的增长状况及其区域差异,并将其分解为技术进步和技术效率,同时采用增长回归法对我国地区之间TFP、技术效率、科技进步的差异进行了检验。研究表明:1994-2007年间我国全要素生产率年均增长率达到1%,主要得益于技术进步水平的提高,技术效率总体上呈现下滑趋势;我国各省市区的科技进步、技术效率、TFP变化呈现出较为明显的差异,其中TFP和科技进步变化差异最为明显,而技术效率变化差异不大。  相似文献   

4.
黄伟伟  李静 《企业导报》2011,(3):116-118
近些年,我国的旅游饭店业得到迅速成长。本文采用非参数DEA方法对中国旅游饭店业全要素生产率的增长状况进行分析,并分解为技术效率增长与技术进步增长,并进一步探讨了各地区饭店业全要素生产率的增长特征。结果显示:2004~2008年间,中国旅游饭店业TFP平均增长了6.3%。同时东中西部地区旅游饭店业全要素生产率增长存在显著差异,且影响全要素生产率增长的来源也不相同,中西部地区TFP增长快于东部地区,东部地区较多地依赖于技术进步的提高,而中西部则更多地依赖于技术效率尤其是规模效率的提高。  相似文献   

5.
朱慧蓉 《企业导报》2011,(7):121-122
采用曼奎斯特指数法,对1997~2007年我国物流业全要素生产率和技术效率的发展情况进行了数据分析。其结果显示:我国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)增长主要得益于技术进步,由于技术进步增长不快,且技术效率负增长对技术进步的削减作用较大,因此我国物流业全要素生产率增长较为缓慢。通过各指数进行相关分析和回归分析得出一些更进一步的结论,为预测全要素生产率对技术进步指数、技术效率变化指数、规模效率指数等的变化提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

6.
本文以结构-效率-速度为逻辑框架,在分析 “服务业成本病”与“结构性减速”形成机制的基础上,通过成本 曼奎斯特模型与传统径向曼奎斯特模型相结合的非参数方法测算产业的全要素生产率、规模效率、配置效率及技术进步和价格效应的增长率。研究表明:(1)“服务业成本病”和“结构性减速”实质上一脉相承,以“服务业成本病”现象来反驳经济增长进入“结构性减速”阶段是自相矛盾的;(2)中国各产业的技术进步增长对其全要素生产率增长起决定性作用,各产业的技术进步增长减缓使得其全要素生产率增长下降,从而导致中国经济增速下滑;(3)在全要素生产率层面上,服务业并非是“技术停滞”部门,但服务业内部部门的全要素生产率增长存在较大异质性,生活性服务业的全要素生产率增长较快,而生产性服务业和公共服务业的全要素生产率增长缓慢;(4)中国各产业的配置效率增长总体上比较缓慢,进一步着力深化市场化改革和供给侧结构性改革势在必行。  相似文献   

7.
中国地区研发创新的相对效率与全要素生产率增长分解   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
以1998~2006年中国大陆30个省级地区的面板数据为基础,应用超越对数随机前沿模型,实证测评了各地区研发创新的相对效率与全要素生产率增长情况.研究显示一段时间内全国整体研发创新技术效率较低,尚有较大的提升空间;各地区研发创新技术效率存在差异,且东部地区高于中、西部;研发创新的全要素生产率与技术进步均有所增长,但增幅减缓;技术进步是全要素生产率增长的主要动力,而技术效率在考察期内并未发生明显变化;全要素生产率增长与技术进步均不存在绝对收敛,但存在条件收敛.  相似文献   

8.
我国制造业的全要素生产率变动存在区域性差异。基于DEA分解的Malmquist指数法分解结果表明,东部地区制造业TFP增长主要由技术进步推动,而中西部地区则表现为技术效率的提升。就影响因素而言,FDI以及汇率波动对东部地区制造业TFP变动的影响显著。基础设施建设水平则对西部地区制造业TFP提升有着重要作用。此外,市场化进程也对中西部地区全要素生产率的提升产生影响。  相似文献   

9.
院文章基于Malmquist 指数法,测算了长三角地区服务业全要素生产率(TFP)指数.研究结果表明(1)2003-2011年长三角地区服务业TFP 指数年均值为0.997,其中上海市服务业TFP 指数为1.023;(2)长三角地区服务业增长态势趋缓,服务业增长率与TFP 指数变动呈高度正相关;(3)技术进步是提高服务业全要素生产率的主要因素.长三角地区产业结构逐渐向服务经济转型,应依靠技术进步,鼓励创新,提高服务业生产率,促进服务业的长期健康发展.  相似文献   

10.
中国区域经济增长方式比较研究:1978~2005   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文运用Malmquist指数对1978~2005年中国省区、三大地区间经济增长源泉比较分析,结果表明:要素投入和TFP对经济增长效应年际、省际变化比较大,要素投入的贡献高于TFP的贡献,但在不同的时期内,要素投入和TFP对经济增长效应不一;1990~1995年技术进步对经济增长贡献最高,而技术效率的贡献自1978年以来一直比较低;1978~2005年要素投入和TFP对三大地区经济增长的贡献顺序都是东部、中部、西部,并且年际变化不大,技术进步的贡献高于技术效率的贡献,并且东部高于中部,中部高于西部。  相似文献   

11.
This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.  相似文献   

12.
Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.  相似文献   

13.
En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.  相似文献   

14.
NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.  相似文献   

15.
When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.  相似文献   

16.
There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.  相似文献   

17.
While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.  相似文献   

18.
This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.  相似文献   

19.
Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.  相似文献   

20.
This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.  相似文献   

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