中国农村基础设施发展水平、区域差异及分布动态演进

研究目标:测度中国农村基础设施发展水平,并探析其区域差异及分布动态演进。研究方法:运用熵权法、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、Moran’s I指数和Markov链考察中国农村基础设施的区域差异与动态演进。研究发现:中国农村基础设施发展水平整体上不断提高,地区间差异是造成区域差异的主要来源。各个区域表现出不同程度的极化现象,全国及东部地区绝对差异扩大,东西部地区绝对差异缩小。东中西部各省份呈现出“高-高”“低-低”集聚的趋势,低水平地区逐渐向邻近高水平地区转移。研究创新:揭示出中国农村基础设施的发展水平、分布动态差异及动态演进趋势。研究价值:加深对中国农村基础设施发展格局的认知,为推进乡村振兴战略和实现共同富裕目标提供参考。     

中国乡村振兴水平的区域差异、分布动态演进及空间相关性研究

研究目标:测算2010～2019年中国乡村振兴水平,分析各区各省乡村振兴水平的时空分异特征、区域差异、分布动态演进及空间相关性。研究方法:熵权法、描述统计法、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、Moran’s I。研究发现:中国乡村振兴水平整体上偏低但呈递增态势,四大区域中东部遥遥领先,中部、东北部和西部均在全国均值之下,乡村振兴五个一级指标中,生态宜居得分最高,产业兴旺其次,后依次为治理有效、生活富裕和乡风文明;乡村振兴水平存在总体差异但不严峻,总体差异主要源于由生态宜居和生活富裕差异所导致的区域间差异;各区各省份乡村振兴水平绝对差异正在逐步缩小,并无出现极化现象和收敛现象;乡村振兴水平存在鲜明的空间集聚现象,东部主要落在第I象限的高值集聚区,中部、东北、西部大部分落在第Ⅲ象限低值集聚区,其中有6个省份发生跃迁。研究创新:以政策依据、理论依据、现实依据构建了包含产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的指标体系,全面地从时空分异特征、区域差异、分布动态演进及空间相关性进行系统性分析。研究价值:全面、客观、真实地反映了中国乡村振兴水平,廓清各区各省份优势和短板,为巩固拓展...     

Assessment of development regions for financial support allocation with fuzzy decision making: A case of Turkey

European Union is a project focused on the balanced distribution of the prosperity, established by the common market, to all regions. For this purpose, in order to collect comparable statistics, socio-economic zones have been established within the framework of certain criteria using the classification of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). These regions are formed in 3 levels, based on the countries that are members and candidates for membership. Supports provided within the framework of the EU in order to reduce regional socio-economic disparities and to ensure regional development are being made and measured on the basis of regions (development zones) established with Level 2 NUTS. As a candidate country to the EU, Turkey also tries to achieve harmonization and regional development through Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA). In this study, the extent to which the development regions identified in the Turkish scale should benefit from such supports is assessed on the basis of specific criteria. How to distribute IPA support, which is a limited resource, to the regions according to framework agreements and regional development goals is a complex issue. In order to solve this problem, development zones are evaluated using two different Multi Criteria Decision Making methods: Fuzzy-PROMETHEE and Fuzzy-MULTIMOORA. As a result, a framework to provide specific distribution of funds to support regional development and to show the weaknesses of these regions is presented.     

实现收入分配公平的税制改革

收入分配公平是构建和谐社会所追寻的目标,它既包括市场意义上的"市场公平"也包括社会意义上的"社会公平"。"市场公平"是指自然禀赋不同、努力程度不同的人所获得的收入也应该不同;"社会公平"是指为保持社会稳定、实现共同富裕而调整收入的相对份额,使收入分配的差距不至于无法让人忍受。税收作为政府所掌握有力杠杆既可以校正市场缺陷,促进市场分配机制的完善,实现"市场公平";也可以直接调节居民收入,实现"社会公平"。     

EARNINGS,INDEPENDENCE OR UNEMPLOYMENT: WHY BECOME SELF-EMPLOYED?

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to estimate the role played by three key variables (namely expected earnings, the desire for independence and the ability to find paid employment) on the paid employee/self-employment decision using a simple three stage utility maximization model. The empirical results suggest that individuals are attracted to self-employment because of higher expected earnings relative to paid employment and by the freedom from managerial constraints that it offers. Evidence is also produced supporting the prosperity pull argument for self-employment. Marital status, parents employment status, housing equity and occupational status clearly emerge as significant determinants of labour market choice.     

什么因素在多大程度上影响了居民地区收入差距水平?——基于1987～2005年省际面板数据的分析

在改革发展的进程中,我国居民地区收入差距呈现出阶梯型上升的态势。2006年以来差距程度虽有所下降,但差距仍然过大。居民地区收入差距的拉大是由物质资本、人力资本、政府政策、全球化、城镇化和经济体制改革等诸多因素造成的。本文在实证分析的基础上认为,就各影响因素之的贡献度来看,物质资本因素对于居民地区收入差距具有34.5%的贡献,人力资本、政府政策和全球化因素的贡献度均超过10%,而城镇化和经济体制改革因素的贡献度相对较低。     

交通、教育基础设施的共同富裕效应研究——基于异质性视角的考察

依据理论机制与模型论证基础设施和共同富裕的关系,并基于2010—2020年全国208个主要地级市数据,实证检验交通、教育基础设施改善对共同富裕的作用、路径及异质性效果。研究表明：交通和教育基础设施改善能显著促进共同富裕,但存在区域城市异质性效果和时滞效应。交通基础设施改善能通过推进人口城镇化、促进就业、强化经济集聚能力建立促进共同富裕的长效机制,而教育基础设施在通过改善人口城镇化助力共同富裕方面存在一定的阻碍。在农村收入占比的双重门槛约束下,两种基础设施的共同富裕效应存在差异：当农村收入占比处于低门槛区间时,教育基础设施的共同富裕效应显著,但交通基础设施效果失灵;随着农村收入占比的增长,交通基础设施的挤占效应消失;当农村收入占比处于高门槛区间,教育基础设施作用不显著,交通基础设施的边际贡献显著为正。     

Trade, migration and regional unemployment

A by now large literature in regional economics has greatly improved our understanding of the determinants of the observed spatial disparities in productivity. However, this literature neglects what seems to be a robust and persistent fact accompanying regional productivity differences: high productivity regions also have lower unemployment than low productivity regions. In this paper, we set out a model in the New Economic Geography (NEG)/job search tradition to explore the theoretical determinants of this fact. We find that the same forces producing regional agglomeration and productivity differences also generate persistent unemployment disparities. Moreover, we highlight a contrast between the short-run and long-run effects of migration on regional unemployment. In particular, migration from the periphery to the core may reduce unemployment disparities in the short-run, but exacerbates them in the long-run.     

物流运输活动导致区域环境恶化的计量方法

我国运输事业日趋繁荣,运输车辆不断增加,由此导致的环境问题也日益凸显。如何衡量运输活动对区域环境的影响,如何定量分析区域环境的恶化程度,是很多部门关心的问题。本文应用模糊识别理论,衡量了区域环境变化的程度,希望对有关部门起到借鉴作用。     

Youth labour market performances in the Russian and Italian regions

The focus of this paper is on youth unemployment in Italy and Russia: in both countries, youth unemployment rates (YURs) are higher than adult (or total) ones. Despite these general trends, there are significant regional differences in YURs and above-average YUR regions tend to cluster close to each other. Moreover, a distinction between “North” and “South” regions seems appropriate for both countries. The purpose of this study is to identify key determinants of YURs in the Russian and Italian regions, for the period 2000–2009. We also search for the existence of distance spatial effects. In particular, we estimate a modified Arellano–Bond model for the regional YUR, including some explanatory and control variables (e.g. regional GDP in PPP, regional population density, regional total unemployment rate), together with year dummies and North/South dummies. The use of distance matrixes enables important analysis to be conducted on the role played by spatial effects, which turn out to be significant. Also the negative impact of the 2008–2009 crisis is statistically confirmed (at least in the case of Italy). The relevant policy implications are highlighted in the conclusions.     

临沂市传统批发产业向现代物流业转变研究

本文根据经济全球化的发展趋势对临沂市批发产业的冲击和影响,在分析临沂市批发产业存在问题的基础上,提出了加强政府管理,培育建设现代物流市场,提高现代物流业的科技含量,搭建物流信息平台,建立物流因区等宏观策略和批发企业的改造利用原有设施,更新观念,重新确定批发的功能定位和应用供应链管理理念等措施来改造提升临沂市的批发产业,为临沂市的经济腾飞起到推波助澜的作用.     

比较优势驱动生态模式——区际产业转移形成机理的一种新框架

在概括国内外区际产业转移理论研究成果的基础上,指出现有理论成果中仍缺乏区际产业转移形成机理完整的理论分析框架.通过区际产业转移形成机理的系统分析,提出了比较优势驱动生态模式,认为区域间比较优势差异是区际产业转移的根本动力,机会成本比较为产业转移提供方向,区域主导产业更替是产业转移过程的表现。因此,区际产业转移是区域经济发展到一定时期所采取的必要手段。     

Prices and Regional Variation in Welfare

One would expect regional differences in prices to influence conclusions concerning levels and distributions of well-being. Although there is anecdotal evidence of significant price dispersion across regions, there is no governmental source of data that measures differences in price levels. In this paper I integrate estimates of regional prices with expenditure data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys to assess the influence of price differences on living standards in the United States. While prices have little effect on inequality, estimates of poverty and the standard of living change substantially with the inclusion of regional price variation.     

我国区域经济发展现状与财政政策对策

自从改革开放以来,国内的经济快速发展,但是我国东西部的区域经济发展出现较大的不平衡。主要体现在东部发展较快,但是中西部由于受地理位置的约束,造成经济发展迟缓。东部和西部的人均GDP和居民收入存在显著的差异,因此,国家需要出台一系列的区域发展政策来实现宏观调控,通过运用财政政策,促进区域经济的可持续协调发展。     

我国港口经济发展的战略选择

从港口相关概念和发展历程开始，阐述了我国商贸港口发展面临的国际产业转移的重大机遇，以及如何及时抓住机遇，继续扩大区位优势，争取更多政策支持，培育产业集聚形态，促进港口经济繁荣，增强港口城市经济活力。     

WHY ARE SOME PLACES RICH WHILE OTHERS ARE POOR? THE INSTITUTIONAL NECESSITY OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM

We survey perspectives on the economic differences between countries and argue that economic freedom is the key to prosperity. We close by outlining the policy implications. Specifically, removing obstacles to the exercise of economic freedom is an important step towards prosperity.     

试论京津冀都市圈发展产业集群中开发性金融的作用

京津冀都市圈作为我国北方地区的经济中心,没有充分发挥区域经济发展的引擎作用,产业集群发展不力是重要因素.国家开发银行作为政府的开发性金融机构,运用开发性金融的原理和方法,可以在支持京津冀都市圈加快产业集群发展中发挥重要而独特的作用.文章对产业集群理论做了简要介绍,并从分析京津冀都市圈产业集群的现状和问题入手,提出开发性金融支持京津冀都市圈产业集群的发展规划先行、区域政策协调、基础设施保障、融资支持模式,试图找到一条促进本区域产业集群加快发展的新路子.     

我国高新技术企业发展的区域差异化探析

我国实施高新技术企业政策历经三十多年,高新技术企业数量逐年增加,对引领企业自主创新功不可没.虽然高新技术企业发展较快,但在各区域间存在较大差异化,表现在数量规模、创新能力、经营质态上,西部、东北地区与东部地区、中部地区比较差距较大.本文由这种区域差异化的原因探析出发,从区域层面和国家层面对推动西部和东北地区高新技术企业...     

基于超效率SBM模型的中国区域全要素能源效率评价

建立了基于DEA模型的全要素能源效率评价指标体系,运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型,对我国30个省(直辖市、自治区)2007—2016年的能源效率进行了测度,将测度结果按照东部、中部、西部三个区域进行了时空差异分析,并对各区域的全要素能源效率变化趋势进行收敛性检验。结果显示:2007—2016年我国全要素能源效率整体呈现下降趋势,从三个区域的对比研究可以看出,我国区域能源效率存在明显差异,具体表现为东部能源效率最高、中部次之、西部最差,与我国区域经济发展水平的梯度相一致。通过收敛性检验可以看出2007—2016年,我国全要素能源效率呈发散趋势,即地区之间的差距在逐渐增大。