军事物流技术对现代后勤保障的影响

去年的伊拉克战争给我们留下了许多值得深思和关注的地方。其中有一点，那就是美军为何能够在如此短时间内完成大量军需物资的快速集结?又是如何将这些堆积如山的军用物资进行周转、运输和分发的?笔者想美军除了拥有精良的装备、雄厚的实力外，还有另外一个重要因素，那就是美军拥有现代化的军事物流技术。     

基于现代物流技术的装备精确保障

伊拉克战争之前,美英联军利用战略海空运输力量从美国本土和欧洲基地向海湾运送了大量的装备和物资,建立和加强了在科威特、卡塔尔、巴林等国的仓储中心,形成了辐射伊拉克各战区的装备保障系统,在现代信息技术支持下,美军利用现代物流技术,实现了保障系统的无缝链接,精确地保障了战争需要。这种精确保障的装备保障方式对我军在未来高技术战争中实现装备的“保障有力”,有着重要的借鉴和启示。 一、现代物流技术是 精确保障的基础 1.精确保障的概念和特征。 20世纪80年代以来,信息技术在军事领域得到广泛运用,武器装备实现了物质、能量、信息…     

对我军装备物流建设的几点思考

装备物流建设是我军面临的一项重要课题，其系统发展将直接影响我军现代化建设进程。本文首先分析了装备物流的地位、作用及美军主要军事物流理论．其次分析了我军装备物流建设中存在的问题并介绍了美军的物流现状，最后针对问题,提出了一些建议。     

美军战略投送公路装卸装备发展现状及趋势研究

美军在公路装卸装备体系建设方面发展相对我军超前,因此对美军公路装卸装备体系建设的研究对我军具有一定的指导及启示意义。文章从美军公路保障装备发展现状分析入手,总结美军公路装卸装备的发展特点及趋势,并提出对我军的指导意义。     

唐山机器人产业基地发展现状及对策研究

机器人产业是继互联网、移动通信之后的又一战略性新兴产业,目前已经得到我国各级政府的高度重视。机器人是能够进行编程控制,并自动执行工作的智能机器装备。机器人产业是以智能机器装备为核心的技术研发、产品制造、市场服务和与之相关联的产业集合。美国《福布斯》杂志预测,未来的机器人和其相关联的产业将超过互联网产业。发达国家凭借其控制机器人产业的坚实基础和领先优势,已经在机器人标准制定、核心技术研发、创新产品应用以及公共服务平台建设等方面抢占了先机。     

运输绞车提升系统改造及应用

随着全国煤矿安全形势的不断提高,对煤矿装备要求越来越高。矿井运输绞车是矿山最重要的设备之一,通过对淘汰的老式绞车进行技术改造,既节约了资源,又缓解了需求矛盾。本文主要是对运输绞车由抱闸改为盘型制动器机械部分,做了详细说明,希望可以对实际作业过程中的运输绞车提升系统改造提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

关于美军装备物资唯一识别的研究与思考

通过对美军装备物资唯一识别管理的研究,总结了美军应用唯一识别管理系统实现装备物资的全程跟踪、贮存管理、维修保障以及物资的可追溯性的一些做法,同时,针对我军装备物资管理工作现状,提出了我军改善装备物资唯一识别管理和提高军事物流工作效率的几点启示。     

美军装备战备完好性管理研究

美军装备管理的主要目标就是时刻保持在役装备高水平的战备完好性。本文从美军战备完好性的定义和内涵入手,研究了装备管理过程中战备完好性评定和战备完好性提高的基本情况,对于推进我军装备建设和改革具有借鉴意义。     

装备软件成本估算研究动态综述

文章分别从国内外民用软件业软件成本估算的研究现状、美军武器装备成本费用估算相关研究成果以及我军装备软件成本估算研究工作实际三方面入手对装备软件成本估算的研究动态作了较为细致的跟踪和分析,旨在让读者对装备软件成本估算的研究现状有更为系统和深入的认识。     

美军试验鉴定风险管理的现状及启示

目前我国的装备试验鉴定处于起步发展阶段,对装备试验鉴定的风险管理的认识有助于装备试验鉴定顺利实施。本文通过介绍美军试验鉴定风险管理的历史沿革和发展现状;研究美军的经验做法对我军装备试验鉴定提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

Technical efficiency in texas nursing facilities: A stochastic production frontier approach

A rapidly aging U. S. population is straining the resources available for long term care and increasing the urgency of efficient operations in nursing homes. The scope for productivity improvements can be examined by estimating a stochastic frontier production function. We apply the methods of maximum likelihood and quantile regression to a panel of Texas nursing facilities and infer that the average productivity shortfall due to avoidable technical inefficiency is at least 8 percent and perhaps as large as 20 percent. Non-profit facilities are notably less productive than comparable facilities operated for profit, and the industry has constant returns to scale.     

Gasoline prices,transport costs,and the U.S. business cycles

The effects of gasoline prices on the U.S. business cycles are investigated. In order to distinguish between gasoline supply and gasoline demand shocks, the price of gasoline is endogenously determined through a transportation sector that uses gasoline as an input of production. The model is estimated for the U.S. economy using five macroeconomic time series, including data on transport costs and gasoline prices. The results show that although standard shocks in the literature (e.g., technology shocks, monetary policy shocks) have significant effects on the U.S. business cycles in the long run, gasoline supply and demand shocks play an important role in the short run.     

Analysis and forecast of donations at domestic hunger relief organizations impacted by natural disasters

Food banks are non-profit, charitable organizations that distribute food and products to people in need. Food bank facilities become disaster relief centers after natural disasters. The uncertainty associated with the arrival of donations and demand make the planning and operations of food banks challenging during the disaster relief period. The goal of this research is to analyse and forecast the amount of donations received by food bank facilities in the U.S. when operating as disaster relief centers. This paper analyses the donations received by two food bank facilities affected by Hurricane Harvey in 2017. An extensive numerical study is performed that compares the donation behavior at each facility before and after the hurricane event. Multiple forecasting models are evaluated to determine their accuracy in predicting the observed behavior. The results show that under disaster operations, the best performing techniques for both food banks were smoothing techniques (i.e., CMA and Holt) and econometric models.     

A causal model for the development of long-term facilities: a case in Taiwan

Elder care is an important issue in many developed countries such as U.S., Japan, and Taiwan. With the advent of population aging throughout the world, the development of long-term care facilities has become a very vital topic. In actuality, long-term care systems involve government oversight agencies as well as interaction between factors such as laws, social environment, culture, long-term care facilities, residents, and the families of residents, forming a complex and dynamic system. This paper uses system dynamics methodology to model the developmental structure of Taiwanese long-term care facilities to explore its system behaviors. The developmental structure of long-term care facilities in Taiwan is primarily composed of the four levels: overall satisfaction, overall service quality, the skill of administrative and medical care personnel and facility hardware resources. Time delay, complex, and dynamic relationships are present in the overall structure. The overall service quality of facilities is one of the most important factors in facilities’ development and that the skills of administrative and medical care personnel is the main critical factor in improving overall service quality. Finally, some suggestions are discussed relevant strategies for the government and the industry.     

Allocating U.S. Department of Homeland Security funds to States with explicit equity, population and energy facility security criteria

Allocation of funds to states and local governments by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been challenged for relying too heavily on the U.S. Patriot Act formula that contains set-asides for each state. Yet, DHS's recent efforts to include more vulnerability/risk information have been criticized for lacking transparency. Using only off-the-shelf data and an off-the-shelf optimization model, which is a compromise between politically grounded formulas and complex analyses supported by massive data manipulations, the authors maximize need (defined and represented here as funds to protect electrical-generating capacity) subject to explicit constraints based on political equity and population size but introduce risk-related criteria as well in the form of ease of securing the facilities and public perception of risk. The model results closely approximate the DHS allocations at the state level when electricity generation and its retail price are maximized subject to moderate set-asides for political equity and population size. The advantages of this approach are that the results are transparent and sensitivity analysis is relatively easy to do. The advantages and disadvantages of the approach presented here are compared with more sophisticated alternatives.     

Capacity Investment under Demand Uncertainty: The Role of Imports in the U.S. Cement Industry

Demand uncertainty is thought to influence irreversible capacity decisions. Suppose that local demand can be sourced from domestic (rigid) production or from (flexible) imports. This paper shows that the optimal domestic capacity is either increasing or decreasing with demand uncertainty, depending on the relative level of the costs of domestic production and imports. We test this relationship with data from the U.S. cement industry, in which the difference in marginal cost between domestic production and imports varies across local U.S. markets because cement is costly to transport over land. Industry data for 1999 to 2010 are consistent with the predictions of the model. The introduction of two technologies to the production set—one rigid and one flexible—is crucial to understanding the relationship between capacity choice and uncertainty in this industry because there is no relationship between these two variables in aggregated U.S. data. Our analysis reveals that the relationship is negative in coastal districts, and significantly more positive in landlocked districts.     

唐钢南厂区铁路运输与仓储设施的改造

对唐钢南厂区运输与仓储设施存在的问题进行了分析和总结。针对存在的不足,按照厂内运输系统优化的原则,从铁路站场改造、扩大仓储能力以及铁路运输设备重载化、专用化等方面提出运输方案及改造措施并实施,从而增强了唐钢南厂区的运输能力,提高了产品发运的物流服务水平。     

Economic and fiscal impact analysis of energy development projects: Coal liquefaction in the Illinois Basin

This paper addresses the problem of anticipating the local economic, demographic and fiscal impacts occurring from the siting of coal liquefaction facilities in the Illinois Basin. This region (primarily western Kentucky) will contain some of the most ambitious liquefaction projects in the U.S., yet no comprehensive method for the estimation of these impacts currently exists. It is suggested that the solution might lie with the development of an integrated econometric impact evaluation model. The potential economic, demographic and fiscal impacts of these projects are also described, preliminary analyses using existing economic impact assessment methods are presented, and certain policy analysis applications are highlighted.     

Improving accessibility to rural health services: The maximal covering network improvement problem

Accessibility to health facilities is a critical factor in effective health treatment for people in rural areas of lesser-developed countries. In many areas accessibility is diminished by the lack of all-weather roads, making access subject to weather conditions. Location-allocation models have been used to prescribe optimal configurations of health facilities in order to maximize accessibility, but these models are based on the assumption that the underlying transport network is static and always available. Essentially, past work has ignored the potential impacts of improvements to the transport system in modeling access. In this paper we propose a model that treats the opposite side of the location/transport equation; that is, a model that treats existing facility locations as fixed and improves health service accessibility by upgrading links of the transport network to all-weather roads. This new model, called the Maximal Covering Network Improvement Problem (MC-NIP) is formulated as an integer-linear programming problem. An application of the MC-NIP model to the Suhum District of Ghana is presented, which shows that even a modest level of road improvement can lead to substantial increases in all-season access to health service.     

Physician location and distribution: a social systems approach

A social systems model of the health services system serving the state of Indiana is presented. The model specifies the causal relationships hypothesized as existing among a set of social, demographic and economic variables known to be related to the supply of health manpower and facilities. Inclusion of feedback into the model as well as lagged values of physician supply variables permits the examination of the dynamic behavior of the social system over time. Estimates of the model parameters are based on data obtained from the U.S. census, the American Medical Association's physician distribution series and the annual guide issue of Hospitals, the journal of the American Hospital Association.Methods for deriving the reduced form and the final form of the structural model are presented along with the reduced and final form equations. These equations provide valuable information for policy decisions regarding the likely consequences of changes in the structure of the population and in the supply of health manpower and facilities. The structural and reduced forms of the model have been used to examine the likely consequences of several proposed policies that would affect the delivery of health services in the state of Indiana.