资产证券化会计确认标准探讨

目前,美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)和国际会计准则理事会(IASB)均采用金融合成分析法对证券化资产进行会计处理。与传统的风险报酬分析法相比,金融合成分析法具有一些优点,但也存在不足。本文就此进行分析,并提出我国资产证券化会计确认的现实选择。     

资产证券化会计确认标准探讨

目前,美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)和国际会计准则理事会(IASB)均采用金融合成分析法对证券化资产进行会计处理.与传统的风险报酬分析法相比,金融合成分析法具有一些优点,但也存在不足.本文就此进行分析,并提出我国资产证券化会计确认的现实选择.     

浅谈我国资产证券化的会计处理

资产证券化作为一种金融创新的工具,近年来在我国已逐渐得到应用.我国也已经颁布了<企业会计准则第23号--金融资产转移>、<信贷资产证券化试点会计处理规定>等与资产证券化会计处理相关的准则、规定.本文从我国的实际出发,根据准则的相关规定,初步探讨资产证券化业务中关于会计确认、计量和披露等会计处理问题.     

金融合成分析法在我国会计实践中的应用

我国企业会计准则借鉴美国财务会计准则(FAS125)和国际会计准则(IAS39),采用金融合成分析法对金融资产相关问题进行会计处理.本文系统阐述了金融合成分析法及其优势,并对金融合成分析法在我国会计实践中的应用及前景进行探讨.     

资产证券化中资产转移会计确认探讨

资产证券化兴起于20世纪70年代,并相继出现了住房抵押贷款证券化、应收账款证券化、信用卡证券化等。从美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)先后发布的FAS77、技术公报85-2、FAS125、FAS140和国际会计准则委员会(IASC)颂的IAS32、IAS39及其修正稿,可以看出在资产证券化的历史进程中,FASB及IASC为解决证券化业务中会计确认、计量等问题建立完善的会计规范而作的努力。资产转移是资产证券化过程中的重要环节,而资产转移的会计确认是其关键。我国于2006年颁布的新准则中包含一系列的金融会计准则,即《金融工具确认和计量》、《金融资产转移》、《套期保值》及《金融工具列报和披露》四项金融工具会计准则,这些会计准则虽非专门的证券化会计规定,甚至没有直接提及证券化,但对资产证券化所涉及的会计问题提出了明确的规定和会计处理方法。在资产证券化业务中,发起人与特殊目的实体(SPE)间的资产转移会计确认涉及到采用表外处理还是表内处理,而两种处理方法对发起人的财务报表的影响重大,这使得证券化会计中资产转移的确认问题成为资产证券化会计业务处理的核心。本文根据《企业会计准则第23号——金融资产转移》(以下简称"新准则第23号"),对资产证券化过程中的资产转移会计处理问题进行详细分析。     

资产证券化的会计确认问题探讨

目前，如何真实地反映资产证券化已成为会计理论界和实务界关注的问题。本文对国际上相关的会计准则作了介绍和比较，分析了金融合成分析法和后续涉入法这两种会计确认方法，以便正确认识我国对资产证券化会计确认的规定。     

我国资产证券化的会计处理问题研究

资产证券化(Assets Securitization)是近十几年来国际金融领域中最重要的一种金融创新,七十年代末在美国产生,九十年代开始迅速向全球扩展。目前,美国、欧洲已形成了相当规模的资产证券化市场,加拿大、拉丁美洲、澳大利亚等也在证券化方面取得了较大的成功。许多亚洲国家在金融     

资产证券化会计处理初探

证券化是近几十年来国际金融领域中发展最快的金融工具之一.从形式上看,证券化可以分为融资证券化和资产证券化两大类.融资证券化的方式多为信用融资,一般只有政府和信誉卓著的大公司才能以这种方式进行低成本融资;资产证券化是衍生证券技术和金融工程技术相结合的产物,它于20世纪70年代在美国兴起,20世纪90年代在全球迅猛发展.     

资产证券化发起人会计确认方法的国际比较

本文以资产证券化发起人的会计确认作为研究对象,对国外资产证券化会计确认规范,特别是金融合成分析法与后续涉入法予以较为深入的剖析。结果表明金融合成分析法所依托的“控制权转移”标准,符合资产证券化基本原理,具有会计理论基础,我国现阶段应该选择“控制权转移”作为终止确认的主要标准,以适应国内证券化二级市场的发展。     

资产证券化初探

资产证券化是近几十年来国际金融领域最重要的一种金融创新，由此发行的资产支持证券是当今国际资本市场中发展最快、最具活力的金融产品。在深化金融改革的今天，我国如何借鉴、引入资产证券化这一创新已成为人们日益关心的问题，本文从资产证券化的结构和流程出发，分析适合证券化的资产种类，并说明了资产证券化对我国的现实意义。一、资产证券化的结构与流程资产证券化是将企业（卖方）不流通的存量资产或可预见的未来收入构造和转变成为资本市场上可销售和流通的金融产品的过程。在该过程中存量资产被卖给一个特设交易载体（SpecialPu…     

Accounting enlightenment in the age of reason

We scrutinize the role financial reporting for fair values, asset securitizations, derivatives and loan loss provisioning played in the Financial Crisis. Because banks were at the center of the Financial Crisis, we focus our discussion and analysis on the effects of financial reporting by banks. We conclude fair value accounting played little or no role in the Financial Crisis. However, transparency of information associated with asset securitizations and derivatives likely was insufficient for investors to assess properly the values and riskiness of bank assets and liabilities. Although the FASB and IASB have taken laudable steps to improve disclosures relating to asset securitizations, in our view, the approach for accounting for securitizations in the IASB's Exposure Draft that would require banks to recognize whatever assets and liabilities they have after the securitization is executed better reflects the underlying economics of the securitization transaction. Regarding derivatives, we recommend disclosure of more disaggregated information, disclosure of the sensitivity of derivatives' fair values to changes in market risk variables, and implementing a risk-equivalence approach to enable investors to understand better the leverage inherent in derivatives. We also conclude that because the objectives of bank regulation and financial reporting differ, changes in financial reporting needed to improve transparency of information provided to the capital markets likely will not be identical to changes in bank regulations needed to strengthen the stability of the banking sector. We discuss how loan loss provisioning may have contributed to the Financial Crisis through its effects on procyclicality and on the effectiveness of market discipline. Accounting standard setters and bank regulators should find some common ground. However, it is the responsibility of bank regulators, not accounting standard setters, to ensure the stability of the financial system.     

International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） Convergence Project： Where Are They Now？

The convergence project between the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and the Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） in the United States （US） was signed on September 18, 2002 in Norwalk, Connecticut in the US. The first is responsible for issuing International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） nowadays, which were created 40 years ago. More than one century ago, local regulations are used in the US. The boards differ in years of experience. With the signing of the agreement, both institutions are working to reduce the divergence of accounting. Although they have made a significant progress, it is appropriate to examine whether the difference in approaches to accounting will affect the achieved agreements. It is relevant to investigate whether the years leading the standards adopted in different countries will impact the final result. The date of completion of the project has been postponed and still has not indicated the date of termination. This research is an analysis of the importance of the convergence of accounting standards at a global level. The study presents statistics on the status of the adoption of international standards by country. The study shows a summary of the expressions made by the directors of both boards about the future of the project.     

我国财务报告体系的改进:国际趋同下的思考

2006年我国企业会计准则的颁布使我国企业会计准则体系基本实现了与国际财务报告准则体系的趋同。与此同时,我国财务报告体系也日趋完善。然而,我国现行财务报告体系依然存在一些局限性,因此,必须结合经济环境的变化,在重思我国财务报告体系改进的新发展基础上,完善我国财务报告体系。     

财务报表列报改革及启示

会计准则国际化是各国经济发展和适应经济全球化的必然选择,我国财政部已于2010年4月2日发布《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》。中国作为全球最大的发展中国家和新兴市场经济国家,在会计准则已实现国际趋同的前提下,应密切跟踪国际会计准则理事会关于国际会计准则的重大修改和制定工作,并结合我国的制度背景,坚持与国际准则持续趋同的改革方向和渐进式的改革策略,以此来推进中国企业会计准则建设。     

The Market Reaction to the Pronouncements Related to International Accounting Standards （IAS） 19R

This paper examines whether and how investors reacted to the pronouncements related to International Accounting Standards （IAS） 19R. Using a sample of 401 European firms reporting pension and retirement expense during the period of 2006-2011, this paper finds negative abnormal returns around the pension project initiation by the International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）. More importantly, the abnormal returns are more negative for firms with higher financial leverage and lower ratios of net periodic pension cost to net income, but less negative for firms in countries with weak creditor rights （CR） and infrequent use of the corridor approach under IAS 19. Additionally, the effects of financial leverage and the ratio of net periodic pension cost to net income on the abnormal returns are more pronounced for smaller firms. Overall, the results are consistent with the view that recognition of previously disclosed off-balance-sheet pension liabilities as required by IAS 19R increases debt contracting costs, and highlight the importance of considering firm size and CR in international tests of debt contracting theory.     

经济全球化和会计准则的国际趋同

世界经济的发展早已打破国界,经济已走向全球化。面对世界经济的急速变化,会计作为一种通用的商业语言,始终处于一个动态的、不断发展的过程中,最终走向了会计准则的国际趋同。2005年,欧盟27个成员国、澳大利亚、新西兰、俄罗斯等国约有7000家上市公司均遵循IFRSs编制财务报表。国际会计准则制定机构在2009年进行了改组,世界上越来越多的国家采用了国际财务报告准则(IFRSs)。2010年,IFRSs和美国GAAP之间的主要差异基本消失。我国财政部于2006年2月发布了39项企业会计准则,2010年又发布了《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》,中国会计准则也与IFRSs基本趋同。     

我国金融工具从四分类到两分类的现实思考

2009年11月12日,国际会计准则理事会(IASB)发布了《国际财务报告准则第9号——金融工具》(IFRS 9),提出了对金融资产两分类的新规定。文章对两分类在我国金融工具实务中的适用性进行探讨,并结合我国现实情况提出政策建议。     

Selective Trading of Available-for-Sale Securities: Evidence from U.S. Commercial Banks

This paper examines the selective trading of available-for-sale (AFS) securities by U.S. banks after the implementation of fair value accounting under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 320. Our findings suggest firms still engage in earnings management through selective selling of AFS securities despite the mandatory disclosure of unrealized security holding gains and losses in their financial statements. Such activities do not appear to be driven by the lack of reliability of the fair value measure. Instead, the degree of earnings management varies significantly with the reporting format of unrealized AFS security holding gains and losses. We find evidence of earnings management among banks that choose to report unrealized holding gains and losses in the statement of shareholders’ equity. By contrast, we find no such evidence among banks disclosing unrealized holding gains and losses in the income statement.     

The Information Content of Stock Prices,Legal Environments,and Accounting Standards: International Evidence

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the impact of accounting standards on the information content of stock prices using a sample of 44 countries from around the world. We find that the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards or US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles per se does not make stock prices more informative, but that better accounting standards are helpful only in countries having effective legal environments. In particular, we find a significantly negative relationship between stock price synchronicity and the quality of accounting standards in countries with a common-law legal origin and generally better shareholder protection. Our findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction in Zhang [(2013). Accounting standards, cost of capital, resource allocation, and welfare in a large economy. The Accounting Review, 88(4), 1459–1488] that improving accounting standards effectively would increase social welfare in general.     

Proposed international standard on auditing financial statements of less complex entities: IAASB IAAER roundtables—Breakout 2 Design,Structure, and Content

In this commentary, we summarize stakeholder views articulated during roundtables addressing the 2021 International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board's (IAASB) Exposure Draft: Proposed International Standard on Auditing of Financial Statements of Less Complex Entities (ED LCE). In support of its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research (IAAER)—together with the IAASB—organized by-invitation roundtables bringing together audit practitioners, academics, and financial statements users. A structured agenda was followed and addressed some of the topics on which the IAASB sought views. This commentary provides a summary of views heard during the second roundtable breakout session focused on Design, Structure, and Content and provides recommendations to the IAASB regarding the way forward. A paper addressing the first breakout session on Authority and Group is available in a previous issue of the Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting.