高校勤工助学中心绩效管理研究

勤工助学是提高学生综合素质、帮助家庭困难学生的有效途径,在高等教育中具有深远的意义。绩效管理是一种提高组织员工的绩效和开发团队、个体的潜能,使组织不断获得成功的管理思想和具有战略意义的管理方法。本文利用问卷调查和统计分析,对高校勤工助学中心的绩效管理现状进行了解,并将绩效管理体系的内容应用到勤工助学中心,发现勤工助学中心现行的绩效管理中存在的问题,并提出可能的解决方案。     

Learning in a competitive field: MBA students' improvised case studies of IHRM

Recent management research on improvisation has sought to identify ways that unplanned change and structure are linked when novel solutions appear and develop during action. This article examines an improvised learning approach to the traditional case study method, in which Master of Business Administration (MBA) students learn through preparing and delivering their own case studies. The process of improvised learning is explained within the context of teaching international human resource management/organizational behaviour and analysed by applying Bourdieu's theory of practice which understands the participants' learning to be situated within a competitive social field.

It is concluded that MBA students learn from this improvised approach provided that the professor's role accommodates being a case study expert with the roles of teaching and learning consultant. The concept of competitive field is recommended as a tool for management educators' reflection upon enabling MBA students to develop their capabilities in designing and delivering management learning sessions.     

Optimal requirement allocation among quantity-discount quoting suppliers

We consider a problem motivated by a central purchasing organization for a major office products distributor. This purchasing organization must source a quantity of a particular resale item from a set of capacitated suppliers. In our case each supplier offers an incremental quantity discount purchase price structure. The purchaser’s objective is to obtain a quantity of a required item at minimum cost. The resulting problem is one of allocating order quantities among an approved supply base and involves minimizing the sum of separable piecewise linear concave cost functions. We develop a branch and bound algorithm that arrives at an optimal solution by generating linear knapsack subproblems with feasible solutions to the original problem. This research was partially supported by a 2007 Summer Research Grant awarded to Asoo J. Vakharia.     

The Consultant–Client Relationship: Critical Perspectives on the Management of Organizational Change

The management consultancy industry is attracting more and more attention. The critical literature in particular has questioned how a non-codified body of knowledge like 'consultancy' could become so apparently influential. The answering emphasis has been on the symbolic nature of consultant strategies and consultancy as a powerful system of persuasion. However, an emerging structural perspective has developed a rather different view, focusing on the limits of the industry discourse, and the constraints of a consultancy role defined largely by external forces. While it is useful to contrast the two perspectives – strategic and structural – they can also be viewed as complementary, and indeed a number of writers have been well aware both of the importance of consultant strategies and the context of consultancy work. In particular, they have explored the interaction between consultant and client, and called attention to factors like the countervailing power of client organizations and the uncertainty of the management task. The paper aims to contribute to this debate and draws on case studies of consultants' role in the management of organizational change – one of clients with considerable market power, and another of interdependency between consultant and client. The point stressed is that the consultancy process contains no 'necessary' structures (which may be implied by pairings such as the dependent client and indispensable consultant, or alternatively the resistant client and vulnerable consultant). Instead the consultant–client relationship is best regarded as part of an overarching managerial structure and a contingent exchange that assumes a variety of forms.     

Learning organization at higher education institutions in the EU: proposal for implementing philosophy of learning organization—results from research

Quality & Quantity - For an organization to develop, to improve, and to innovate in this information age, it requires a management system that will maximize use of human potential that it has...     

Behind clients’ doors: What hinders client firms from “professionally” dealing with consultancy?

Prior research has located the issue of “professional” conduct with consultancy predominantly within the relationship between the manager and the consultant. However, recent studies provide indications that dealing professionally with consultancy may fail because of goal divergences between the individual managers and the organization. The first aim of this article is to re-examine this assumption theoretically, by drawing on agency theory, and empirically, by focusing on a single case study. Through this approach certain attitudes exhibited by managers are identified, which hinder dealing with consultancy in a professional manner across the entire organization. This observation motivates the second aim of the article: since the managers’ attitudes deviate from the company's goals in dealings with consultancy, the adequacy of governance measures needs to be analyzed. Several researchers have observed that companies primarily use control-based measures, like central procurement rules or policies, to govern managers dealing with consultancy. However, these measures are not readily accepted by managers. In view of the above, this study investigates alternative measures, which are summarized as incentive-based measures.     

The future of nanotechnologies

Nanotechnology is the first major worldwide research initiative of the 21st century. Nanotechnologies are applied to cross industrial problems and are a general purpose technology that acts as both a basis for technology solutions or at the convergence of other enabling technologies, like biotechnologies, computational sciences, physical sciences, communication technologies, cognitive sciences, social psychology and other social sciences. Nanotechnologies are pervasive solution vectors in our economic environment. It is necessary to develop new methods to assess nanotechnologies development to better understand nanotechnology based innovation. As general purpose and enabling technologies, nanotechnologies reveal commercialization processes, from start-ups to large firms in collaboration with public sector research, and which lead to changing patterns of industrial organization which influence public policy initiatives to foster their development.     

How to not get burned by consultants

Benefit consultants run the gamut, from specialized independents to international corporations employing various types of benefits people. Find out how to choose a consultant that is compatible with your organization.     

Using dynamic programming with adaptive grid scheme for optimal control problems in economics

The study of the solutions of dynamic models with optimizing agents has often been limited by a lack of available analytical techniques to explicitly find the global solution paths. On the other hand, the application of numerical techniques such as dynamic programming to find the solution in interesting regions of the state was restricted by the use of fixed grid size techniques. Following Grüne (Numer. Math. 75 (3) (1997) 319; University of Bayreuth, submitted, 2003), in this paper an adaptive grid scheme is used for finding the global solutions of discrete time Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations. Local error estimates are established and an adapting iteration for the discretization of the state space is developed. The advantage of the use of adaptive grid scheme is demonstrated by computing the solutions of one- and two-dimensional economic models which exhibit steep curvature, complicated dynamics due to multiple equilibria, thresholds (Skiba sets) separating domains of attraction and periodic solutions. We consider deterministic and stochastic model variants. The studied examples are from economic growth, investment theory, environmental and resource economics.     

论监理单位的“独立性”及“代理人”角色

监理单位对业主的独立性问题在我国目前监理理论、实践中有很多的争议。监理单位的独立性有两种含义：责任意义上的独立性和组织意义上的独立性。应该否定其责任意义上的独立性而强调其组织意义上的独立性。监理单位的“代理人”问题则是与“独立性”问题紧密相关的，应该重视其经济学意义上的代理角色。     

Getting the best solution from a supplier – A social capital perspective

Due to the current shift towards solution provision in many industrial markets, buyers are under increasing pressure to develop sourcing strategies to procure custom solutions for their firm in order to achieve competitive advantage. The question arises as to how buyers can ensure they get the best solutions from their suppliers and whether social capital can be applied to improve solution provision processes and value creation. Existing empirical research, however, has paid only little attention to the antecedents of suppliers’ solution provision performance, i.e., their capability to diagnose buyer needs and to design and implement solutions to meet them. We tested how social capital dimensions (relational, cognitive, and structural) relate to solution provision. The study uses empirical data obtained from a survey of 475 suppliers representing both manufacturing and service industries. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM) and polynomial regression were used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that the availability of social capital in a buyer-supplier relationship is a relevant antecedent to successful solution provision activities. However, the different dimensions of social capital are found to compensate for each other to some extent. Our study further demonstrates that solution provision is not a monolithic activity but can better be understood as a multi-phase process (diagnosis, solution design, and implementation). Different aspects of social capital may have a different impact depending on the phase of solution provision. The successful diagnosis of buyer needs mediates the effect of social capital on solution design and implementation. It is also found that production characteristics of a buyer and the type of a supplier solution affect the role of social capital in solution provision process.     

The forward method as a solution refinement in rational expectations models

This paper generalizes the standard forward method of recursive substitution to a general class of linear rational expectations models with potentially multiple fundamental solutions. It is shown that the existence and uniqueness of the well-known forward solution are preserved in a general context. We also propose a key property embedded in the forward solution - the no-bubble condition - as an economically sensible solution refinement in the class of fundamental solutions. In the literature, the no-bubble condition has been assumed to rule out non-fundamental bubble solutions. We show that the forward solution is the only rational expectations equilibrium satisfying the no-bubble condition and consequently, it is the most relevant fundamental solution within the class of fundamental equilibria. Several economic examples are provided where the fundamental solutions obtained by other solution methods and refined by other solution selection criteria violate the no-bubble condition.     

Encouraging sustainable entrepreneurship in climate-threatened communities: a Samoan case study

South Pacific island states are at the forefront of climatic changes that have precipitated severe environmental events. These small countries also face economic and social challenges that require entrepreneurial solutions. We develop a model of how external factors and chance events impact on sustainable opportunity recognition and exploitation in this context. We assess the efficacy of this model in an in-depth study of Women in Business Development Incorporated, a non-governmental organization that helps women and families in Samoa to establish sustainable enterprises. Our findings make a significant contribution to the emerging literature on entrepreneurship, sustainability and resilience in at-risk communities by showing how key organizational capabilities are necessary for coping with exogenous shocks in this context. The findings have important implications for research, policy and practice.     

Boundary conditions for turnover intentions: exploratory evidence from China,Jordan, Turkey,and the United States

Over the past decade, employability has been presented by its advocates as the solution to employment uncertainty, and by its critics as a management rhetoric possessing little relevance to the experiences of most workers. This article suggests that while employability has failed to develop into a key research area, a deeper probing of its message is warranted. In particular, it is suggested that employability may have resonance with employees as workers rather than as employees of their immediate employing organization. This demands a slightly different approach to studying employability than some other related phenomena such as employee commitment, which has resonance only in relation to the employing organization. In adopting a social identity approach, the significance of the employability message is shown to lie not only in employees' willingness to disassociate from their existing work groups and pursue individual mobility, but also in its capacity to undermine workers' collective responses to grievances and unwanted organizational changes. A future research agenda is presented which highlights the need to address recent attempts to develop employability expectations among graduate career entrants, and for a closer critical engagement with management writings that attempt to justify the unnecessary espousal of the self-development message.     

Auditor independence,incomplete contracts and the role of legal liability

We develop a model in which there is conflict of interest between the management and the shareholders of an organization. Incompleteness of contracts prevents a simple contracting solution to this problem. We suggest that auditors can play a role in aligning the conflicting interests. However, this result is dependent on auditors maintaining independence from management. Again however, incompletenesses in contracting causes difficulties because it may be hard to ensure that auditors maintain this required independence. In this context, the imposition of potential legal liability (punishment) on the auditor, may be an important commitment mechanism for the auditors, making it credible that they will not collude with the management. In order to give our model institutional structure we study how this collusion may take place through the reappointment concerns of the auditor. In the reappointment game, we consider how legal liability levels could be chosen so that it becomes credible to expect that auditors will not implicitly collude with management and provide a low duty of care.     

The patient safety chain: Transformational leadership's effect on patient safety culture, initiatives, and outcomes

The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of a patient safety chain for hospitals. Drawing on high reliability organization theory, multifactor leadership theory and total quality management literature, we develop and test a model for improving patient safety – a critical issue facing hospitals today. Specifically, we hypothesize that improving patient safety begins at the highest level of the organization with a transformational leadership style. This leads to a sequence of linkages whereby transformational leadership has an important relationship with creating a culture of safety, which in turn is associated with the adoption of patient safety initiatives, and ultimately with positive improvements in patient safety outcomes. Using data from a nationwide survey of over 200 hospitals, we use structural equation modeling to provide empirical support for the effectiveness of this patient safety chain model. The results have major implications for enhancing operations in hospital settings.     

Empowering by de-depowering: towards an HR strategy for realizing the power of empowerment

Empowerment is still on the agenda as a management concept. The rhetoric around it is very much in line with good old human relations values, and it put forward as a recipe for coping with increasingly rough waters. This paper argues that these recipes are often of the type 'the solution is the problem'. Rather than expose themselves dubious empowering tools, organizations should seek to identify what 'de-powers' their employees. Genuine empowerment is nourished by an empowering organization. Six, fairly general de-powering tendencies are provided as illustration. It is suggested that empowerment efforts should be directed towards creating better grounds for empowerment. A strategy for doing this could be aimed at de-powering the organization. Guidelines for such a strategy are suggested.     

Developing rapport between materiel management and surgery

A materiel management system, developed into an efficient organization, seems to be the most practical solution to solve interrelations between two complex operational departments, the CPD and surgery, be it for supply acquisition, inventory, processing, or distribution. The goal is to develop the most intelligent and efficient method so that the materiel management facility renders the required service to the surgical department, which in turn, services patient needs at the lowest possible cost.     

我国农田水利发展中存在的问题及解决建议

随着农民生活水平提高,在解决了人畜饮水困难以后,普及农村自来水已逐步成为农民的迫切要求。目前,农业节水进度远不适应日趋严重的干旱缺水形势,必须加大节水工作力度,进一步提高用水效率。