城市化与可持续城市化的理论探讨

快速城市化给我国城市化的健康发展带来巨大挑战。本文从结构、过程和功能三方面分析了城市生态系统的属性,探讨了城市化的概念及其正负两方面的效应,提出了要实现可持续的城市化,必须保证城市生态系统的结构合理、过程高效、功能完善,并从这三方面讨论了可持续城市化的内涵:随着城市化进程的不断推进,城市人均生态足迹增长得到控制,城市代谢效率不断提高,居民福利不断增长。     

人力资源管理专业实践教学体系的建设

本文从人力资源管理专业的学科特点及发展现状,存在的问题及对完善人力资源管理实践体系提出相关建议三个方面进行研究,探讨建设人力资源管理专业实践教学体系。     

森林经管工作存在的问题及措施

作为陆地生态系统的主体,森林在维持区域甚至全球生态系统平衡以及对物种保护方面都有着不可代替的作用,更是为人类的发展与进步提供了多种资源。另外,森林在环境方面也会不可缺少的,所以保证森林资源的可持续发展既是环境保护的重点内容也是维持经济发展的重要任务,当前做好传统的森林经营与管理向现代林业方向发展是森林经管的关键内容。将针对森林经营与管理工作中存在的问题具体指出,并且提出相关建议,为日后森林的经营与管理工作提供指导性建议。     

肇东林业建设存在的问题及对策

在此通过对漠河县林业建设存在问题的分析,阐述了如何提高森林质量、林业产业建设及养护管理等措施,以确保我地区森林生态系统的平衡和可持续发展。     

南京老山林场森林生态系统适应性管理问题的探讨

由于气候变化的恶劣情况给森林生态系统和人类带来了很大的风险,本文在研究适应性管理的基础上,确定了老山森林生态系统建设的主要生态目标,综合分析了南京老山林场森林生态系统的功能,指出老山林场森林生态系统适应性管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了老山林场森林生态系统实施适应性管理的具体措施和相关的建议。     

我国上市公司内部控制存在标杆效应吗

本文运用标杆理论、信号理论和相关统计数据,对我国上市公司内部控制的有效性是否存在标杆效应进行了分析。我国上市公司内部控制的标杆效应主要来自三个方面:一是真实的标杆效应;二是企业自身可能对内部控制缺陷进行粉饰后的虚假标杆效应;三是审计师和会计师事务所鉴证局限性导致的虚假标杆效应。这三个方面的标杆效应促成了当前我国上市公司内部控制有效性趋同现象,并且从政府监管、实施企业和审计机构等三个方面提出了建立我国上市公司内部控制标杆效应的政策措施。     

新医改背景下秦皇岛市公立医院人力资源弹性管理研究

在深化医疗改革的大背景下,如何将新型人力资源弹性管理模式引入公立医院人力资源管理领域,充分发挥医疗人力资源的最大效用,不断提升公立医疗机构人力资源管理水平,是当前公立医院发展的重中之重。从秦皇岛市公立医疗机构着手,探讨目前秦皇岛市公立医院人力资源弹性管理存在的问题并对问题产生的原因进行剖析,从改进管理理念、强化机制设计、构建和谐劳动关系等方面着手提出提高秦皇岛市公立医院人力资源弹性管理的可行性对策,以期进一步提升公立医院人力资源弹性管理水平。     

同质企业群聚生态系统的平衡稳定与健康管理——基于管理仿生视角的探讨

同质企业群聚生态系统的平衡是种群内企业与其环境的相互关系处于一种比较协调和相对稳定状态,其平衡和稳定主要通过种内与种间竞争、种群密度的自调节和种内与种间互利合作来实现.同质企业群聚生态系统的健康管理在于合理适度的开发和利用企业生态系统,保持生态系统的健康和服务,创建和谐、高效、永续的生态系统,其健康管理的内容包括:动态性、层级性、创造性、有限性、多样性和两重性管理.     

基于生态水文学理论的西北旱区水资源管理初探

水资源是制约西北干旱区社会经济发展,影响生态环境的关键因子,对本地区未来经济社会可持续发展起着显著的作用。目前的水资源管理多集中于可见的、可以被人类直接利用的蓝水资源,忽略了绿水资源的评价和管理。绿水是维持陆地生态系统景观协调和平衡的重要水源,在维持陆地生态系统生产功能和服务功能方面有重要作用。利用生态水文学原理可以积极地保护、维持和改善自然景观,指导生态环境脆弱地区的生态环境建设与水资源管理高效正确运行。本文在遵循生态水文学理论的基础上,提出兼顾生态和经济有序共生发展的水资源管理方法,以期为西北干旱区水资源管理提供理论依据。     

中国地区间货币政策效应双重非对称性研究

本文使用二步OLS法及Markov-Switching model对货币政策效应可能存在的双重非对称性进行实证研究,发现货币政策不仅存在方向上的效应非对称性,而且存在区域间的效应非对称性.在中国,中西部地区对扩张政策反应弹性小于紧缩政策反应弹性,东部地区对紧缩政策的反应弹性小于扩张性政策的反应弹性,即东部、中部、西部地区对于同一货币政策的反应弹性不同.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.