An excessive development of green products?

This paper examines firms’ incentives to develop a new (green) product, which might compete against the pollutant (brown) good that they traditionally sell. We show that in equilibrium more than one firm might develop a green product, but such an equilibrium outcome is not necessarily efficient. In particular, we predict an excessive amount of green goods under certain conditions, namely, when the green product is extremely clean but both products are not sufficiently differentiated in their attributes, and when the green product is not significantly cleaner than the brown good. We finally provide policies that help regulatory authorities promote equilibrium outcomes yielding the highest social welfare.     

Environmental visibility: a trigger of green organizational response?

This paper develops a typology of visibility in an environmental context. Although visibility has been neglected and ill defined in contemporary environmental management research, environmental visibility can be a useful construct for predicting green organizational response. As such, it might prove a useful tool for environmental management researchers, policy‐makers and business strategists. The paper derives a conceptual typology of visibility from previous organizational theory research. Visibility is considered both as a characteristic of an organization and as a characteristic of an issue, and at both the corporate and operating unit levels. Data collected in a recent series of interviews in 24 business units in UK PLCs are analysed to provide examples of the types of visibility in an environmental context. The resultant environmental visibility typology is used to discuss the relationship between environmental visibility and green organizational responses. This study's findings suggest that considering environmental visibility as a predictor of green organizational response should be fruitful for future empirical research, and useful for policy‐makers and business strategists. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Are entrepreneurial foreign activities of Peruvian SMNEs influenced by international certifications, corporate social responsibility and green management?

Given the crucial role of entrepreneurial foreign activity as a source of corporate profits and competitive advantage, it is of interest to investigate which factors may help promote it. This paper evaluates whether entrepreneurial foreign activities of small and medium-sized multinational enterprises (SMNEs) of Latin American developing countries are affected by international certifications, corporate social responsibility and green management. To that aim, we use a sample of 100 Peruvian exporting firms from several sectors and a methodology consisting of partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results reveal that, while acquiring and holding international certifications as well as the investments carried out in actions related to corporate social responsibility do not have positive effects on the performance of entrepreneurial foreign activities of Peruvian SMNEs, green management exerts a positive influence. Therefore, environmental management is revealed as an effective tool to help firms from developing countries compete successfully in the markets and, in turn, improve the economic situation in those regions.     

Retailers’ incentives for green investment in differentiated competition channels

With increasing public environmental awareness, green activities in retail and distribution processes have become crucial tools for retailers to boost demand and enhance competitiveness. This study develops an analytical model to study the green investment choices of two differentiated retailers dealing with a common green manufacturer. It also explores the impacts of these investment choices on the manufacturer's operational decisions, channel efficiency, consumer welfare, and the environment. We derive three main results. First, the powerful retailer always favors green investments, whereas the less powerful (inferior) retailer may either prefer or avoid green investments. The fiercer the inter-retailer competition, the lower the willingness of the inferior retailer to introduce green investments. Second, although all supply chain parties may disagree on their preferences for retailers' green investments, a bilateral green investment (i.e., both retailers make green investments) can reach an incentive alignment for all firms if the differentiation between retailers is low enough and the competition between them is not substantially fierce. Moreover, a bilateral green investment improves consumer welfare and channel efficiency because of the great demand expansion and double marginalization reduction. Third, the retailers' green investments can motivate the manufacturer to produce greener products, but they do not necessarily benefit the environment. We show that the supply chain's economic sustainability aligns with its environmental sustainability only if the environmental improvement efficiency of green investments is substantially high. We further examine the impact of retailers with differentiated green investment abilities and the manufacturer's green investment efficiency to verify the robustness of the main results.     

Adopting sustainable innovation: what makes consumers sign up to green electricity?

This paper investigates what encourages consumers to adopt a green electricity tariff. When people decide to adopt an innovation, such as green electricity, they consider not only functionality, usability, costs and intended outcomes, but also what the innovation means to them, for example, the way it reflects their identity, image, memberships, values and norms. The study reviews the theoretical frameworks of innovation adoption and consumption, and cognitive and normative behaviour, relevant to consumer adoption of pro‐environmental innovations, and develops a research framework. Through focus group discussions, a questionnaire survey with 103 respondents and an interview with 10 people, the study finds that consumers sympathetic to environmental issues do not necessarily adopt green electricity. This is due to lack of strong social norms and personal relevance, inconvenience of switching, uncertainty about the quality of green electricity and lack of accurate information. The implications of these findings for strategy, policy and future research are explored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

How does green entrepreneurship affect environmental improvement? Empirical findings from 293 enterprises

Enterprises tend to change their production and emission behaviours to foster green entrepreneurship under endogenous innovation development pressure and exogenous environmental regulation. This research innovatively establishes a theoretical framework on the dual dynamic linkage of environmental regulation and green entrepreneurship. Based on the sample data of 293 thermoelectric industry enterprises during 2017–2020, this empirical research first measures green entrepreneurship with the entropy method and finds that Zhejiang has cultivated green entrepreneurship at a primary level. Green entrepreneurship witnessed growth from 2016 to 2019. The dynamic regression identification then validates the stimulatory effect of environmental regulation on green entrepreneurship cultivation through internal competitiveness enhancement. Finally, with the application of the triple difference method (DDD), this research verifies that green entrepreneurship is positive in cultivating technological innovation and significantly facilitates environmental regulation to achieve better regulation effects through overall enterprise pollution emissions, total sulfur dioxide emissions, and total nitrogen oxide emissions. It is necessary to coordinate all aspects to cultivate green entrepreneurship and green growth in the future.

     

英汉颜色词"green"和"绿色"的文化内涵对比研究

英汉语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富.不同的文化历史背景,宗教信仰,审美心理使颜色的意义产生差异.以"绿色"为切入点,阐述了色彩词语的各种文化表达和引申用法,消除英汉颜色词在实际交际中的障碍,有利于英汉两种语言之间的比较、翻译、教学和交流.     

浅析fault, defeat, falling, flaw, shortcoming

Fault, defeat, falling, flaw, shortcoming,这组词(n．)都指人或物在某方面有缺陷，不够完善，以faulI和defeat为常用。     

唉,ISP,ISP,ISP……

上因特网,必然要通过电话。众多客户都打这一个或几个电话,占线必不可免。看起来,半个小时上不了网,怨网络服务公司似乎不公平。不过,用户不这么看。市场上的所谓淘汰,并不是哪家企业挤垮你,而是你的服务不能令用户满意,不管什么原因,用户就改换门庭,门庭冷落了你不被淘汰才怪。这就是市场的公平原则。     

国有,三资,股份,集体,私营产品质量依次递减

每季度的国家质量监督抽查结果又如期发布了。国家质技监局监督司公布的结果表明,第3季度产品质量抽查显示出7大特点。 一是大型企业产品质量抽查合格率较高。本季度大型企业的产品抽样合格率为97.0％,比本季度平均抽样合格率高出18.0个百分点。 二是国有、三资、股份、集体、私营(含休体)企业产品质量抽样合格率依出呈递减排列。它们分别是86.7％、85.2％、81.6％、73.1％和60.1％。其中私营(含个体)企业的产品抽样合格率比平均合格率低18.9个百分点。     

要闻,数字,动态

新《中华人民共和国预算法》出台不久前，十二届全国人大常委会第十次会议表决通过了修改后的《中华人民共和国预算法》，自2015年1月1日起施行。修改后的预算法在明确立法宗旨、细化全口径预算管理制度、预算公开制度、赋予地方政府优先发债券、以及完善预算审查、监督、强化预算责任等方面都有明显进步，突显未来全面规范、透明预算、提高效率的预算制度改革方向。新预算法的出台是国家法律制度建设的一项重要成果，更是财政制度建设具有里程碑意义的一件大事，标志着我国加快建立全国规范、公开透明的现代预算制度迈出了坚实的一步。     

不满,好奇,活着

童年特征：好奇心企业表现：学习、激情、探索创业精神：创新能力、必胜信念、甘冒风险他们是一群顽皮的孩子,从来没有对失败的恐惧,总是要尝试冒险,他们在不断地学习,乐观,单纯。——东软《童年》