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1.
消费是一个国家经济增长的源动力,是公民福利增加的源泉,如何发挥消费对经济的拉动作用已成为学术界研究的热点问题。基于城乡消费结构比较的视角,就消费对经济的拉动作用以及我国城乡居民消费结构的差异进行了研究,结果显示:消费对经济增长具有积极的拉动作用;居民收入水平较低、收入水平差距较大是我国城乡居民消费对经济增长拉动作用较小的重要原因;我国城乡居民的消费结构存在差别,主要原因在于城乡收入水平的差别,持续强劲的居民消费需要以居民的收入持续增加为基础。为此,应从提高居民收入水平、减小城乡居民收入差距、建立完善的医疗保障体系、合理的消费引导等方面来改善城乡居民的消费结构,以真正发挥消费对经济增长的促进作用。  相似文献   

2.
随着中国城镇住房分配体制的转型,居民的居住条件在很大程度上依赖于家庭的收入水平,因此不断扩大的收入差距也在无形中影响着住房的不平等状况。基于2002年和2013年的城镇和农村的住户调查数据,本文从住房面积和房产价值两个角度分析中国农村和城镇居民住房不平等的总体状况。研究发现,在住房市场化体制建立和发展的过程中,虽然从财产所有权上的住房均等化有所提升,家庭居住面积有了很大的改善,但人均居住面积分布的不均等程度却进一步扩大。房产价值的不平等分析表明,虽然这一时期居民的住房财富高速增长,但城乡内部和城乡之间的房产差距都急剧扩大。基于回归分解的方法考察住房财富不平等的影响因素后发现,区域差异、收入差异和人力资本是造成居民房产价值分布差距不断扩大的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
北京市居民收入差距发展规律与结构特征的实证研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文选取1985—2007年的时间序列数据,对23年间北京市居民的收入差距演变规律进行分析,侧重于城镇居民收入差距、农村居民收入差距、以及城乡居民收入差距三个层次,并在对时间序列数据分析基础上,对收入差距的发展趋势进行判断。研究认为,北京市居民收入差距变化大致经历了三个阶段,即差距较小—差距扩大—差距稳中有降;居民收入差距一直存在,但以1993年为节点,之后出现大幅度上升态势;2003—2007年,居民收入差距整体呈现稳中有降的趋势,但降幅不大。对收入差距内部结构的分析显示,23年间,城镇居民收入差距水平小于农村居民收入差距。  相似文献   

4.
利用1989年-2011年的农户微观家计调查数据,采用方差分解和回归分解相结合的方法,考察农村人口老龄化对收入不平等的影响。研究发现农村收入不平等的总体变化主要是由组间效应所引起,即不同出生组之间不平等程度的加剧是收入不平等的主因;无论采用方差分解法还是采用回归分解法得到的研究结论表明,农村人口老龄化的确加剧了收入不平等,其影响程度相对较小,但从时间变化趋势来看,人口老龄化效应有增强之势。  相似文献   

5.
The present study examines the extent to which income distribution affects the ability of economic growth to reduce poverty, based on 1990s data for a sample of rural and urban sectors of African economies. Using the basic‐needs approach, an analysis‐of‐covariance model is derived and estimated, with the headcount, gap, and squared gap poverty ratios serving as the respective dependent variables, and the Gini coefficient and PPP‐adjusted incomes as explanatory variables. The study finds that the responsiveness of poverty to income growth is a decreasing function of inequality, albeit at varying rates for the three poverty measures: lowest for the headcount, followed by the gap and fastest for the squared gap. The ranges for the income elasticity in the sample are estimated at: 0.02–0.68, 0.11–1.05, and 0.10–1.35, respectively, for these poverty measures. Furthermore while, on average, the responsiveness of poverty to income growth appears to be the same between the rural and urban sectors, there are substantial sectoral differences across countries. The results suggest the need for country‐specific emphases on growth relative to inequality.  相似文献   

6.
This paper assesses economic effects of housing supplies on the urban growth and income distribution of Seoul, using an urban land use and Computable General Equilibrium model of Seoul economy. The simulation shows that the housing development with the conversion of the green or the industrial land uses into the residential land use leads to an increase of the Gross Regional Product by approximately 1% at the worse income inequality. The aggregate welfare effects in terms of Hicksian Compensating Variation range from 1.746 trillion Korean Won to 1.768 trillion Korean Won on a ten-period average, depending on the type of the land conversion.  相似文献   

7.
农民收入问题事关国民经济协调发展和社会和谐稳定。本文在分析云南农民收入水平低、城乡收入差距大、地区不平衡突出、贫困人口多,从而制约着云南科学发展、和谐发展与跨越发展基础上,提出建设和谐美丽新云南应以提高农民收入水平为抓手,发挥云南比较优势、统筹城乡协调发展、依靠科技进步和增强农民增收本领等举措促进农民增收和保持农民收入持续较快增长。  相似文献   

8.
《Economic Systems》2021,45(3):100902
This article investigates the spatial effect of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on urban–rural wage inequality, both in the short and long run, by employing the Spatial Durbin Model. In particular, we carefully consider the heterogeneity of inward FDI with respect to its entry mode (ownership type) and sectoral distribution. Based on a panel dataset covering 30 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2016, our results show that inward FDI does not increase urban–rural wage inequality. In particular, we do not find a significant relationship between inward FDI in the secondary and tertiary sectors, while inward FDI in the primary sector has a slightly negative effect on inequality. When we consider inward FDI by entry mode, we find that wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFE) have a negative spatial effect on urban–rural wage inequality in the short and long run, while equity joint ventures (EJV) reduce urban–rural inequality in the long run only.  相似文献   

9.
数字普惠金融是我国金融发展历程中的重大举措,研究数字普惠金融对农业高质量发展的影响及作用路径具有重要意义。将农业生产技术创新、城乡收入协调、农业经济可持续发展、农业市场扩大开放和农业发展成果共享设定为农业高质量发展的目标,把数字普惠金融中的融资便利、融资成本、融资风险以及农民的金融素养作为前置影响因素,分析数字普惠金融在农村经济发展中的作用以及考察农村数普惠金融如何影响农业高质量发展的五纬目标进而促进农业高质量发展的实现。研究结果发现:农村数字普惠金融的便利性增加以及融资成本和风险的下降可以促进农村数字普惠金融发展,农民金融素养的提高也有利于农村数字普惠金融进一步的推进;农村数字普惠金融扩大使用可以通过提升农业生产技术创新、农业市场扩大开放、农业发展成果共享、农业经济可持续发展以及城乡收入协调等途径实现农业高质量发展。最后,以黑龙江省农业数字普惠金融发展现状为例,进一步分析当前我国农业数字普惠金融的发展模式及面临的主要问题,并提出农业数字普惠金融促进农业高质量发展的对策建议。  相似文献   

10.
《Economic Systems》2006,30(1):24-40
It is commonly believed that China began the socialist era as a very under-urbanized country relative to its level of development and that it has been eliminating this urbanization gap during the post-1978 period as a result of its economic reforms. Our reexamination of the relationship between per capita income and urbanization that underpins the conventional view suggests that China was not under-urbanized before or during the early period of the reform. Actually, China's urbanization gap appeared and grew in the late period of reform despite mass migration from rural to urban areas. This growing urbanization lag is mainly due to the slow pace in eliminating restrictions on rural–urban migration during a period of rapid economic growth. We call attention to this emerging urbanization lag as it entails significant economic costs in employment and retards economic growth.  相似文献   

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