试析建国以来我国地方性科普政策演化特征

一个国家、地区科普活动的开展有一定的目的与针对性,其开展的过程、进行的深度与广度是与这个时期的科普政策密切有关。科普政策的制定,规定了科普活动的方向与主要任务。本研究通过梳理自解放以来四川省、重庆市(直辖后)在国家宏观科普政策下所开展和推动的地方性科普活动,旨在深刻分析地方性科普政策的演变规律,为国家未来制定更具有科学性和针对性的科普政策提供可操作性的建议。     

Raising the bar (11)

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 14(2) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper deals with past and current challenges for regional science research. The second paper investigates whether people living in deprived neighbourhoods have less chance of succeeding in a job application. The third paper finds evidence that real estate firms can avoid price competition when market shares of their allies increase in the vicinity. The fourth paper is methodological: it considers a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model with heterogeneous coefficients and extensively analyzes the impact of this extension on the direct and indirect effects estimates. The fifth paper proposes an innovative method to estimate the elements of the spatial weight matrix in a spatial econometric model. The final paper is econometric–theoretical: it proposes a new generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator of the coefficients of a SAR model if the error terms are heteroskedastic of an unknown form.     

浅析我国教育科学的发展

在当今世界文化和经济的挑战下,在促进社会进步和增强国力以及人的前面成长方面教育发挥着至关重要的作用。我国的教育科学发展与中国社会发展的进程相一致,教育科学的研究也得到了充分的发展,获得了很大的成就。但与此同时,教育科学也有不完善的地方。本文通过阐述教育科学的相关概念,我国教育科学的发展历程、成就和现状分析,从而得出完善我国教育科学的措施。希望大家能为中国教育事业的发展做出贡献,也希望中国的教育科学做大做强。     

我国农业科技组织创新面临的主要问题及对策

要想从根本上解决我国农业、农村和农民问题,加快农业科技创新的步伐,实现农业现代化,关键在于农业科技组织创新。然而目前关于农业科技组织创新的研究并未引起专家、学者的重视,本文通过对我国农业科技组织创新面临的主要问题及对策进行研究,以期促进农业科技组织的创新。     

文学与科学相结合:优化河北科普传媒的途径研究

在现代社会,知识比以往任何时候都更加重要,所以科普起着至关重要的作用。近年来河北科普事业取得了长足发展,也面临着明显问题和不足。科普向来是一种多层面的社会活动,但科普研究界很少聚焦于文学。科普的目的是缩短科学家和公众的距离。大众传媒是科普的主要途径。但在市场经济的激烈竞争中,由于科普内容缺少趣味性,大众传媒的科普功能正趋于减弱。而公众对科技的需求却在日益增强。因此,科普传媒需要吸纳新的元素以提升其科普功能。由于文学具有很强的趣味性,如果和各种媒体结合,尤其是网络媒体和印刷媒体,必然会提升传媒的科普效力。     

Interactive strategies in supply chains–a double-edged portfolio approach to small-and medium-sized subcontractors’ position analyses

China is concerned to improve the technical capability of its industry. It has chosen Science and Technology Industry Parks (STIPs) as the model for incubating its R&D capability and driving its hi-tech policy. Against this background, the authors examine two main issues. First, we review assessments of university science parks in the UK and a wider context extracted from the literature before examining specifically China's R&D intensity and hi-tech policy. Second, we examine the performance of hi-tech companies situated on STIPs and those located outside STIPs, comparing their success in commercializing technology. We pay particular attention to the role of entrepreneurship in this activity by those engaged in it. Our findings are based on secondary quantitative data and qualitative data collected by means of interviews and focus groups in the Beijing and Shanghai areas in March 2004. From our research it is clear that China lags behind OECD countries in its R&D capability and the technology transfer rate is low, hampering China's hi-tech potential, although China is achieving some success in hi-tech exports, notably of ICT goods. Furthermore, innovation capability, locational factors such as being located in a regional industry cluster (in or outside STIPs), guanxi and networking opportunities, entrepreneurial skills, including international business experience and access to more financial sources and capital for developing the business, are essential for commercializing technology effectively in China. The role of entrepreneurship is evident. However, it remains still underdeveloped in China's STIPs.     

新时代普通高职院校科技创新路径探析

职业教育是提高国家核心竞争力的要素,尤其是高职教育,在社会经济的发展中发挥着其独特的作用。新时期,普通高职院校面临着招生难、经费有限的发展挑战,如何利用区域优势、盘活周边社会资源,引才聚智,协同发展,是这一类学校共同急需解决的难题。本文以科技创新为切入点,试图为普通高职院校提供一种可参考的发展路径。     

Action Research is Similar to Design Science

In management information systems (MIS) action research is long considered as promising but low-level research approach. It has an utmost relevance because action researchers are working with practitioners to solve the important practical problem. Design science outlined some years ago is just winning a wider audience. Action research was traditionally classified into qualitative research methods. But it seems to be the “wrong” home of action research. We shall show that after comparison of the seven aspects: concrete results of the study, knowledge produced, activities, the intent and the nature of a study, the division of labor in a study and generation, use and test of knowledge, the concordance between the characteristics of action research on the one hand and of design science on the other hand is very good. Hence, action research and design science should next be considered as similar research approaches, and this is a turning point in the history of both action research and design science.     

A review of TRIZ,and its benefits and challenges in practice

TRIZ (the theory of inventive problem solving) has been promoted by several enthusiasts as a systematic methodology or toolkit that provides a logical approach to developing creativity for innovation and inventive problem solving.The methodology, which emerged from Russia in the 1960s, has spread to over 35 countries across the world. It is now being taught in several universities and it has been applied by a number of global organisations who have found it particularly useful for spurring new product development. However, while its popularity and attractiveness appear to be on a steady increase, there are practical issues which make the use of TRIZ in practice particularly challenging. These practical difficulties have largely been neglected by TRIZ literature.This paper takes a step away from conventional TRIZ literature, by exploring not just the benefits associated with TRIZ knowledge, but the challenges associated with its acquisition and application based on practical experience. Through a survey, first-hand information is collected from people who have tried (successfully and unsuccessfully) to understand and apply the methodology. The challenges recorded cut across a number of issues, ranging from the complex nature of the methodology to underlying organisational and cultural issues which hinder its understanding and application. Another contribution of this paper, potentially useful for TRIZ beginners, is the indication of what tools among the several contained in the TRIZ toolkit would be most useful to learn first, based on their observed degree of usage by the survey respondents.     

互联网环境下科技图书馆的战略突围和创新实践

互联网的勃兴为知识经济提供了技术利器,也给传统的科技图书馆带来前所未有的冲击和挑战。对此,广西科学技术情报研究所及所属的科技图书馆着眼未来,从行业定位、技术层面、服务方式等方面入手,实施战略突围,成功实现信息服务的转型,为广西科技创新、经济发展和社会进步提供有力支撑。     

行为科学与管理会计研究

在知识经济占主导地位的21世纪行为科学渗透着各个领域,管理会计也不例外,行为科学发展刺激着管理会计,管理会计的时间改革也推动行为科学的发展,一种把知识作为企业最关键的资源、重视人力资源的开发、经营理念的创新、技术的创新、管理创新、以人为本的理念正在不断兴起。本文就管理会计存在的缺陷及其对策,行为科学与管理会计关系,管理会计未来展望等问题进行探讨。     

文学与科学相结合:科普社会化的途径研究

科普是科学与人文的交集。在灵活多样的科普途径中,文学途径的优势在于普及科学理性,而科普的根本意义也正在于普及科学理性,因为科学理性是科学的根本和灵魂所在。科学童话既符合科学特质又具有普及性特点,其作用在于深入浅出地介绍科学知识,使少儿在轻松愉快的语境中,学会各种科学知识,增强科学理念。文学途径在科学普及的产业链条中预期会产生很好的社会效益。     

科技项目管理中引入项目经理制的思考

科技项目是以科学研究和技术开发为内容而单独立项的项目,其目的在于解决经济和社会发展中出现的科学技术问题。当前,随着国家创新驱动战略的贯彻实施和科学技术对人类社会发展的巨大影响,使得科学研究越来越多的得到国家和地方的重视,政府科技投入逐年增加。不同层次、不同类别的政府科技项目已经成为推动我国科技、经济发展的主导。如何科学、合理、有效的进行科技项目管理,保证项目实施可以产生预期的社会、经济效益,愈发显得十分迫切和需要,改革现有科技项目管理机制,逐步提高实施项目效益,已成为各级科技管理部门的当务之急。     

Wither Qualitative/Quantitative?: Grounds for Methodological Convergence

The qualitative quantitative issue has been given attention in sociological scholarship for decades. Upon theoretical examination of the basis of separations, the commonly used criteria of subjectivity versus objectivity, systematization, quantification and generalization, do not separate. This suggests that the impetus for the qualitative/quantitative issue is more political than intellectual owing to several factors in the practice of sociology: diverse intellectual heritages, the domination of quantitative sociologists in teaching methods and writing methods text books, the proliferation of computer technology in the past 20 years, and separation of theory and method. Advancing sociological methods means transcending the quantitative/qualitative issue and moving on to consider issues like science, validity, causality and multiverse.     

Integrative retail logistics: An exploratory study

Grocery retail companies have gone through a transformational change in the past by heavily investing in distribution centers of their own and by expanding their logistics activities. As a result, many retailers are now in the process of better adjusting their logistics operations to their specific requirements against the backdrop of raising pressure in a highly competitive environment. In this light, we provide an exploratory study based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 28 leading European grocery retailers. First we examine the current strategic designs of grocery retailers’ internal logistics networks. Next, we shift our focus to the resulting interdependencies in tactical supply chain planning between instore operations and upstream logistics processes. We have identified five interdependent planning issues: order packaging unit, store delivery pattern, store replenishment lead time, store delivery arrival times and arrival time windows, as well as roll-cage sequencing and loading carriers. Each of these mid-term planning interdependencies is evaluated with regard to implications in the stores, in transportation and in the distribution centers. The mid-term operations planning issues in the grocery retail industry considered in this paper have remained practically unexplored up to now. The outcome of this empirical research study therefore has substantial relevance for future retail research and practice.     

基于科技园平台的科技企业与市场资金结合模式研究

科技园作为区域经济发展的重要载体,越来越多地得到地方政府的大力引导、鼓励和扶持,但政府资金的公益性和有限性特征决定了科技企业必须调动市场资金参与投入,市场资金才是科技企业的投入主体。本文以科技园为中介平台,分别从科技企业与风险投资结合、与银行信贷结合的模式和策略角度,探讨了科技企业与市场资金有机结合的途径。     

河南省科技金融赋能中小型科技企业高质量发展现状与对策

中小型科技企业是培育发展新动能的重要力量,但融资难是其长期性难题,科技金融是解决该难题的有效途径。当前,河南省在打造中西部科技创新高地的过程中,需要通过科技金融机制体制创新,积极拓展与科技保险、创新创业、网络金融等方面相适应的科技金融途径,解决资金与技术的对接难题,打通中小型企业从技术到产业的“最后一公里”,实现地区中小型科技企业的高质量发展。     

Why Distinguish Between Statistics and Mathematical Statistics–The Case of Swedish Academia

A separation between the academic subjects statistics and mathematical statistics has existed in Sweden almost as long as there have been statistics professors. The same distinction has not been maintained in other countries. Why has it been kept for so long in Sweden, and what consequences may it have had? In May 2015, it was 100 years since Mathematical Statistics was formally established as an academic discipline at a Swedish university where Statistics had existed since the turn of the century. We give an account of the debate in Lund and elsewhere about this division during the first decades after 1900 and present two of its leading personalities. The Lund University astronomer (and mathematical statistician) C. V. L. Charlier was a leading proponent for a position in mathematical statistics at the university. Charlier's adversary in the debate was Pontus Fahlbeck, professor in political science and statistics, who reserved the word statistics for ‘statistics as a social science’. Charlier not only secured the first academic position in Sweden in mathematical statistics for his former PhD student Sven Wicksell but also demonstrated that a mathematical statistician can be influential in matters of state, finance as well as in different natural sciences. Fahlbeck saw mathematical statistics as a set of tools that sometimes could be useful in his brand of statistics. After a summary of the organisational, educational and scientific growth of the statistical sciences in Sweden that has taken place during the last 50 years, we discuss what effects the Charlier–Fahlbeck divergence might have had on this development.     

MNE regional head offices and their affiliates: talent management practices and challenges in the Asia Pacific

The paper explores the processes and challenges involved in multinational enterprise (MNE) establishing and operating regional headquaters (RHQs) as bridges between the parent HQ and their subsidiaries within a region. The role of regional structures has been neglected in research on international management, and, until recently, especially in research on HRM and talent management (TM). We know little about how MNEs develop, introduce and adapt TM (global TM (GTM) in this context) to accommodate local/country/regional contexts and challenges. The paper addresses these lacunae by reviewing the literature on GTM, MNE regional structures and GTM in the Asia Pacific region, and by presenting our findings from a study of the recent establishment by a multinational vehicle manufacturer of a regional headquarters in the Asia Pacific region. Four main challenges were identified: setting up the regional headquarters, legitimacy and contribution issues relating to the role of the RHQ, specific regional TM matters and centralisation versus decentralisation within the region.     

地球系统科学研究

地球系统科学是人类社会可持续发展的科学基础。近20年来,地球系统科学研究广泛开展,我国科学家积极地参加各项国际计划。地球系统科学将是21世纪地球科学的主旋律。