内蒙古中小物流企业竞争力分析

中小物流企业是我国物流产业的主体,是我国物流企业发展的中坚力量,企业的发展与壮大,将直接影响到我国物流企业的发展和物流管理水平的提高。文章运用波特的"五力竞争模型"分析法,通过分析内蒙古地区中小物流企业在竞争中所处的环境,来具体说明内蒙古的中小物流企业如何去提升自己在行业的竞争力,进而在激烈的市场竞争中的获得成功。     

中小物流企业竞争力研究

中小物流企业是我国物流产业的主体，其是否可以发展壮大，是我国物流企业快速成长的关键。抓住企业的竞争重点，找出其存在的问题，尽快培育、强化企业核心竞争力，才能使企业获得长久的竞争优势，也是中小物流企业当前最为关键的任务。     

国内中小物流企业实施CRM的新思考—外取客户关系管理

随着经济全球化的进一步发展和我国加入WTO，外资纷纷进入我国物流市场．我国物流业面临的竞争越来越激烈。如何“留住老客户．发展新客户”是每个国内物流企业领导所关注的问题。国内中小物流企业如何实施CRM战略是决定其竞争成败的关键。但国内中小物流企业的现状又为它们实施CRM设置了障碍。本文通过对国内中小物流企业实施CRM战略的必要性进行分析．结合当前我国中小物流企业的现状提出了我国中小物流企业采用外取客户关系管理的办法能使它们在激烈的竞争环境下取得竞争优势。     

武汉市中小物流企业现状与发展建议

随着物流业的发展与市场形势的变化，物流企业之间的竞争也日益加剧，盈利也越来越困难，在这种情形下，中小物流企业采取何种策略来提升其竞争力，已成为关系中小物流企业存亡的关键问题。文章以武汉市中小物流企业为例，分析了其物流企业现状以及优劣势，并提出了一些发展建议。     

中小物流企业市场竞争研究

2005年5月1日,《物流企业分类与评估指标》的出台将推动我国物流行业的重新洗牌.“洗牌”后中小物流企业在我国物流企业中仍占绝大多数.中小物流企业的生存、发展以及壮大将直接影响我国物流业的健康快速发展.本文根据当前我国物流市场的竞争环境,通过对中小物流企业竞争可能性的分析,提出了一系列针对中小物流企业的竞争策略,以促进中小物流企业突出重围,不断发展壮大.     

我国中小物流企业发展的问题与对策探索

中小物流企业是我国物流行业的主力军,面对物流业的激烈竞争,大力发展我国中小物流企业对我国国民经济的发展至关重要。本文分析了我国中小物流企业发展存在的问题,包括发展战略不明确,市场定位不合理,综合服务能力差和人才短缺等问题,并提出相应的合理发展对策。     

物流企业差异化竞争策略研究

近年来,以网购为代表的电子商务突飞猛进的发展,给我国物流业企业的发展壮大提供了难得的机遇,但也使得我国的物流市场竞争变得激烈而复杂。如何利用自身资源来提高市场占有率,成为摆在中小物流企业面前的难题。本文从差异化竞争策略的概念入手,分析了差异化竞争在物流企业发展过程中的重要意义,最后提出一些具体的差异化竞争策略,从而使得企业通过正确的差异化战略定位,增强自身在市场上的竞争优势和竞争力。     

中外物流企业的合作与竞争

入世后我国物流企业整体竞争力的提高，要着眼于确定明确适宜的发展战略和市场定位，以利培育竞争优势和获取较大市场份额。近年来，我国物流产业和企业都有了较快发展，但与发达国家比差距很大，这既有“先天不足”的因素，也有发展战略和发展对策不适应竞争国际化要求的后天原因。所以应从观念转变和发展战略入手，提高我国物流企业的整体竞争力水平，这样有利于我国物流企业走向世界和在本国市场与外商开展合作与竞争。本文运用合作与竞争的基础理论，分析论述中外企业合作以利竞争的战略，提出企业与外商开展不同形式的合作，以提高自身竞争力的问题。     

我国中小物流企业面临的问题和对策研究

作为我国物流市场主力军的中小物流企业,由于自身规模小,实力弱等原因,在市场竞争中呈现出增长乏力、后劲不足的态势。面对国内外大的物流公司挑战,中小物流企业应采取何种发展策略以提高物流效率,提升企业竞争力,已成为关系中小物流企业生存与发展的关键问题。本文试从我国部分中小物流企业现状出发,分析其存在问题的原因,并提出相关的对策。     

我国中小物流企业的竞争战略选择分析

通过战略来建立自己的竞争优势,已成为众多企业提升竞争力的重要手段。在国外物流巨头们纷纷入侵、国内大中型物流公司纷纷酝酿着转型、扩张之际,我国中小物流企业面临的竞争压力也日益升温,对于这些中小物流企业来说,如何在强敌如林的市场竞争中打造出属于自己的一片天地已迫在眉睫。文中将在分析阐述我国中小物流企业面临的现状的基础上,着重围绕它们如何选择、制定竞争战略问题做一个简单的探讨。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.