Effects of residential relocation on household and commuting expenditures in Shanghai, China

Over the past three decades, China's cities have undergone massive spatial restructuring in the wake of market reforms and economic growth. One consequence has been a rapid migration of urban residents to the periphery. Some movers have been forced out either by rising urban rents or government reclamation of their residences. Others have relocated willingly to modernized housing or for other lifestyle reasons. This article examines the effects of relocation to the urban edge on household well-being. It explores the factors underlying changes in housing and transportation costs as households move to the periphery. The research also examines whether those who moved involuntarily are affected differently from those who moved by choice. Results show that, relative to those who moved by choice, involuntary movers are disproportionately and adversely affected in terms of job accessibility, commute time, housing consumption and disposable income. The findings also show that, compared with higher-income households, lower-income groups are disproportionately affected in relation to housing costs, accessibility losses, disposable income and household worker composition. These results indicate that relocation compensation for involuntarily relocated households should be expanded to include more than just housing value: it should encompass urban location changes, household needs and relocation costs.     

国外住房保障制度比较研究

分析了美国、英国、德国、日本、韩国、新加坡等国家城市中低收入者住房保障体系的主要特色。重点分析了美国从供需两方面进行补贴的保障模式、英国的混合产权补贴方式、日本的住房保障三大支柱,同时,还比较了德国、韩国和新加坡三国住房保障体系的差异。概括出这些国家城市中低收入者住房保障体系的主要特征和存在的矛盾,即从补贴卖方到补贴买方的转变,根据发展阶段确定需要补贴的卖方以及以需求补贴为主导的特色补贴模式。最后,对国外城市中低收入者住房保障体系进行了评价,指出了公房建设与国民经济发展、政府与民间团体以及政府与城市中低收入者之间存在的三大矛盾。     

城市发展与住房意愿支付价格

以城市在岗职工的平均劳动收入水平和反映城市生活质量的各类宜居性指标建立了中国35个主要城市的城市发展与住房需求关系的模型,并以此估计了城市住房意愿支付价格。实证结果表明,城市在岗职工的平均劳动收入水平和以各类宜居性指标反映的城市生活质量可以解释70%左右住房价格的城市间差异。虽然城市劳动收入对住房意愿支付价格的影响仍然很大,但随着社会经济的发展,中国主要城市的生活质量对住房意愿支付价格增长的贡献有逐步增大的趋势。     

低碳城市理念在城市规划中的应用与实践——以厦门市为例

在当今中国城市化进程加速、碳排放增加的特殊时期,低碳城市和低碳城市规划在规划界得到了普遍关注。本文在总结国内外专家关于低碳城市规划编制思路和理论研究的基础上,从低碳产业布局、低碳公共交通系统、可再生能源利用、碳汇系统布局、低碳城市空间结构、低碳空间管制等六个方面对厦门市低碳城市总体规划进行了理论探索和实践尝试,并介绍了厦门市在低碳城市建设中已取得的成绩;旨在从总体规划层面建立低碳城市规划模式,为低碳城市规划编制体系探索新的方法和途径。     

二元经济结构视角下民生性财政支出与消费关系研究

习近平总书记指出目前中国正处于新发展阶段,我们要加快构建新发展格局,扩大内需,刺激消费。在此背景下,论文依托中国2013-2019年31个省相关的统计数据,利用个体固定效应模型分析民生性财政支出各组成部分对城乡居民消费水平的共性和差异化影响。研究表明,环境保护和住房保障支出对于城乡居民消费水平都没有显著的作用,而教育支出、社会保障和就业这两项支出对城镇居民消费水平的作用较为显著,医疗卫生支出对农村居民来说是正向的。     

我国发展低碳物流的对策研究

在全球气候和环境日益恶化的情况下,发展低碳经济,减轻经济对环境的影响,实现可持续发展,已经成为各国共识。物流业是能源消耗大户、碳排放量大户,因此顺应时代要求,发展低碳物流具有深远意义。为了进一步推动低碳物流发展,论文从政府和企业两方面提出我国当前发展低碳物流的对策建议。     

低碳经济下引导居民低碳出行的策略探讨

随着社会经济的不断发展,生态危机、能源危机、生存危机的威胁不断升级,节能减排成为我国乃至世界必须面对的重大挑战。文章依据对江苏省部分地区城镇居民交通出行方式调查结果的分析,提出了低碳经济背景下引导居民低碳出行的应对策略。     

中山市低碳生态城市建设策略研究

低碳经济和低碳生态城市所提出的低排放、低能耗、促进人与自然和谐发展的理念在后危机时代有着十分重要的意义。作为沿海开放城市之一的中山市始终以负责任的态度,积极响应国家减少碳排放的倡议,然而,工业化的发展阶段,对煤炭依赖、较高的能源结构以及庞大的人口基数都决定了中山的低碳发展之路任重而道远。     

Urban Renewal in Istanbul: Reconfigured Spaces,Robotic Lives

The article discusses Turkey's property‐led residential redevelopment model. This entails the demolition of an existing settlement, replacing it with blocks of apartments (usually constructed on the exact same site and at a higher density), some of which are then made available to displaced residents for purchase via mortgage loans with long maturities. While the authorities promote this model of urban renewal as an innovative public housing policy, I argue that, far from being an exception to market‐rate housing, the model is in fact a market‐disciplinary tool. It seeks to incorporate into the formal market not just spontaneously developed and only partially regulated spaces, but also the conduct of residents living in these informal neighborhoods. The article contributes to the immense literature on urban renewal and organized struggles around the right to housing by showing that urban renewal is not simply about dispossession and displacement. In the Turkish case, urban renewal does not necessarily seek to displace poor residents (even though it often ends up doing so), rather to incorporate them into a nascent mortgage origination market. The second half of the article introduces and elaborates on a case study in Istanbul.     

Sprawl and blight

The objective of this paper is to show how the same market failures that contribute to urban sprawl also contribute to urban blight. The paper develops a simple dynamic model in which new suburban and older central-city properties compete for mobile residents. The level of housing services generated by older properties depends on current maintenance or reinvestment expenditures. In this setting, market failures that reduce the cost of occupying suburban locations, thus leading to excessive suburban development, also depress central-city housing prices and undermine maintenance incentives, leading to deficient levels of central-city reinvestment. Corrective policies that shift population from the suburbs to the center result in higher levels of reinvestment in central-city housing, therefore reducing blight.     

囤房现象形成的原因、影响与治理策略

研究目的:解释我国城市居民热衷囤房的原因,分析这一行为对宏观经济与居民家庭生活的影响,提出治理这一行为的策略。研究方法:基于住房特殊属性的归纳法和比较分析法。研究结果:在制度诱因和心理作用驱使下,居民将高储蓄率偏好转化为了囤房动机,使住房由一般消费品转为实物储蓄。由于住房的若干基本属性和衍生效应,长期大规模地囤房将造成资源浪费,阻碍了住房公平,削弱了青年家庭的购买能力。研究结论:迫切需要采取政策干预引导住房不再成为"房币"。     

保障性住房低碳管理的体制创新研究

在分析了低碳社区和保障性住房发展所面临的困境的基础上,提出了将"低碳生活方式"的约束机制和"保障性住房"的奖励机制相结合,建立低碳约束下的保障性住房管理创新体制,并在制度经济学和行为心理学相关研究的基础上给出了这一管理体制的普遍性框架设计,然后从实施角度分析了该管理体制的合理性和可操作性。     

廉租房制度的创新、动态演化与完善

廉租房制度作为我国住房保障体系的重要组成部分,缓解了部分低收入城镇居民的住房困难,解决了住房市场底线失效等问题.但是,廉租房制度在运行中也存在着一系列的矛盾与问题,主要表现为强大的住房保障需求与有限供给之间的矛盾、保障机制的转变与当前运行体系滞后的矛盾、制度化实施与体系混乱的矛盾及地方政府在局部利益的驱动下导致公共政策失效的矛盾等.基于制度创新的视角,从廉租房保障边界的拓展、融资机制的创新、住房保障法律法规的颁布实施等方面,就完善廉租房制度进行了多维探讨.     

广东省物流业碳排放及低碳物流经济现状分析

从能源消耗角度剖析物流行业碳排放足迹,利用IPCC计算方式核算广东省物流业碳排放总量,从能源效用、物流作业的碳效用、脱钩效应三个角度分析广东省物流业低碳特征。得出结论如下:(1)政府部门在低碳进程中有着极为重要的作用,政府重视低碳,物流行业的低碳化表现更突出;(2)广东省目前物流行业正处在从高能耗、低效益、高碳排往低碳排、高效益、新能耗的阶段转型升级的过渡期。目前广东省物流行业碳排放与物流经济发展之间呈现扩张性负脱钩现象,物流业必须在物流技术、作业优化、新能源使用、低碳理念方面下功夫抓住机会升级改造,让广东省物流经济成为全社会低碳经济发展的助推器。     

中国城市低碳交通建设的现状与途径分析

提出并阐述了城市低碳交通概念及其内涵,分析了2000年以来中国城市交通能源消耗与碳排放的状况,分析表明:中国城市交通能源消耗和CO2排放总量增加迅速,公共交通是各类机动交通工具中碳排放强度最低的,中国城市低碳交通建设面临着公共交通发展速度滞后、居民出行结构的非机动化程度大幅降低、缺乏有效的需求管理、节能减排意识淡薄、城市交通管理体制与城市低碳交通建设不相适应等主要问题。基于现状分析,提出了中国城市低碳交通建设的三大战略方向和五项主要措施。     

城市住房建设施工质量管理探析

当前,城市化进程不断加快,城市的发展进一步推动了城市居民对住房的需求,引起人们对住房质量的更多关注和重视,也对住房建设施工质量提出了更高、更严格的标准和要求。文章结合我国城市住房的特点,对目前住房建设施工过程中存在的问题进行分析,并提出提高和改善住房建设施工质量的措施。     

‘It is the People that Have Made Glen Innes’: State‐led Gentrification and the Reconfiguration of Urban Life in Auckland

Public or state housing has ordinarily been viewed as an impediment to the forces of gentrification, as private property owners or developers are limited in their ability to purchase, renovate or redevelop houses in otherwise desirable areas. As a result, neighbourhoods with significant proportions of state‐housing and low‐income residents have often been able to establish unique identity and character, sense of place and belonging and strong social support networks. This article examines changes underway in Glen Innes, a central suburb of New Zealand's largest city, Auckland. Here, established norms around community and urban life are being rapidly and radically reworked through a wave of state‐led gentrification. We focus on experiences of displacement, the disruption of long‐established community forms, and the reconfiguration of urban life. Our particular contribution is to consider the speed and trauma of gentrification when the state is involved, the slippage between rhetoric and reality on the ground, and the challenges of researchers seeking to trace the impacts of gentrification in the lives of those who have been displaced.     

构建多部门专业住房保障机构

为确保城镇中低以下生活水平居民能够享受到与经济社会发展相适应住房保障,在我国审核住房体制改革过程中,构建健全完善的专业住房保障机构是基本保证。在市场经济条件下、保障房的提供或供应,是政府的责任和义务。借鉴一些发达国家和地区的经验,就我国目前的住房保障体系不够完善提出了一些问题,并针对住房保障管理机构专业性的构建提出了建议。通过分析与住房保障工作相关部门的职责,如财政部门、国土资源部门、地方政府、以及社会保障、民政、规划、公积金管理等部门,提出了建立和发展多部门专业的住房保障机构。     

城中村非正规住房供给市场形成原因分析——以深圳市为例

快速城市化背景下,"城中村"非正规住房逐渐成为城市居住格局的重要组成部分。以深圳市为例,探讨不同利益主体在"城中村"非正规住房供给过程中的角色及相互关系。研究发现,地方政府、村集体、城中村村民、合作建房者和外来人口构成了"城中村"非正规住房供给过程中的主要利益主体,并承担着不同的角色和功能,形成了以城中村村民为核心的关系网络。利益主体相互关联形成不同类型的利益共同体,共同推动"城中村"非正规住房的形成和发展。在此基础上,提出了"城中村"非正规住房的管治方向与建议。     

税收政策如何促进低碳经济发展

随着经济的迅猛发展,工业化建设步伐仍然占据着重要地位,随之而来的就会遇到环境污染、资源枯竭等问题。其中大气中二氧化碳浓度升高带来的全球变暖已成为国际社会关注的焦点。低碳经济是一种可持续的发展模式,是能达到碳排放量、生态环境代价以及社会经济成本共赢的一种经济发展模式。文章在剖析我国发展低碳经济现有税制存在的问题的基础上,结合实际状况,提出解决问题办法,充分发挥税收政策对促进低碳经济发展的重要作用。