解析价值工程在亲子产品开发设计中的应用

随着市场经济的进一步发展,消费品市场呈现商品种类极大丰富,产品目标市场细致化,消费者需求多元化,企业竞争白热化的局面。如何提高自身产品的竞争力,扩大市场占有率,满足消费者对商品提出的更高要求,是企业迫切要解决的问题。本文从价值工程角度寻求解决问题的方法,以亲子产品为例论述价值工程在产品开发设计中的具体应用。     

电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址模型

电子商务环境下的物流配送中心选址是个很复杂的问题,涉及的因素很多。本文分析了电子商务环境下物流配送的特点,基于成本最小化的基础上建立了选址模型,与传统的选址模型进行了比较;并通过费用最小化确定配送中心的数量、资源点与配送中心、配送中心与用户的供需关系。     

耐用消费品的消费者均衡研究——一个被新古典经济学所忽略的事实

当代流行的微观经济学的消费者行为理论,忽视了一个非常重要的事实,那就是:商品质量对效用可实现程度的影响。耐用消费品的消费者均衡是通过消费者对所购商品的质量作出决策来实现的,而不是商品的数量。通过模型计算表明:基于商品质量和基于商品数量的消费者均衡的条件是一致的。另外,质量替代现象是普遍存在的,它可以用来解释所谓的"吉芬物品"。     

基于升值期和贬值期时间变化的补货策略与定价决策

本文考虑时间对价格和需求量的影响,对产品在供应链环境下,分别以升值期和贬值期为时间周期作了供需关系及其补货与定价决策的定量研究。通过分别建立供需双方的利润函数模型并导出供方的最优定价和需方的最优订货量。在升值期中,供需双方在各补货周期内的利润随时间推移而增加,且产品价格和需求量也呈上升趋势;而在贬值期中,供需双方在各补货周期内的利润随时间推移而减少,且产品价格和需求量也呈下降趋势。最后,通过实例证实了上述结果。     

Consumer demand theory,goods and characteristics: Breathing empirical content into the Lancastrian approach

To begin with, it is argued that consumer demand theory has resulted in narrowly econometric more than broadly managerial applications. Further, Lancaster's recognition of the intrinsic attributes of goods has not been adequately exploited. Lancaster is summarized and appraised and empirical work to date reviewed. Finally a test of the characteristics hypothesis is given, using survey data on beer consumption. Subjectivity of choice is explicitly recognized and factor analysis is used to evaluate the components of demand of which quality and price variables appear to dominate. With the matching of the people-characteristics features (demand) and the technical goods-characteristics attributes (supply) a method of predicting demand is derived. This methodology may be used for a wide range of consumer goods.     

精益生产模式下集成化供应链优化研究——以快速消费品行业A公司为例

精益生产模式对快速消费品供应链要求较高,既要降低库存又要快速响应客户需求,不断消除供应链牛鞭效应带来的负面影响。近年来,A公司不断并购饼干业务,导致其饼干分销渠道逐渐拉长,供应链整合难度加大。基于此,在分析A公司供应链结构和特点基础上,构建集成化供应链管理运作模型,优化供应链运作流程和管理方法,促使其供应链协调顺畅发展。     

Sustainability concerns in luxury supply chains: European brand strategies and French consumer expectations

Sustainability in supply chain management has become a concern in both research and practice. Although consumption and purchasing have been significantly explored in the luxury sector, a gap in supply chain studies is still evident. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine how industry bodies and supply chain partners address sustainability concerns in the European luxury sector and how they respond to consumer expectations. In an explanatory study, we have collected data about sustainable supply chain practices in 11 European luxury good companies, by interviewing and surveying 13 managers. In a first consumer study, we held interviews with French luxury consumers in Bordeaux about their sustainability expectations (N = 170). The results show that while the distribution of attention is dependent on the respective supply chain activities, luxury goods companies address sustainability concerns and aim to take responsibility for their activities. However, the emphasis is on the dimension of economic sustainability. A comparison with sustainability expectations of French luxury goods consumers suggests that business practices are not perfectly well aligned with these expectations. Consumers put more emphasis on social and environmental sustainability dimensions. On the other hand, business activities concerning waste reduction and raw material management rather well match consumer expectations.     

浅析房价虚高对经济的影响

近期房价过高已成为人们热点关注的一个话题。过高的房价会给经济带来一系列的负面影响。首先,人们为了还银行贷款而降低了自己的边际消费倾向,使得消费品需求不足,这样将大大抵消投资扩张对经济增长的拉动作用。其次,被归还的大量银行贷款又被用于投资。这样更会加剧经济过热,拉动生产资料的价格,从而造成国内需求结构不合理的局面。最为重要的一点是,由于投资造成的货币供应的持续增加,很容易造成通货膨胀,而且现在已经有这种倾向了。房价过高的原因在于供给需求结构不合理,高价房供应太多,经济房严重不足,应该利用税收调整使其趋向合理。     

3PL企业切入快速消费品行业的机遇与挑战

由于快速消费品行业的快速扩张、布点以及其特有的产品经营策略．它们一般呈现了商品的多品种、小批量化、高配送频率、多配送点、快速配送要求以及需要完善的信息系统支撑等物流配送特征，使得整个物流活动更加复杂。文章从快速消费品的特点、对物流的需求等方面阐述了行业发展动态，尤其是第三方物流在切入快速消费品行业的机遇与挑战。最后，给出了快速消费品行业与第三方物流在以后的合作与发展中的几条建议．一定程度上指导了两者的良性融合。终端经营战略的有效实施促进了3PL快速切入快速消费品行业使得社会成本尽可能最低，总利润最大化。     

太仓港对台直航中的物流供应链联合策略研究

2008年12月15日,太仓港作为大陆首批对台直航6个港口之一,正式拉开对台直航序幕。截止2010年底,太仓港已吸引苏南地区近160家企业从太仓港进出货物,其中包括佳能、三星、明基、富士康、南亚、龙腾光电等大型企业,企业数量在不断增长。但是,对台直航中仍未能做到以港口物流供应链的联合战略延伸港口物流功能,文中试就此问题进行具体的分析并提出相应的策略。     

Product-Line Length as a Competitive Tool

The increasing number of consumer goods and services offered in recent years suggests that product-line extensions have become a favored strategy of product managers. A larger assortment, it is often argued, keeps customers loyal and allows firms to charge higher prices. There is disagreement, however, about the extent to which a longer product line translates into higher profits. We develop an econometric model derived from a game-theoretic perspective that explicitly considers firms' use of product-line length as a competitive tool. On the demand side, we analytically establish the link between consumer choice and the length of the product line. Based on our derivations, we include a measure of line length in the utility function to investigate consumer preference for variety using a brand-level discrete-choice model. The supply side is characterized by price and line length competition between oligopolistic firms. For the empirical analysis we use market-level data for the yogurt category. We find that there are decreasing returns to product-line length. Based on a series of "what-if" experiments, we derive recommendations for effective product line decisions in a competitive environment.     

Estimating consumer preferences using market data—an application to us automobile demand

This paper explores the possibility of using market data to identify consumer preferences. A utility function composed of ‘homogeneous’ characteristics and goods-specific effects is used as a basic link between the goods space and the characteristics space. The functional form for the hedonic price equation, the data requirements and issues of measurement errors for estimating demand and supply of characteristics are discussed. We illustrate the methodology by considering the US automobile demand using 1969–86 data compiled from Consumer Reports and Ward's Automotive Yearbook.     

新奢侈品的细分市场及消费者行为研究

本文在文献研究、理论分析的基础上,将新奢侈品定义为外形识别度高、具有适度品牌溢价的优质消费品,并总结了新奢侈品的特点及发展趋势;识别了目标消费者群体所在的心理学、人文的细分市场,以及分析了新奢侈品的需求曲线;在上海地区调研的基础上,总结了消费新奢侈品的产品偏好、品牌偏好。     

Spatial market equilibria with flow-dependent supply and demand: The single commodity case

Existence and uniqueness of spatial price equilibria are analyzed for a single commodity market network in which supply and demand levels are allowed to depend on commodity flows as well as market prices. This framework makes possible the explicit incorporation of flow-dependent shipment costs into market supply and demand functions. Moreover, since many quantity signals are also expressible as flow-dependent variables, it is possible to incorporate a number of recent models of supply and demand behavior which allow for quantity signals as well as price signals. In this context, the main result of the paper is to establish the existence of spatial price equilibria for such market networks under quite general conditions. In addition, certain uniqueness results are established for the case of arc-generated networks.     

Assortimentsbepaling van seizoenprodukten

This paper deals with the analysis of a problem often met when determining purchasing policies. From a number of different kinds of goods, which are to be bought, the total quantity is restricted by storing capacity or financial limits. The problem "how much of each kind will be bought" is solved for a discrete as well as for a continuous distribution of demand for the various goods.     

Assessing the potential demand for electric cars

An ordered logit specification for use on ranked individual data is used to analyze survey data on potential consumer demand for electric cars. In many situations in economics and marketing we would like to be able to forecast consumer demands for goods which have not yet appeared in actual markets. By defining goods as a bundle of underlying attributes, we can use discrete choice models to estimate consumer evaluations. Then new good demand is forecast by use of the estimated coefficients to compare consumer evaluation of the new good to existing choices. When ranked individual data are available, we can estimate separate coefficients for each individual rather than assuming identical coefficients as is usual with logit models. Our results indicate considerable dispersion in individual coefficients. This finding can have important implications for new product analysis.     

A rational rank four demand system

Past parametric tests of demand system rank employed polynomial Engel curve systems. However, by Gorman's ( 1981 ) theorem, the maximum possible rank of a utility‐derived polynomial demand system is three. The present paper proposes a class of demand systems that are utility derived, are close to polynomial, and have rank four. These systems nest rational polynomial demands, and so can be used to test ranks up to four. These systems are suitable for applications where high rank is likely, such as demand systems involving a large number of goods. A test of rank using this new class of systems is applied to UK consumer demand data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于供给侧的承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性研究——以常州市武进区为例

以全国农村改革试验区的新型农业经营主体作为研究对象，以多项Probit模型估计作为主要研究方法，对承包经营权抵押贷款需求与可获性的影响因素、存在联系进行分析。研究结果表明：目前的农地承包经营权抵押贷款存在着处于制度探索阶段的内部微观供求结构错位和外部宏观供求平衡特征的小范围均衡。无论是需求还是可获性都受经营者教育水平、家庭年总收入和土地规模的影响，人们可以从这三方面入手进一步实现需求与可获性的均衡。最后，基于供给侧结构性改革思路为经营权抵押的改革试验提出了针对性的政策建议。     

我国新建住宅长期供给价格弹性估算——基于35个大中城市的实证研究

大多数住宅模型和政策分析,都直接或间接依赖于住宅供给价格弹性的估计值：为了应对市场需求冲击,是多供给住房还是提高住宅价格？基于Mayo（1981）构建的模型,估算了我国35个主要大中型城市的新建住宅供给价格弹性。根据流量模型,2000-2007年我国的新建住宅价格弹性系数在4-11之间,2008到2013年的价格弹性在5-13之间。而存量调整模型得到了截然不同的估算结果：2008-2013年我国的新建住宅供给价格弹性在1-6之间,更精确的估算出了我国新建住宅供给市场的价格弹性。     

“双循环”背景下上海构建国际消费城市路径探析

党的十九届五中全会提出,要“培育国际消费中心城市”。上海作为已经初步具备建设国际消费城市基础的重要经济体,在加快构建“双循环”新发展格局背景下,应借力构建国际贸易中心与旅游城市建设的机遇,不断丰富完善各种消费品与服务供给,有效降低消费成本,推进建设国际消费城市。本文结合上海已有建设国际消费城市的基础,切实分析上海构建国际消费城市存在的不足,在借鉴吸纳国际经验的基础上,提出努力提升消费总量、不断提升消费品供给质量、优化消费结构等上海构建国际消费城市的对策措施。