绿色信贷政策能够抑制企业的风险承担吗？

绿色信贷是桥接金融信用与环保的关键纽带和资源配置的重要抓手。基于2012年银监会颁布《绿色信贷指引》的外生冲击，使用双重差分(DID)探讨绿色信贷政策对企业风险承担的影响。首先，基准回归表明绿色信贷抑制了绿色信贷限制企业的风险承担水平，但政策影响的时滞性和企业的策略性应对使得政策颁布两年后抑制作用才不断增强。其次，融资约束和投资惩罚的中介机制表明，融资约束和投资支出在绿色信贷政策与企业风险承担之间存在遮掩效应，进一步抑制了企业风险承担水平。最后，信息效应和环境规制倒逼效应的调节机制表明绿色信贷政策影响存在非对称性。     

Economic policy uncertainty and illiquidity return premium

In this study, we examine the relation between the price of liquidity, or illiquidity return premium, and the economic policy uncertainty (EPU). On average, an illiquid portfolio earns a 0.597% higher monthly return than a liquid portfolio. The results further show that the EPU index has a positive relationship with the illiquidity return premium. This indicates that investors require higher compensation for holding illiquid stocks when there is a higher economic uncertainty. We also show that EPU affects the illiquidity return premium through the market illiquidity channel. The rise of EPU could increase the risk of illiquid stocks and make investors more risk-averse, thereby requiring higher compensation for illiquidity. Finally, it is found that the relationship between EPU and the illiquidity return premium is stronger when market liquidity is impaired and during crises.     

大股东股权质押、风险承担水平与债券违约风险

基于2015—2019年发生实质性债券违约的上市公司数据,运用二元Probit回归模型,从风险承担水平角度研究大股东股权质押对上市公司债券违约风险的影响。研究发现：大股东股权质押率与债券违约风险显著正相关,风险承担水平在股权质押与债券违约之间发挥了中介作用,高股权质押率的企业通过对其风险承担水平的影响,增加债券违约风险。进一步研究产权性质和信息质量差异对股权质押与债券违约关系的影响,结果显示,在不同产权性质、不同程度信息质量组别中,股权质押比例对债券违约的正向影响均存在差异,且该正向作用在非国有企业、低信息质量组中更为强烈。     

上市银行高管人力资本存量与薪酬水平相关性研究

近年来,上市银行高管薪酬备受社会各界关注。通过对沪深两市上市银行2006年至2009年数据进行分析,结果显示:上市银行高管年龄与高管薪酬之间存在显著的正相关关系;高管任期和高管学历对上市银行高管薪酬不具有解释力;上市银行高管薪酬与业绩呈正相关关系,但相关性不显著;银行规模对高管薪酬具有显著的正向影响。可见,高管人力资本水平和公司绩效能够在一定程度上解释上市银行高管薪酬,但解释力度较弱。     

Stock holdings over the life cycle: Who hesitates to join the market?

In this paper, we study the empirical relationship between age and individual wealth held in stocks, focusing on the heterogeneity of risk-taking over the life cycle in the population. We use micro-data and nonparametric quantile regression to argue that there is a pronounced life cycle pattern of risk-taking for households, which is conditional upon ownership. Specifically, we show that the fraction of stock investment decreases to bottom significantly in midlife and increases afterwards, contradicting the popular evidence claiming a hump-shaped pattern. The pressure of large financial obligations during middle age may be the reason for the crowding out of stock market risk-taking and could induce low capital returns for households.     

How well do EO measures and entrepreneurial behavior match?

The Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) research stream is quite popular in investigating how companies act entrepreneurially and how EO relates to issues such as financial performance, innovation, and founder satisfaction. Part of EO’s popularity may be that it is measured using simple, widely-accepted items. Yet the idea of how to best measure EO has become a recent topic of debate. Part of that debate is that the items measure dispositions as much as behaviors and are self-reported, which means they are somewhat subjective. This paper investigates the relationship between subjectively-measured EO and actual entrepreneurial behavior as measured through objective data. To do so, the paper examines the relationship between EO dimensions and realized risk-taking behavior. Using a sample of 156 community banks headquartered in the southwestern United States, the paper uses banks’ risk-weighted asset ratio, which captures the riskiness of the bank’s portfolio, as a measure of sustained entrepreneurial behavior. The analysis finds that subjectively-measured EO risk-taking is strongly related to objectively-measured realized bank risk-taking. There was not a significant direct relationship with the other EO dimensions, though there was some evidence of a moderated relationship. The paper lends some credibility to current EO measures and suggests how additional research is needed to improve upon EO’s measurement.     

Monetary policy and bank performance: The role of business models

This paper examines the relationship between monetary policy and bank performance in a multiple-instrument environment, particularly highlighting the conditioning role of bank business models. Employing a unique dataset of Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019, we display that banks react to monetary policy changes, either when the central bank increases policy rates or injects money into the economy through open market operations, by decreasing overall returns and increasing financial instability. Additionally, we document that the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves benefits bank outcomes, contrasting to open market operations, albeit the central bank uses both of these policy instruments to alter money supply in the economy. Our key analysis of interest reveals that business models considerably matter in the effects of monetary policy on bank performance. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that banks’ business models that yield more non-interest income or diversify more into different income sources may mitigate the pass-through of monetary policy to bank performance. This finding holds across all interest- and quantitative-based monetary policy indicators and across all the functions of risk-taking behavior, earning-profit capacity, and financial stability. Furthermore, while plotting the marginal effects of monetary policy, we realize that they are insignificant for banks whose business models heavily rely on non-traditional segments.     

代理冲突、内外薪酬差距与并购商誉

以2012—2020年A股上市公司为研究样本,以商誉的准则规定为基础,从管理层代理冲突与内外薪酬差距角度研究商誉的形成机制、影响因素及经济后果。实证结果表明,管理层代理冲突越严重,企业通过并购形成的商誉规模越大。提高内部薪酬差距可以弱化代理冲突与并购商誉规模之间的正相关关系,发挥治理作用;而对于外部薪酬差距,正向差距不会产生明显影响,负向差距越大越会加剧代理冲突与商誉规模之间的正相关关系。进一步研究发现,代理冲突越严重的公司,其商誉越有可能在后续出现大额减值现象,并对公司绩效产生负面影响。研究结论有助于进一步从代理冲突及管理层薪酬结构的视角客观认识商誉在形成过程中受到的影响,帮助企业从优化内外薪酬差距的角度来约束商誉中非合理部分的形成,降低企业风险。     

权益性超额薪酬、CEO权力强度与真实盈余管理

基于公司治理角度，以2011—2016年沪深A股上市公司非平衡面板数据为样本，分析了A股上市公司真实盈余管理水平是否受到高管团队权益性超额薪酬的影响以及CEO权力强度和内部控制质量对两者关系的调节作用。研究发现，高管权益性超额薪酬与真实盈余管理呈显著正相关关系，CEO权力强度能够显著加强权益性超额薪酬对于真实盈余管理的正向影响，而高质量的内部控制整体上能够抑制权益性超额薪酬对于真实盈余管理的促进作用。     

互补或替代? 经理薪酬与外部审计治理效用关系研究

已有文献表明,经理薪酬激励与外部审计都会影响企业价值;但经理薪酬作为一种激励机制、外部审计作为一种监督机制,它们在影响企业价值时存在什么关系,尽管已有文献在理论上提及,但缺乏实证方面的证据。本文以沪深两市2005-2009年间的A股上市公司作为研究样本,通过实证研究发现,经理薪酬与外部审计对企业价值都有正向影响,而且经理薪酬与外部审计在影响企业价值时具有显著的替代关系;同时,这一关系受到经理人力资本密度和企业性质的显著影响。