An empirical examination of the use of bargaining power and its impacts on supply chain financial performance

This study empirically examines how benefits of resource dependence may be bargained away by supply chain finance (SCF) costs incurred to upstream suppliers and downstream buyers through cash conversion cycles. We found that a focal firm may get compensated for its resource contribution with an extra share of the financial gains by using the superior bargaining position over its supply chain partners. Nevertheless, the focal firm may proactively restrain its use of bargaining power when the need for cooperative relationship with its supply chain partners prevails. Managerial and research implications for the introduction of power theory and relation theory to the SCF studies are discussed.     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.     

Strategic supply and the management of inter- and intra-organisational relationships

As companies attempt to shed old habits and begin to view procurement as a strategic resource from which a competitive advantage can be gained, there is a great deal of corporate baggage that must be shed. More importantly, there is a new mindset that must be instilled both in procurement and across the firm. Strategic supply symbolizes the importance of enterprise wide thinking where functional units inside the firm and key suppliers from the firm's supply chain all work in concert to bring value to the marketplace. This paper presents data from the US and the UK that helps us better understand and address issues that are key to managing across independent supply chain partners. We also address some of the barriers to implementing such a supply strategy. These barriers exist inside the firm as well as between the firms at its key suppliers. Whilst we acknowledge that progress is being made, however the data suggest that the journey is far from over.     

考虑责任违规中断的负责任采购博弈

随着全球供应链的发展,供应商过程违规越来越成为供应中断的常见原因。为改善过程合规性,很多跨国公司已经在全球范围内,尤其是发展中国家实施负责任采购。针对供应商-采购方过程行为建模内生化责任违规中断风险,构建采购方和风险供应商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究订货比例、成本结构等对决策产生的影响。通过比较静态分析发现,在责任违规中断风险下,即使跨国公司的订单占比较小,风险供应商也有动力不断提高合规水平直至完全合规。这说明跨国公司可通过游说当地政府提高对过程违规行为的监管和惩罚,以此激励风险供应商提高合规努力。     

零售企业供应链成本控制研究

文章首先对供应链进行了概述,介绍了供应链成本控制的内涵,结合沃尔玛供应链成本控制的实例,以供应链的三个环节:供应商、零售企业内部及零售企业与消费者环节为成本控制的切入点提出相应的成本控制策略。     

Do the barriers of multi-tier sustainable supply chain interact? A multi-sector examination using resource-based theory and resource-dependence theory

In a geographically dispersed multi-tiered supply chain, managing sustainable practices throughout the entire upstream network is increasingly challenging for the lead firm. But often, it is the lead firm that is held responsible for the lack of non-sustainable practices by any of its suppliers in the network. This can potentially damage the reputation of the lead firm. Moreover, complex inter-relationship among multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MSSCM) barriers tends to constrain the cascading of sustainability. Consequently, the strategies in overcoming the MSSCM barriers show limited impact. Thus, exploring the mutual interaction among MSSCM barriers is crucial as removing one barrier can intensify or diminish the effect of another barrier. This research unpacks the intra-firm, inter-firm, and contingency barriers for multi-tiered supplier network. A grey-based multi-criterion decision-making approach is adopted in establishing mutual relationships among MSSCM barriers. In addition, a combined resource-based theory and resource-dependence theory supports the theoretical anchoring. The MSSCM barriers are studied for supply networks which involve three lead firms, five tier-one suppliers, and ten lower-tier suppliers selected from automobile, beverage, and home appliances industries. The research provides a granularity of the MSSCM barriers’ by analysing the meaningful relationship at the individual tier-firm level and aggregated level.     

分销商主导的供应链利润分配探析

现代服务业尤其是现代零售业的飞速发展,分销商在市场竞争中扮演着越来越重要的角色,甚至开始在某些领域充当渠道领袖的角色。分销商占据主导地位时,本文运用博弈理论可得只有分销商与制造商合作才能使总渠道利润最大,并根据企业重要程度和企业所承担风险的综合优化模式来分配供应链利润。     

Improving resilience of the healthcare supply chain in a pandemic: Evidence from Europe during the COVID-19 crisis

The severe scarcity of critical medical supplies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to considerable procurement challenges in the healthcare supply chain (HCSC). As ensuring the availability of such supplies during disruptions is critical, the debate on how to increase supply chain resilience in healthcare has gained new momentum. We present empirical evidence from a multi-tier case study spanning nine European medical supplies manufacturers and hospital groups. Based on the resource dependence theory, we investigated procurement-related strategies to improve medical supplies availability. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 39 procurement and supply chain management experts and derived seven propositions on buffering and bridging approaches for managing evolving resource dependencies and thereby strengthening supply chain resilience in a pandemic. Overall, we confirm the resource dependence theory's applicability for explaining companies' mitigation measures in a pandemic disruption. We find that bridging measures within the healthcare supply base, such as offering procurement support for suppliers or leveraging long-term buyer-supplier relationships, are more effective for securing medical supplies than buffering measures. Complementing bridging with buffering, such as extended upstream procurement or resource sharing among hospitals, can lead to superior risk mitigation as capacities of the present supplier base may not suffice. Furthermore, we extend the resource dependence theory by showing that the severity of disruptions caused by a pandemic triggers new forms of buffering external to the HCSC. Both traditional and new buffering measures establish novel flows of medical supplies in the HCSC that can enable higher supply security in a pandemic.     

供应链中的机制问题研究

供应链管理的思想近年来日益得到企业的关注和接受。被认为是企业增强竞争力的重要途径。其内涵是从企业内部物流职能间的协调扩大到跨职能和跨企业组织边界的协调，尤其是包括生产商，供应商，分销商，零售商以及运输，信息及其它物流服务供应商为一体的管理，为企业增加利益提供了机遇，但要将机遇转化成现实，就必须要有一系列相应的机制保障供应链的顺利进行，本文就从这一现实要求出发，讨论了供应链中存在的几个相对重要的机制问题，如协调机制，信任机制，信息共享机制，激励机制，利益分配机制等，并指出供应链中的机制问题是保障供应链得以正常运行的核心问题。     

炼油企业上游供应链信息共享模型与价格契约设计

利用博弈理论,建立炼油企业上游供应链信息共享模型,得出合理的价格契约设计是炼油企业改善信息共享环境的动力,这对于炼油企业和原油供应商双方都十分有利,更有利于提高供应链的竞争力。     

基于网状供应链定价的逆向牛鞭效应研究

关于牛鞭效应的研究大多是基于订单信息的由供应链下游向上游传导的研究，而对于供应链资金流中的价格波动的反向放大传导机制是一个被忽略的领域。文章根据经济学的最优化原理结合序贯博弈模型，以企业成本定价为基础，建立网状结构的供应链定价模型．分析了供应链中上游采购价格波动对下游零售价格的影响，进一步界定了确定性需求条件下，价格的逆向牛鞭效应产生的条件。     

基于DEA方法的供应商选择评价研究

供应商的供应绩效对采购企业的影响越来越大,因此如何正确评价供应商从而进行有效选择成为企业降低成本、提高效率从而获得市场竞争力的关键所在。论文分析了数据包络分析在解决供应商选择评价问题上具有突出的优点,并建立了供应商选择评价指标体系,给出了各评价指标的具体计算方法。随后,基于企业的实际情况,应用数据包络分析对公司的供应商进行选择评价。     

Supply chain collaboration: Impact on collaborative advantage and firm performance

Facing uncertain environments, firms have strived to achieve greater supply chain collaboration to leverage the resources and knowledge of their suppliers and customers. The objective of the study is to uncover the nature of supply chain collaboration and explore its impact on firm performance based on a paradigm of collaborative advantage. Reliable and valid instruments of these constructs were developed through rigorous empirical analysis. Data were collected through a Web survey of U.S. manufacturing firms in various industries. The statistical methods used include confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (i.e., LISREL). The results indicate that supply chain collaboration improves collaborative advantage and indeed has a bottom-line influence on firm performance, and collaborative advantage is an intermediate variable that enables supply chain partners to achieve synergies and create superior performance. A further analysis of the moderation effect of firm size reveals that collaborative advantage completely mediates the relationship between supply chain collaboration and firm performance for small firms while it partially mediates the relationship for medium and large firms.     

供货方管理库存系统成功运作的条件分析

在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天．越来越多的企业认识到供应链管理对提高自身竞争力的重要性。基于供应链的供货方管理库存（VMI）系统作为一种有效的补货机制,能对零售渠道的需求信息做出积极正确的反应,能提高供应链整体的运作效率。但是,供货方管理库存系统的运作是一个复杂的过程,在这个过程中,许多因素将影响它的成功运作。在论文中．我们主要从以下四个方面对VMI系统成功运作的条件进行分析：（1）上下游企业战略的高度一致;（2）必要的信息技术支持;（3）良好的第三方物流平台;（4）合理的风险防范机制。     

Sustainable supply chain management and partner engagement to manage climate change information

Climate change poses significant new risks and challenges for businesses and their supply chains. Additionally, in many sectors, Scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the sourcing and distribution of goods and services are larger than firms' own carbon footprints. Here we study how firms engage their key stakeholders in their supply chains in obtaining, processing, and transferring relevant climate change‐related information designed to overcome information asymmetry and drive sustainable development. Grounded in organisational information‐processing theory (OIPT), we draw on data from the Carbon Disclosure Project's Climate Change Supply Chain initiative for a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of global firms. Consistent with OIPT, we find that although firms primarily engage their supply chain partners in a variety of ways to reduce information uncertainty around indirect emissions data, effectively interpreting and managing broader sustainability information equivocality becomes a growing priority. Our findings further suggest that firms engage suppliers, customers, and other supply chain partners through basic, transactional, and collaborative types of engagement. We contribute to literatures on interorganisational information processing and sustainable supply chain management by providing a more detailed understanding of how firms engage supply chain partners in the context of climate change.     

Investigating effects of organisational culture and learning on environmental collaboration and performance of Korean exporting firms

This paper presents an empirical study of the effect of organisational culture and learning capability factors on environmental collaboration and performance in green supply chains. A conceptual model and variables were derived from organisational culture, learning, and collaboration theory and tested with Korean exporting firms. Learning capability was found to positively affect environmental collaboration as staff behaviour, attitudes and learning about environmental practices in a focal firm can be increased from suppliers and customers and then disseminated internally. Further, environmental collaboration was found to positively affect environmental performance due to a focal firm sharing these learned capabilities about the environment with other supply chain partners. However, organisational culture was not found to positively affect environmental collaboration. The findings suggest firms can improve environmental capabilities and performance through shared learning with supply chain partners and ensuring they are internally disseminated in the focal organisation.     

传统企业新零售转型策略、特色路径与关键研究——以宁波太平鸟有限公司为例

论文选取中国服饰行业新零售转型路径的典型企业——宁波太平鸟公司为研究对象,针对其以消费者为中心进行新零售模式转型与创新这一主题进行案例分析。研究发现,太平鸟的新零售转型策略特色路径是通过数据智能化、线上线下一体化、供应链网络化和品牌潮流化的“四化”,对零售的人、货、场进行重构,其关键是进行数据、场景、渠道和价值的“四个转变”,最终形成商品力、零售力、供应力和协同力的“四力”。     

基于DEA理论的供应商绩效评价选择研究

供应链管理是降低成本以提供更多产品与更好服务的有效方法。其中如何对供应商进行有效选择成为企业获得市场竞争力的关键。文中在供应链管理的角度对供应商进行选择,建立合理的评价指标体系,采用DEA方法对供应商进行绩效评价。最后的实例分析证明该方法是可行的。     

大型零售企业与供应商合作关系演进——基于渠道关系生命周期视角

本研究以关系生命周期理论为分析工具,构建了大型零售企业与供应商合作关系演进构念模型,探究了大型零售企业与供应商合作关系演进轨迹,并结合案例对零供合作关系不同生命周期阶段所呈现的特征进行了深入分析。本研究对改善目前国内零售企业与供应商的关系,引导零售企业和供应商更健康的发展,有典型的参考价值与普适的借鉴意义。     

An econometric model of a retail firm

Existing models of retail resource allocation generally specify response functions in a somewhat ad hoc manner. These are not usually derived from an explicit model of consumer maximization, and they generally do not explicitly consider the supply side of the market. This paper shows how the model of Ehrlich and Fisher (1982) can be used to provide insights into the proper specification of these functions. We illustrate the application of this model on data from a retail chain; our application extends work in Ratchford and Stoops (1988) to the demand side of the market. Potential areas of application of the model are to understanding the demand for labor and advertising services by consumers, and to the measurement of retail productivity.