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1.
关于基尼系数分解分析的讨论   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
本文通过几何分解的方法阐述了基尼系数在不同群体中进行分解的过程,并在此基础上对群体间基尼系数的应用和群体内基尼系数的进一步分解进行了讨论。说明由于交叉项的存在,基尼系数只能对不同收入群体进行有限的分解,对群体内基尼系数的进一步分解是极为勉强的。只有当各群体收入重叠程度较低时,方可对交叉项进行忽略,此时对群体内基尼系数的进一步分解才具有较清晰的经济含义。  相似文献   

2.
《价值工程》2013,(6):280-281
文章以我国居民个人收入为研究对象,测算了三种收入不平等指数,并按收入来源法对其进行了分解。研究表明:2009年我国居民收入的不平等程度是比较高的,且基尼系数城镇低于农村;从不平等指数的分解结果来看,工资收入扩大了总收入的不平等;退休金收入减小了居民收入不平等。  相似文献   

3.
区位基尼系数的计算、性质及其应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
基于产业规模探索区位基尼系数的简化计算、区域分解和两位数产业分解,给出产业份额、区位商以及产业份额空间测度加权区位基尼系数的分解公式,提供相对边际效应和增量分解的计算公式。利用我国2004年、2008年的经济普查数据,计算国民经济19个字母产业的区位基尼系数,得出以产业份额计算的区位基尼系数更能反映产业聚集程度的结论,并使用产业份额区位基尼系数进行实证分析。  相似文献   

4.
度量收入差距最常用的统计指标是基尼系数,但是由于基尼系数在按群组分解时的问题使得应用中受到许多限制,因此本文把相对剥夺理论引入基尼系数的子群分解中,得到了一个新的基尼系数子群分解公式,分解公式使群内差距和群间差距具有相同的形式,而且不仅能够计算高收入子群对低收入子群的相对剥夺,还能计算低收入子群对高收入子群的相对剥夺。并利用天津市2008年城镇居民住户调查数据进行了实证分析。  相似文献   

5.
城乡综合基尼系数测算是在中国现有统计方式和数据可获得条件下的一个特殊问题,主要表现为如何在仅有城镇和农村各自的分组收入数据约束下更好地估算城乡综合基尼系数(或称城乡合一基尼系数、全国基尼系数)。针对包括城乡加权法和分层加权法等在内的子群分解法无法解决的城乡收入数据重叠难题,函数加总法通过城乡收入分布或密度函数加总形式予以化解,但既有的函数加总方法却又引发了对全国和组内最高收入的依赖问题。本文采取城乡间接洛伦兹曲线加总的形式规避了对两种最高收入的依赖,并以CHIPs2007数据为例对城乡综合基尼系数若干方法计算结果的有效性和稳健性进行了比较。此外,文章还在新改进方法的框架下进一步表达了基尼系数的城乡分解公式。  相似文献   

6.
基尼系数子群分解的常规方法是将总体基尼系数分解为群内不平等、群间不平等和剩余项三个部分,其中关于剩余项的解释一直为学者们所关注.本文依据基尼系数的计算公式推导出了剩余项的表达式,非常简洁地说明了剩余项的涵义,即剩余项反映了子群聚类后每个收入的排序变化对基尼系数的影响.最后,利用简洁公式本文分析了我国农村居民人均收入在三大经济带之间的交错程度.  相似文献   

7.
我国目前的居民收入分组数据是按照城镇居民和农村居民分别统计的,如何由农村和城镇居民收入分配基尼系数推算全国基尼系数,是一个重要的问题。本文考虑了城镇和农村居民收入的重叠,对“分组加权法”进行了修正,提出了“修正城乡加权法”,对我国居民收入分配基尼系数作出了实际推算。  相似文献   

8.
本文使用全国数据分析了改革以来中国城镇居民收入差距的总体特征,并基于天津市典型调查数据,应用基尼系数分解方法研究了近20年来城镇居民收入差距的变动轨迹及其影响因素.针对基尼系数的收入构成分解研究显示,工资性收入的分布状况基本上决定了城镇居民收入差距的变动趋势,财产性收入和经营性收入的分配状况趋于相对均等化,转移性收入对总收入差距的平抑作用被大大削弱,社会保障体系在覆盖面扩大的同时可能存在识别和瞄准上的方向性偏误;而从人口特征角度进行的基尼系数分解研究则显示,居民行业差别、就业性质以及受教育程度成为影响城镇居民收入差距最重要的三大因素.  相似文献   

9.
为研究最低工资是否可以降低收入不平等程度,提出基于中位数与众数比值计算基尼系数的新算法。借助最低工资的截断效应和溢出效应理论,构建最低工资对工资收入分布的冲击作用模型,利用数值模拟方法分析最低工资对于混合基尼系数的微观影响机制。结果表明,最低工资可以通过减小单个分布基尼系数和众数差距降低混合基尼系数。代表最低工资执行力度的冲击系数越大,最低工资降低收入不平等程度的效率越高。  相似文献   

10.
分组数据条件下基尼系数的有效估算方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文先讨论了洛伦兹曲线的KP变换,再使用线性插值法导出了实践中广泛使用的基尼系数公式并分析了误差,接着引进了用样条函数计算基尼系数的方法,最后利用中国统计年鉴于1993-1998年的数据,估算了我国城镇居民收入分配的基尼系数。  相似文献   

11.
This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.  相似文献   

12.
Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.  相似文献   

13.
En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.  相似文献   

14.
NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.  相似文献   

15.
There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.  相似文献   

16.
When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.  相似文献   

17.
While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.  相似文献   

18.
This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.  相似文献   

19.
Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.  相似文献   

20.
The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.  相似文献   

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