国际企业人力资源管理研究述评

随着全球化的发展,当前人力资源管理的研究已经由国内人力资源转向国际人力资源。人力资源管理理论的内涵具有深层次的文化内涵,文化差异是国际企业人力资源不可回避的重要问题。在人力资源竞争日益激烈的今天,国际企业人力资源管理应该将研究的重点应放在强调消除文化差异的消极影响,提高企业的综合竞争力。     

企业人力资源集约化管理策略实施

<正>人力资源对企业的生存与发展起着至关重要的作用。随着市场竞争的加剧,企业只有不断提高人力资源管理水平,实施人力资源集约化管理,才能有效应对市场变化,提高核心竞争力。然而,目前在人力资源集约化管理过程中,部分企业在组织架构、文化差异、技术应用等方面仍存在诸多问题。本文分析了企业人力资源集约化管理的意义、内容、存在的问题及应对策略,旨在提高企业的人力资源管理水平,推动企业实现可持续发展。     

汽车销售公司人力资源管理的调查与研究--以烟台吉安汽车（上海大众）销售有限公司为例

随着我国经济在经济全球一体化的大环境下不断快速的发展,人力资源逐渐显现出它的重要性。人力资源管理已经成为企业管理的重要方面,也是关乎企业生存与战略发展的关键所在。人力资源的开发利用是一个国家提高国际竞争力和繁荣经济的关键因素,是社会经济增长的重要源泉。为此,笔者综合整理了国内关于人力资源管理的理论成果,对人力资源管理进行了系统性思考。     

石油企业的战略人力资源管理

人力资源是企业最重要的资源。石油企业在建立现代企业制度的过程中,要实施自己的人力资源管理的竞争力,必须彻底打破原有的用人制度,建立新的人力资源管理机制,最大限度地发挥人力资源的作用,这是提升企业人力资源管理竞争力的关键,如何彻底改变计划经济体制遗留下来的消极人力资源管理的被动状态。进一步吸引人才、培养人才和科学使用人才,是石油企业快速构筑人力资源管理竞争力面临的挑战性课题。     

烟草企业人力资源管理现状及提升策略研究

改革开放以来，烟草行业取得了很大的发展，但是仍面临着国际控烟组织经营压力和国外烟草巨头的竞争压力，内部人力资源管理稍微落后，在人才实力逐渐成为企业核心竞争力的新时代，烟草企业人力资源管理完善与否，对于企业的发展至关重要。此文从人力资源管理概念和意义出发，结合烟草企业人力资源发展现状，为其优化人力资源管理提出相应策略。     

国有企业人力资源管理中的激励机制研究

有效地人力资源管理是国有企业提高经济效益、增强国际竞争力的必要手段。本文根据现行国有企业的特点，从人力资源管理的角度来探讨企业的激励机制，这在理论和实践上都具有重要意义。     

企业人力资源战略管理探析

企业人力资源战略管理,是提升企业的竞争力和寻求培植并保持企业竞争优势的有效途径。本文探讨了企业人力资源战略管理和设计问题。着重从人力资源战略管理理念,实施企业“领导力量”的培养战略,开展科学的绩效评估,实施高效的人力资源激励机制,实施人力资源的风险性管理等方面分析了实施人力资源战略管理,拓展企业核心竞争力的途径问题。     

探索当前企业国际化进程中人力资源管理的问题和对策

经济全球化的发展要求我国企业提高国际竞争力,中小企业在我国经济发展中起着重要作用。在国际化发展局势下,中小型企业在人力资源管理方面出现了一系列问题。本文探讨了中国企业国际化进程中企业人力资源管理的影响因素,分析了国际化进程中我国人力资源管理遇到的各种挑战,在提出人力资源管理问题的同时,列出了一些企业如何进行人力资源优化的建议。     

强化国际工程项目人力资源管理的探讨

文章通过分析国际工程项目人力资源管理中存在的主要问题,提出加强国际工程项目人力资源管理的措施及对策,从而有效地开发和管理人力资源,激发和提升人力资源的活力和潜力,不断提高国际工程项目管理的市场竞争力。     

文化企业核心竞争力探析

文化企业核心竞争力是文化企业保持持续竞争优势的关键,也是我国文化产业跨越式发展和迎接国际文化市场竞争挑战的迫切要求。必须通过深化文化体制改革、培育市场主体、推进内容创新和管理创新以及加强人力资源能力建设等措施,大力培育和提升我国文化企业的核心竞争力。     

Creating social capital in MNCs: the international human resource management challenge

Social capital has assumed a critical role in the successful implementation of global strategy for multinational companies (MNCs). The article focuses on the ways in which the international human resource management (IHRM) system and those responsible for it influence the creation and utilisation of social capital in MNCs. It examines the challenges posed to IHRM by the wide diversity of definitions and manifestations of social capital found in the multiple cultural contexts of the global business environment and provides a framework on how to approach the cultural influences on the definitions and behavioural expressions of social capital. It also critically assesses the recommendations that have been made regarding developing social capital in MNCs, the competencies most critical to the ability to develop social capital in multiple cultural settings, and provides a set of recommendations for future research in this area.     

A theory-based framework for strategic global human resource staffing policies and practices

As multinational enterprises increasingly globalize their operations, managing international human resources strategically becomes a critical factor contributing to overall organizational performance. The strategic management of international human resources has received extensive attention, focusing on staffing issues related to expatriate assignments. However, empirical findings indicate limited success of expatriation as an effective method for managing the breadth of international human resource opportunities. As market opportunities increasingly shift to countries with high cultural distance from the parent organization and as organizations evolve their strategic orientation from multinational to global activities, it appears that an exclusive reliance on expatriation-based staffing will impede effective management of international human resources staffing. The objective of this article is to review and clarify a theory base that can support a range of international human resource staffing systems that might be implemented in a global environment. This discussion uses the combined perspective of agency and expectancy theories and discusses conditions under which specific strategic staffing choices might be most effective.     

An integrative framework of strategic international human resource management

The globalization of business is making it more important than ever to understand how multinational enterprises (MNEs) can operate more effectively. A major component of this understanding appears to be the field of human resource management and, in particular, the field of international human resource management (Brewster, 1991; Hendry, 1992; Desatnick and Bennett, 1978; Dowling, 1986; Dowling and Schuler, 1990; Evans, 1986; Evans, 1989; Laurent, 1986; Tung, 1984). The trend over the past few years has been to identify the linkage of human resource management with strategy and offer an understanding of how single country or domestic human resource management can facilitate organizational understanding and effectiveness (Wright and McMahan, 1992). In this article we attempt to extend this line of work into the international arena. We do this by offering a framework of strategic international human resource management (SIHRM). Anchoring SIHRM in the strategic components of MNEs, namely their interunit linkages and internal operations, strategic aspects of international human resource management are described. Using several theoretical bases, numerous propositions are offered. These propositions reflect the single and multiple influence of the strategic components of MNEs and several exogenous and endogenous factors on SIHRM. The intention is to offer a framework that can serve both academics and practitioners in furthering our understanding of strategic international human resource management.     

A social institutionalist perspective on HR diffusion: historical and cultural receptivity to HRM in a post-communist context

This research considers cross-national diffusion of international human resource management (IHRM) ideas and practices by applying an emergent frame of sociological conceptualisation – ‘social institutionalism’ (SI). We look at cultural filters to patterns of diffusion, assimilation and adoption of IHRM, using Romania as a case study. The paper considers the former Communist system of employment relations, suggesting that through institutionalisation former ways of thinking have a residual influence on definitions and practice of people management in post-Communist Eastern Europe. The paper provides a new perspective on HRM by discussing the value of SI as a general model for understanding cross-cultural receptivity to HR ideas, sensitising the HR practitioner and academic to institutionalised culture as a historical legacy influencing absorption of international management ideas.     

Meeting the Challenges of Effective International HRM: Analysis of the Antecedents of Global Mindset

The full force of globalization has hit today's organizations, and it is clear that there are many cultural and human problems. International human resource management (IHRM) is being asked to better understand and develop multinational organizational leaders to meet the challenges. A prominent solution that is receiving increased attention is the construct of global mindset, which has growing rhetoric but little research support. To help fill this need, after first theoretically framing global mindset as made up of one's cultural intelligence and global business orientation, this study identifies and empirically tests some theory‐driven antecedents. Utilizing a diverse sample (N = 136) of global leaders of a well‐known multinational, we found that personal, psychological, and role complexity antecedents were related to the participants' level of global mindset. The practical implications of these findings for effective international human resource management conclude the article. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Extending strategic international human resource management research and pedagogy to the non-profit multinational

This article calls for the inclusion of multinational non-profit organizations in the research and pedagogy of strategic international human resource management. Multinational non-profit enterprise is increasingly influential, both economically and philosophically, as economic and socio-cultural boundaries become more interdependent. Yet the multinational non-profit sector has been ignored by international human resource management scholars. When research and pedagogy overlook practice, a concern exists with regard to their relevance. By outlining the international development of multinational non-profit enterprise, the article contextualizes strategic international human resource management in multinational intermediate private aid and development agencies. Analysis of a particular example, World Vision Australia, illustrates the discussion.     

Towards a cross-cultural framework of strategic international human resource control: the case of Taiwanese high-tech subsidiaries in the USA

Due to the growing expansion of newly emerging multinational companies (MNCs) in the USA market, it seems pertinent to explore how to manage their Western industrialized subsidiaries in terms of human resource management. This study combines the institutionalism, resource dependence perspective, and control theory to provide an integrative framework in an attempt to investigate the cross-cultural determinants of strategic international human resource control over MNCs' subsidiaries. By a qualitative analysis of 10 Taiwanese top high-tech manufacturing companies operating in the USA, our findings are as follow: In order to perform subsidiary's value-added activities, multinationals need to identify the value and capabilities need for these activities. At the same time, subsidiaries also need to compare the cultural advantage of the home country in terms of these activities. In addition, from the perspective of cross-cultural influence, input control is designed to respond to high integration and high adaptation; output control is executed in the case of low integration and high cultural adaptation; while behavioural control is used to respond to high integration and low adaptation, simultaneously in the case of low value of subsidiary's activities.     

The challenge of international human resource management: balancing the duality of strategy and practice

Over the last two decades there has been an unprecedented increase in the number of organizations that have internationalized their operations. The international movement of labour that has been concomitant with such expansion of international business has meant that issues associated with the management of human resources across international borders are increasingly important to international human resource managers and academics. The research presented in this paper examines international human resource management (IHRM) pedagogy and practice in Australia. It reports IHRM academicians' and practitioners' understanding of the major issues for teaching and practice in IHRM and elucidates current developments and directions for this field.     

An investigation into international assignment directions of R&D MNE employees: evidence from Greece

In this study, we explore the effects of the roles of research and development (R&D) laboratories, roles of subsidiaries and level of technological intensity of the sector in which multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries operate on international assignment directions of R&D employees. International assignments are an underinvestigated issue in the international human resource management literature despite its significant research and managerial importance. In particular, to the best of our knowledge, no prior research on international assignments of R&D employees has been undertaken and so the current study aims at filling this void in the literature. Based on a large quantitative research on MNE subsidiaries operating in Greece, the findings suggest that variables of the aforementioned categories of factors influence different international assignment directions, with roles of the R&D subsidiary exerting the most crucial effect. Researchers may examine the unexplored issue of R&D employee international assignments to a larger extent, while MNE management can particularly take into account the micro (laboratory) context of R&D international assignees when developing effective international human resource management programmes.     

论网络条件下企业资金流程的控制模式

现代社会是信息的社会。信息是重要的经济资源、无形的经济财富。没有信息资源的开发、利用,管理的现代化、科学化就无从谈起。而信息化作为企业参与国际竞争与合作的重要条件,对于提高企业资金管理水平,增强市场竞争力起着重要作用。互联网的虚拟性、快捷性、动态性、开放性和无国界限,使网络会计的实施和发展成为可能。在网络条件下,会计工作对企业资金流程的控制模式发生了根本性的改变,借助互联网可以对企业资金流程实施有效的控制。