Student clubs: experiences in entrepreneurial learning

Student-led clubs that seek to enhance entrepreneurial learning can be found in many universities. Yet, like many areas of extra-curricular activity in entrepreneurship education, their role in supporting learning has not been researched widely. The paper introduces research that addresses this gap and investigates the nature of the learning process student's encounter when they take part in clubs. The study explores the literature on entrepreneurial learning; it examines the different concepts and considers their contribution to understanding student learning experiences. From the literature, a conceptual framework is presented, highlighting the key aspects of entrepreneurial learning relevant for the field research. The methodology is introduced, including a series of qualitative studies and a survey of students. The study focuses on two types of student-led clubs ‘entrepreneurship clubs’ and ‘Enactus clubs’ and provides a comparative analysis. The findings reported show a range of student learning benefits that simulate important aspects of entrepreneurial learning, such as learning by doing, learning through mistakes and learning from entrepreneurs. More nuanced findings are also presented showing differences in learning benefits between club forms and heighten benefits for students taking leadership roles. Ultimately, the paper contributes to research in entrepreneurship by illustrating how student clubs support entrepreneurial learning.     

Science-based entrepreneurship education as a means for university-industry technology transfer

This paper explores the potential of university-industry technology transfer through science-based entrepreneurship education (SBEE). The scientific literature focuses mostly on enabling university-industry technology transfer via university-industry collaboration in research, and not so much in (science) education. The paper identifies four strands of relevant literature for further theorizing SBEE principles to research its contribution to industry-technology transfer: 1. Embedding entrepreneurship education in universities; 2. Balancing theory and practice of entrepreneurship education; 3. Cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset through entrepreneurship education; and 4. Creating spin-offs through entrepreneurship education. One of the main theoretical contributions of this paper is, that SBEE is different from regular entrepreneurship education in its need for being firmly embedded in a science, technology and R&D environment, both within and outside the university. This is important in order to give SBEE students the opportunity to gain experience with handling the hurdles for successful university-industry technology transfer. The main empirical finding is that elements in the program, related to for example the balance between teaching entrepreneurship through theory and experiential learning, are not systematically covered. It means that fundamental questions such as: Can entrepreneurship be indeed taught? Which elements of entrepreneurship can be taught through theory, and which ones must be experienced in practice? are currently left unanswered. Systematic coverage of these questions enables a better exploitation of the possibilities that SBEE offers for university-industry technology transfer.

     

Revolutionizing training and education? Three questions regarding massive open online courses (MOOCs)

MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course and represents an instructional approach that permits hundreds of thousands of students to access online courses anywhere around the world and typically free of charge. There have been a number of stories in the popular press suggesting that MOOCs may revolutionize training and education, but evidence regarding the instructional effectiveness of MOOCs is primarily anecdotal and overarching statistics reveal that the vast majority of students drop out before completing these courses. We pose three questions that need to be answered about the use and effectiveness of MOOCs before MOOCs can be considered a credible and useful instructional approach: 1) Who enrolls in MOOCs and why do they enroll? 2) Are students self-aware and able to self-regulate their learning in MOOCs? 3) Are MOOCs effective and how can we maximize their effectiveness?     

转变中职学生数学学习方法之尝试

中职学生难教，中职数学更难教。这其中有家庭、学校的原因，也有社会的原因；有教师教学方法方面的问题，也有学生学习方法方面的问题。文章主要介绍笔者在转变中职学生数学学习方法方面的一些尝试。     

Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies

Abstract

Despite the worldwide increase in entrepreneurship education offered at universities, there is an ongoing debate whether and under which conditions this type of education contributes to students’ entrepreneurial learning. Building on human capital theory, we hypothesize that the exposure to various entrepreneurship education initiatives has an inverted U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurial learning outcomes. We also argue that this relationship is moderated by the entrepreneurial experience of the students, the teaching pedagogy applied in entrepreneurial initiatives offered at the university and the prevalence of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in the country. A multi-level analysis on a cross-country sample of 87,918 students resulting from GUESSS (‘Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey’) strongly confirms our hypotheses, and allows us to discuss implications for researchers, educators and policy makers with respect to the nature of entrepreneurial learning, the design of entrepreneurial education programs, as well as the contextual conditions that impact entrepreneurial learning outcomes.     

基于PBGS的创业教育课程项目式教学的探索与实践

分析现有创业教育教学问题的基础上,结合创业教育自身的特点,提出基于项目的团队学习(PBGS)的教学模式。并以《创业管理》课程为例,通过设置高度实践性的课程教学项目,引导学生进行以团队协作为基础的自主学习,以期促进学生理论水平与创业素质的提高。     

Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘Social Entrepreneurship’: Altruism and Entrepreneurship

What is social entrepreneurship? In, particular, what’s so social about it? Understanding what social entrepreneurship is enables researchers to study the phenomenon and policy-makers to design measures to encourage it. However, such an understanding is lacking partly because there is no universally accepted definition of entrepreneurship as yet. In this paper, we suggest a definition of social entrepreneurship that intuitively accords with what is generally accepted as entrepreneurship and that captures the way in which entrepreneurship may be altruistic. Based on this we provide a taxonomy of social entrepreneurship and identify a number of real cases from Asia illustrating the different forms it could take.     

Feeling the risks: effects of the development of emotional competences with outdoor training on the entrepreneurial intent of university students

Nowadays, one of the roles of universities is the promotion of entrepreneurship, particularly, among students. Research on entrepreneurship at an individual level of analysis focuses on the personal characteristics and the entrepreneurial attitude that stimulate its development, studying the factors affecting that some individuals discover and exploit opportunities by creating a company, while others do not. Yet, it has been proved that psychological characteristics of individuals affect their entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, experiential learning techniques, such as outdoor training have been showed as useful to change emotional competences. However, there is not any research on how changes in emotional competencies influence individual entrepreneurial intent in university students, particularly after participating in an outdoor training experience. This paper analyses quantitative and qualitative data of last-year university students who participated in an outdoor training experience, measuring its emotional competences and entrepreneurial orientation, before and after that experience. It contributes to the understanding on how changes in emotional competences affect the entrepreneurial intent of university students. Results indicate that changes in emotional competences, such as self-management, social awareness, and relationship management affect entrepreneurial orientation, particularly innovation and risk, affecting, thus, entrepreneurial intention.     

基于慕课的大学英语翻转课堂教学模式构建

随着社会的发展,我国教学模式不断改革和完善。在信息技术不断深入发展的背景下,信息技术被广泛地应用在各种教学工作中。其中,大学英语教学工作也开始采用翻转课堂教学模式以及慕课教育。在大学英语教学工作中,将慕课理念和翻转课堂教学模式有效融合,可以大幅度提升教学质量,为学生提供形象化、专业化的英语内容,激发学生学习的主动性和积极性,提升英语教学的总体质量,促进学生全面发展。论文分析了基于慕课的大学英语翻转课堂教学模式的优势,提出基于慕课教育构建大学英语翻转课堂教学模式的可行性途径。     

University training for entrepreneurial competencies: Its impact on intention of venture creation

This study tests the effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on the entrepreneurial competencies and intention of university students in order to confirm (or disconfirm) conventional wisdom that entrepreneurial education increases the intention to start a business. We address the following research question: Do entrepreneurship education programmes raise the entrepreneurial competencies and intention of students? We used a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 864 university students of Castilla & León (Spain), from 863 students (403 taking the programme and 460 in a control group). The results showed that students in the ‘programme’ group increased their competencies and intention towards self-employment, whereas students in the control group did not. The findings contribute to the theories of planned behaviour and to the literature of entrepreneurship education itself, by revealing the effect of specific benefits for the students derived from the entrepreneurship ‘programme’.     

Entrepreneurial intentions, motivations and barriers: Differences among American, Asian and European students

Should entrepreneurship education be the same in every country or should it be adapted to each context? In addition to answering this question, it appears to be important to identify the concerns students have regarding their entrepreneurship education programs, so as to strengthen their perceptions of feasibility and desirability of an entrepreneurial career. In this article we examine whether differences exist among American, Asian and European students in terms of entrepreneurial intentions and dispositions, as well as motivations and perceived barriers for business startup. Results indicate that entrepreneurial disposition and intentions differ by country but that students across countries are motivated and/or discouraged by similar variables. However, our results indicate that the levels of sensitivity to each motivator and barrier differ by country. Our results support the argument made by past researches that cultural differences should be taken into consideration when developing entrepreneurship education programs.     

浅谈技校教学中的学生管理

教师在教学过程中不能只管教,不管学。教师要通过以身作则来带动学生学习,还要通过加强学生教育管理,控制课堂,帮助学生端正学生学习态度,让学生喜爱所学的专业,并能学成一技之长,为将来立足社会奠定扎实的基础。     

Determination of teachers’ perspectives and level of readiness towards MOOCs for tolerance education

New opportunities are now provided in individual’s lives due to the development of technology. This has led to changes in educational environments as well as technology, which has removed barriers to participation due to the novelty that it presents for teacher and the learners at the same time. The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) environment is the best example of this phenomenon where advanced technology is at the forefront and it is an extension of distance learning. By eliminating barriers such as place, time, background and infrastructure, the Massive Online Open Courses act as a guide for lifelong learning and enables learners to achieve rapid development on the, paving the way for learners to obtain certificates and diplomas at their own convenience, provided they have an Internet connection. The aim of this study is to improve a scale that is related to the determination of the teachers’ perspectives and the level of readiness towards traditional Massive Open Online Courses. Also, it will guide people who study in the MOOC field and provide them with future direction.

     

The impact of a STEM-based entrepreneurship program on the entrepreneurial intention of secondary school female students

Despite dedicated effort and research in the last two decades, the entrepreneurship field is still limited by little evidence-based knowledge of the impacts of entrepreneurship programs on the entrepreneurial intention of students in pre-university levels of study. Further, gender equity continues to be an issue in the entrepreneurial sector, particularly in STEM-focused entrepreneurship. In this context, this study was designed to explore the effects of a one-day female-focused STEM-based entrepreneurship program (for brevity, we call it the OzGirlsEntrepreneurship program) on the entrepreneurial intention of secondary school female students. The study collected data from two surveys completed by 193 secondary school female students, aged 14–16 years, who participated in the OzGirlsEntrepreneurship program. This program encouraged girls to develop and implement creative computational solutions to socially relevant problems, with an Internet of Things (IoT) component using the micro:bit device. The findings reveal that a key factor in the development of entrepreneurial attitudes in young female students is associated with soft-skills development, particularly in the areas of creative thinking, risk-taking, problem-solving, and leadership development. The importance of meaningful human connections, including positive role modelling and peer to peer learning were also important factors in fostering entrepreneurial intent. With these factors in mind, our findings highlight that the OzGirlsEntrepreneurship program substantially increased the entrepreneurial intention of secondary school female students. In addition, this study offers actionable implications and recommendations to develop and deliver entrepreneurship education programs for secondary school level students.

     

高职港口物流人才核心职业能力培养研究

港口业务管理专业在教学中应注重因材施教，坚持以职业能力培养为重点，把学生作为学习的主体，借鉴先进的行动导向教学法，建立以职业能力为核心的人才培养模式，教会学生学习方法，提高学生的心理承受能力，培养勇于探索的创新精神，形成港口业务管理专业核心的职业能力。     

搭建大学生创业服务的资源整合平台的探索

本文分析了当前大学生创业服务的资源整合方面存在的政策实效不足,资源协调不够等问题。以大学生"用户"需求为导向,探索搭建大学生创业服务资源整合的政策服务平台、课程平台、项目培育平台、人力资源平台、融资平台、服务咨询平台等六大平台,促进大学生创业。     

天使投资对大学生创业支持的障碍及对策分析

微型企业创业是大学生创业的必然选择,本文分析了天使投资对大学生创业支持的主要障碍因素,并给出了大力发展创业教育,制定政策支持大学生创业,鼓励天使投资人投资,建立天使投资人网络,加强相关立法研究等对策,对于微型企业克服资金障碍,健康成长具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship: An institutional perspective

Pursuing sustainable development through green entrepreneurship has been advocated, conceptualized, and empirically examined in the recent environmental management and entrepreneurship literature. However, green entrepreneurs are embedded in institutional environments that may discourage them from embracing sustainable development because of the “paradox of embedded agency.” How can a firm overcome the liability of such an agency issue and escape what has become known as a “green prison”? This study proposes that, because international venturing exposes firms to foreign institutions, it provides them with opportunities for institutional learning. Thus, we examine how international venturing influences green entrepreneurship which, in turn, impacts firm performance. Specifically, based on institutional theory, this study develops a firm-level green entrepreneurship framework with three dimensions: green initiatives (a firm's active adoption of green practices), received government green support (benefits that a firm gains from the government by adapting to governmental incentives, programs, and policies related to green practices), and green political influence (a firm's attempts to influence legislation that enacts laws, rules, and regulations related to green practices). The results obtained by analyzing 152 firms that engage in international venturing activities and 151 firms that do not show that international venturing is positively associated with green initiatives and government green support while these two factors further directly enhance firm performance and mediate the effects of international venturing on performance.     

大学计算机基础教学方法初探

大学计算机基础是非计算机专业的一门重要的公共基础课程,如何教好这门课程,笔者结合多年教学经验、体会及学院教学效果调查,从课程内容安排、大学生计算机文化意识的培养、考核机制、学习方法等方面提出一些观点与建议。     

谈树立高职院校服装专业学生创业观的途径

高职院校服装专业学生的创业观需要从环境氛围的营造、理论的引导、实践的检验等方面加以引导与激发,学生的创业观才会慢慢确立。创业氛围的营造是树立学生创业观的环境基础,创业理论的学习是树立学生创业观念的理论基础,创业实践的进行是树立学生创业观的行动基础。学习无止境,实践无止境,创业的学生要以实践为出发点和落脚点,与时俱进,才能树立良好的创业观。