预期对我国住房市场政策调控效果影响的实证分析

预期对房地产行业调控政策的实施效果有着重要的作用。一般来说,从形成机制可以把预期分为静态预期、外推型预期、适应性预期和理性预期,而我国的房地产市场因其特殊性,是介于适应性预期与理性预期之间的准理性预期。通过建立住房价格调控模型并进行实证分析后,可以发现准理性预期是一种效果较好且与实际更相符的预期;预期是影响房价的最主要因素,而预期对于房价的放大效应和预期的不稳定性又使得政策调控增加了一定的难度;房价基本上与预期成正比关系。     

社会心理预期与房地产投机行为

本文主要社会心理学的角度出发,探讨了社会心理预期对房地产市场的投机行为的影响,并对不同种类的心理支撑力进行了分析。最后,针对客观博傻者的两个心理支撑力,提出了一些使房价重回理性的有力措施。     

利率上调：买房计划改弦更张 百姓预期房价看涨

2004年下半年以来,国家陆续出台针对房地产市场的宏观调控政策,其中银行利率上调是最终的金融调控手段。银行利率几次上调之后,城市居民的购房计划和对住房价格的心理预期出现了哪些变化?一项来自前进策略城市管理策略部和零点调查房地产研究事业部的调查结果表明:银行利率上调之后,绝大多数普通城市居民家庭都对购房计划做了相应调整;尽管不少人认为政府的宏观调控政策可以抑制房价上涨,多数人对房价的心理预期还是看涨。     

心理预期在房价调控中的作用

供求关系影响价格，这是众所周知的经济学常识。同样，它也是影响房价的主要因素。然而在影响房价的众多因素中，还有个重要的因素不容忽视，那就是心理预期。     

成渝地区双城经济圈房价的空间溢出效应研究

房价在区域城市间存在空间溢出效应,基于差异化预期理论,利用2012-2019年成渝地区双城经济圈城市房价的面板数据,探求成渝地区城市房价的空间溢出效应。通过构建住房均衡模型和空间计量模型,实证解释了不同预期下各因素对房价的直接效应和空间溢出效应,得到的主要结论为：成渝地区双城经济圈城市房价在空间上已然形成体系,并且具有联系性和中心性的特征,核心城市对周边城市房价的带动作用日益显著,房价溢出效应明显。另外,预期是影响房价变动的重要因素。     

从计量与实验经济学角度探讨房产价格

正一、计量经济学视角的房价因素分析根据西方经济学的一般分析方法,商品的价格由供给与需求共同决定,房地产价格也是由其相关因素通过影响房地产的供给与需求来实现的。从供给方面看,主要包括房地产的成本、房地产卖方对于出售的预期等;从需求方面看,主要包括房地产的价格水平、房地产买方的经济实力以及对未来房价的预期等。     

《2005年房地产蓝皮书》提出影响房地产市场健康有序发展的九大问题

《蓝皮书》列举了造成房价上涨的主要因素：一是土地价格上涨。二是建筑材料价格上涨。三是新建住宅品质提升。四是中低价位商品住房供应量下降，高档商品房供应增加。五是投资和投机性购房拉动。六是国家对房地产开发的“地根”、“银根”紧缩，影响消费者对房价的预期。房地产开发商利用市场信息的不对称有意炒作，进一步强化了消费者的心理预期。七是房地产市场中存在特定形式的垄断，     

居民对苏州市房价上涨的认知及态度研究

多方面社会因素体现了居民对于房价上涨的敏感度,因此以居民为主体的探究具备重要意义,这个新的视角的发现,将有利于政府以及开发商获知居民心理,更好地进行决策。本文研究范围选定苏州市,采用问卷调查的方式对居民关于苏州市房价上涨的认知以及态度进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)苏州市当地居民对于他们的房价现状不满意,房价上涨现象对于苏州市居民的幸福指数有很大的影响;(2)居民对于苏州市平均房价的预期值在11622.5元每平米;(3)居民观点认为,土地成本大幅上涨是导致房价上涨的主要因素的最多(39%),其次是"国家宏观调控"、"房地产投资炒作"、"周边城市房价影响";(4)居民对房价的满意度对于他们的购房意愿影响较大。     

必须改革土地供应方式

房地倒挂不仅带动区域性地价和房价的进一步上涨．也对未来市场预期产生了较大影响。并且，较高的刚性成本，也加快了房价的上升幅度。     

调控之声声声紧

最近，一系列房地产调控措施的出台，无论在交易层面还是心理预期层面，都对上海房地产市场产生了一定的影响。市场观望气氛日渐弥漫，买卖双方进入了对峙期，房价涨跌也在对峙中开始了调整，显示宏观调控政策收到了初步成效。     

Rational expectations equilibrium and the strategic choice of costly information

This paper studies costly information acquisition in one-good production economies when agents acquire private information and prices transmit information. Before asset markets open, agents choose the quality of their private information. After this information stage, agents trade assets in sequentially complete markets taking into account their private information and the information revealed by equilibrium prices (rational expectations equilibrium, (Radner, R., 1979. Rational expectations equilibrium: generic existence and the information revealed by prices, Econometrica 47, 655–678.)). An overall equilibrium in asset and information market is defined as a Nash equilibrium of the information game in which agents’ actions are information choices and their utility payoffs are the ex-ante expected utilities of the corresponding rationale expectations equilibrium. This paper shows that for a generic set of economies parameterized by endowments and productivity shocks, an overall equilibrium in information and asset market (a Nash equilibrium of the induced information game) with costly information acquisition and fully-revealing prices exists. In other words, informational efficiency is in general consistent with costly information acquisition.     

The behaviour of U.K. export prices of manufactured goods 1970–1983

This paper examines the importance of expectations in the determination of U.K. export prices. Export prices are found to depend upon expectations of total domestic unit costs and foreign prices. The non-linear restrictions implied by the forward-looking model are found to hold and it performs adequately relative to a backward-looking error feedback model. The law of one price is rejected and the evidence is consistent with imperfect competition in export markets.     

区域城市间住宅价格波动溢出效应的内涵分析

为了明确住宅价格波动溢出效应所包含的深层内涵,并为以后的空间计量经济建模数据分析提供理论阐释,通过对波纹效应和波动溢出效应的概念归纳得出住宅价格波动溢出效应的定义,从基础理论支撑、主体关系、客体影响因素和存在环境四个方面构建其理论框架。最后,从城市层级、人口迁移、城市经济基本面和心理预期四个类别进行多层次的内在因果关系分析,得出其完整的形成机理。     

股票价格低于每股净资产的影响因素分析——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据

破净指股票价格跌破每股净资产,是股票价格与每股净资产关系的一种极端表现。本文以1 059家A股上市公司为样本,采用修正的Ohlson模型,分组对股价破净的影响因素进行研究。结果发现:对于业绩为正的非ST企业而言,公司规模大、上市时间早、机构投资者持股比例低的国有企业容易破净;ST企业的股票价格虽下跌,但其重组捷径和壳资源改变了投资者的预期,使ST企业不破净或较少破净。     

Asymmetric Price Adjustment and Consumer Search: An Examination of the Retail Gasoline Market

This article proposes a new explanation for why retail prices respond more quickly to cost increases than cost decreases. I develop a search model that assumes consumers’ expectations of prices are based on prices observed during previous purchases. This model predicts that consumers search less when prices are falling, which results in higher profit margins and a slower price response to cost changes. I then empirically examine patterns of retail gasoline price response and price dispersion to show that this model predicts observed price behavior better than previously suggested explanations.     

Quasi‐rational and ex ante price expectations in commodity supply models: an empirical analysis of the US broiler market

A statistically optimal inference about agents' ex ante price expectations within the US broiler market is derived using futures prices of related commodities along with a quasi‐rational forecasting regression equation. The modelling approach, which builds on a Hamilton‐type framework, includes endogenous production and allows expected cash price to be decomposed into anticipated and unanticipated components. We therefore infer the relative importance of various informational sources in expectation formation. Results show that, in addition to the quasi‐rational forecast, the true supply shock, future prices, and ex post commodity price forecast errors have, at times, been influential in broiler producers' price expectations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

House price dynamics: Fundamentals and expectations

We investigate whether expectations that are not fully rational have the potential to explain the evolution of house prices and the price-to-rent ratio in the United States. First, a stylized asset-pricing model solved under rational expectations is used to derive a fundamental value for house prices and the price–rent ratio. Although the model can explain the sample average of the price–rent ratio, it does not generate the large and persistent fluctuations observed in the data. Then, we consider a rational bubble solution, an extrapolative expectations solution and a near rational bubble solution. In this last solution agents extrapolate the future from the latest realizations and the degree of extrapolation is stronger in good times than in bad times, generating waves of over-optimism. We show that under this solution the model not only is able to match key moments of the data but can also replicate the run up in the U.S. house prices observed over the 2000–2006 period and the subsequent sharp downturn.     

The role of text-extracted investor sentiment in Chinese stock price prediction with the enhancement of deep learning

Whether investor sentiment affects stock prices is an issue of long-standing interest for economists. We conduct a comprehensive study of the predictability of investor sentiment, which is measured directly by extracting expectations from online user-generated content (UGC) on the stock message board of Eastmoney.com in the Chinese stock market. We consider the influential factors in prediction, including the selections of different text classification algorithms, price forecasting models, time horizons, and information update schemes. Using comparisons of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, logistic regression, support vector machine, and Naïve Bayes model, the results show that daily investor sentiment contains predictive information only for open prices, while the hourly sentiment has two hours of leading predictability for closing prices. Investors do update their expectations during trading hours. Moreover, our results reveal that advanced models, such as LSTM, can provide more predictive power with investor sentiment only if the inputs of a model contain predictive information.     

The empowerment expectation–perception gap: An examination of three alternative models

Previous empowerment research has focused on subordinate perceptions of empowering leadership and its outcomes. Met‐expectations theory suggests that subordinate expectations of leader behaviours are essential in forming their a posteriori evaluations. To address the lack of investigation of individual expectations in the empowerment literature, in this study, we explore how subordinates' empowerment expectations and perceptions combine to influence their job satisfaction and psychological empowerment based on three alternative, theoretically derived met‐expectation models, namely, the disconfirmation model, the ideal‐point model, and the experiences‐only model. The results of a 2‐stage study of 114 respondents indicate that employees are more satisfied with their work when perceived empowerment exceeds expectations. However, both empowerment perceptions and expectations positively contribute to higher psychological empowerment. We then discuss implications and directions for future research.     

Intertemporal coordination in two-period markets

This paper studies the stability of the intertemporal coordination dynamics when the common knowledge of individual expectations of future prices is perturbed in a neighborhood of a perfect foresight equilibrium. The main forces that affect stability are: (i) the effect of a change in asset demand on second period spot market prices, and (ii) the effect on asset demand of a small change in second period prices. In an intertemporal market game whose interior Markov perfect equilibria correspond to perfect foresight equilibria, it is shown that though M-rationalizability implies the stability of the intertemporal dynamics, the converse is not always true.