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1.
已有关于“结构红利假说”的文献大多基于线性模型,但产业结构升级过程中存在着经济增长的“结构性加速”和“结构性减速”阶段,表明产业结构升级对社会生产率的影响很可能是非线性的。本文基于2002—2015年中国285个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用双门限回归模型考察产业结构升级对全要素生产率的非线性影响,并结合城市要素禀赋结构和产业结构变迁成本进一步分析非线性关系的形成机理。研究发现,中国地级及以上城市全要素生产率提升中存在“结构红利”;产业结构升级对全要素生产率的影响是非线性的,随产业结构升级的推进先逐渐递增后逐步减弱;分样本看,副省级城市或直辖市全要素生产率提升中的“结构红利”效应最显著;产业结构升级对中国全要素生产率增长的影响主要是通过技术效率途径,而技术进步途径贡献不足。  相似文献   

2.
本文提出基于就业人员学历与学科背景的科技人才资本估算方法,利用动态面板模型实证考察科技人才对全要素生产率的增长效应,并由此揭示科技人才促进中国经济高质量发展的作用效果。研究表明:中国科技人才队伍持续壮大,但仍面临在人力资本中占比偏低以及区域非均衡配置等问题。科技人才是人力资本通过提高自主创新能力和加快前沿技术追赶速度来显著提升全要素生产率最主要的发力者,特别是在赶超技术前沿中作用尤为关键。同时,中国科技人才对全要素生产率提升幅度总体较小,促进经济高质量发展的巨大潜能仍有待释放。  相似文献   

3.
人力资本结构是决定全要素生产率的核心因素,为了实证检验企业异质性条件下人力资本结构对全要素生产率的制约与促进,文章以我国1995—2014年的省级面板数据为基础,通过人力资本模型的构建,将人力资本分为四个类别,考查企业异质性、人力资本结构与全要素生产率之间的内在逻辑关系。研究结果表明:国有企业、高新技术企业、出口类型企业中,人力资本投资带来的全要素生产率更高;四个维度的人力资本中,对全要素生产率的提高有显著促进效应的是知识人力资本、技能人力资本、基础人力资本的积累,对全要素生产率的提高有明显制约效应的是制度人力资本积累。最后依据实证分析结果,提出了提高全要素生产率的政策建议。  相似文献   

4.
基于国家级大数据综合试验区的准自然实验,运用2014—2019年280个地级市的面板数据,采用多期双重差分法实证检验数字经济对全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:数字经济显著提升了全要素生产率,这一结论在经过多种稳健性检验后仍然成立;中介效应检验表明,数字经济通过提高资源配置效率和促进技术创新来提升全要素生产率;异质性分析表明,数字经济对低资源禀赋城市、低数字经济发展水平城市以及智慧城市的全要素生产率具有促进作用,抑制高资源禀赋、高数字经济城市的全要素生产率,而对非智慧城市的作用则不明显。因此,应基于大数据综合试验区深度挖掘数字经济的直接作用与间接作用,同时采取差异化发展战略,培育壮大全要素生产率增长新动能。  相似文献   

5.
李昌民 《价值工程》2023,(17):166-168
文章以2014年“宽带中国”战略实施为准自然实验,利用多期双重差分法研究了数字基础设施建设对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:数字基础设施建设有利于促进城市绿色全要素生产率的提升,且该作用是通过提高城市技术创新水平和产业结构优化来实现的。研究结果为推动我国经济高质量发展,合理优化数字基础设施建设,促进城市绿色全要素生产率提高提供了理论支撑和政策建议。  相似文献   

6.
研究目标:要素错配对经济增长和区域非均衡发展的影响。研究方法:运用提出的测算框架将经济增长分解为部门全要素生产率、要素禀赋和资源配置效率,并通过构建反事实框架重点探讨要素错配如何影响区域经济的非平衡发展。研究发现:2000~2013年要素再配置仅能解释中国经济增长的9.2%,中国经济增长主要依赖于要素积累和部门全要素生产率;部门全要素生产率、要素错配和要素禀赋分别可以解释区域非平衡发展的56.5%、30.7%和12.8%;要素完全有效配置将使得人均真实收入年均增加31.4%,但提升空间趋于缩小。研究创新:拓展传统经济增长分解方法并构建反事实框架研究要素错配的经济效应。研究价值:有助于深入理解要素配置在经济增长和区域非平衡发展中的重要性。  相似文献   

7.
以2002—2016年我国30个省区市的数据为研究样本,基于SBM方向性距离函数的Malmquist-Luenberger指数方法测算绿色全要素生产率,选取固定效应模型实证分析贸易开放和FDI对绿色全要素生产率的影响,结果表明:贸易开放有利于促进技术进步,进而对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的促进作用,而FDI对我国绿色全要素生产率具有显著的抑制作用,验证了“污染避难所”假说,且这种影响存在一定的区域异质性,贸易开放对东部沿海地区绿色全要素生产率的促进作用更显著,而FDI对中西部内陆地区绿色全要素生产率的抑制作用更加明显;贸易开放与FDI的交互作用有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,说明贸易开放和FDI的良性作用机制已形成;科技投入、物质资本水平和人力资本水平均有利于绿色全要素生产率的提升,但基础设施建设目前存在资源浪费和环境污染问题,对绿色全要素生产率具有抑制作用。  相似文献   

8.
本文旨在运用中国数据(1979-2010)检验全要素生产率与人力资本之间存在的经验关系,其研究价值在于首次以较完整数据来总结两者30年来的互动发展。首先运用Malmquist指数法和Cobb-Douglas生产函数推导法估算出该期间中国全要素生产率的贡献率,然后以社会平均教育年限及公共教育经费占GDP比重作为人力资本代表指标,运用计量方法进行实验检验。结果发现,社会教育年限的提高有助于全要素生产率的增加,公共教育经费规模也是影响全要素生产率的重要因素。  相似文献   

9.
考虑到人力资本的异质性,本文将劳动分为低技能劳动和人力资本,利用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型测算了中国1997—2012年30个省市全要素生产率的变化。在引入要素价格的基础上,借助 Kumbhakar 模型对全要素生产率变化进行分解后发现:(1)配置效率不高制约了全要素生产率的增长;(2)配置效率表现出物质资本和劳动低配,人力资本高配;(3)报酬结构调整对配置效率改进模拟结果表明改善人力资本配置效率最有利于全要素生产率的增长;(4)发挥人力资本配置效率优势,还需进一步扩大教育规模。  相似文献   

10.
机器人、人工智能技术的兴起引领了新一轮科技革命和产业变革,对中国经济和社会发展具有重要意义。从人力资本升级视角检验工业机器人应用对制造业全要素生产率的影响机理发现:机器人应用显著提升了制造业全要素生产率,且在资本密集型行业和东中部地区表现更明显。渠道识别显示:机器人应用会引致生产技术升级,通过催生对高技能劳动力的需求并挤出部分低技能劳动力来促进人力资本升级,进而提升企业全要素生产率。研究还发现:机器人应用能够通过产业链传导对制造业上下游行业的全要素生产率产生正向影响。因此,应当分流培养企业内高、低技能人才,合理规划工业机器人的应用进程,提高工业机器人的产业链使用率和研发支持。  相似文献   

11.
This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.  相似文献   

12.
Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.  相似文献   

13.
En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.  相似文献   

14.
NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.  相似文献   

15.
There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.  相似文献   

16.
When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.  相似文献   

17.
While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.  相似文献   

18.
This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.  相似文献   

19.
Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.  相似文献   

20.
This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.  相似文献   

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