我国大学生创业“双低现象”原因调查与对策研究——基于广东工业大学学生自主创业调研案例分析

在李克强总理提出“大众创业,万众创新”的时代背景下,我国创业教育开展的如火如荼,然而大学生的创业之路并不是一帆风顺。一方面是大学生的创业热情高涨,一方面则呈现出“双低现象”(创业率低、成功率低)。本文以广东工业大学为例,通过创业有成的校友独特的视角针对问题对策展开讨论,结合对广东工业大学创客学院大学生创业活动的观察与研究,试图挖掘大学生创业背景及主要碍因,并针对其解决对策进行探讨。     

做好“90后”大学生思想政治工作之我见

“90后”指1990年至1999年出生的一代中国公民，有时泛指1990年以后出生的所有中国公民。随着社会的变迁，“90后”逐渐登上了历史的舞台。“90后”的一代被当今的社会称为“新新人类”，并冠以许多特有名词，例如：“自私的一代”、“早熟的一代”、“充满自信的一代”、“叛逆、张扬个性的一代”等。从2008年开始，大学已经迎来首批“90后”学生。与“70后”、“80后”相比，“90后”这一大学生群体呈现出许多不同的特点，对于高校来说，如何结合时代背景，针对“90后”这一特殊的群体做好大学生思想政治教育工作成为高校辅导员思想政治教育工作的又一崭新课题。本文结合时代背景，对“90后”大学生的特点进行详细剖析，对辅导员的思想政治教育工作方法的改进提出了新的建议。     

武汉市大学生创业率和存活率“双低”原因探析

导致武汉市大学生创业率和存活率“双低”的原因多种多样，分析角度不一样，观点和结论会有所不同。文章就“三无”（无资金、无场地、无经验）入手，详细分析了“双低”原因，期望能为有关部门解决武汉市大学生创业“双低”问题，提供一些有价值的参考意见。     

加入WTO后国有铁路运输企业的发展对策研究

国有铁路运输企业的现状分析目前,我国国有铁路运输企业在总体上仍是一个“双低行业”,即市场化程度低,对外开放程度低,而这种“双低”,恰好与WTO 的两个基本原则(市场化和对外开放)是相悖的。中国在加入WTO 承诺中已获准外商近期以建立合营企业的方式在中国铁路从事货运业务,若干年后,将允许外商在中国建立     

“非正规军”活跃不已

社会主义市场经济体制的用人观念，社会的发展与进步，使得人们对人才的需求更注重务实，加之许多行业还允许搞“单干”，因而具有真才实学和某些特长的人再也不愁“无用武之地”。退休人才空前受宠十几年前，原联邦德国退休专家格里希应聘来我国治理武汉柴油机厂的消息，曾成为轰动一时的新闻。外国的退休人才可堪重用，中国退休人才的“余热”亦不可小觑。近年来，千百万从工作岗位上退下来的科技人员、干部、教师和技术工人，只要是有某一方面专长而健康状况又比较好的，大都已被聘用重新“出山”。上海、苏州、无锡等地的街道企业、校办…     

降低养猪成本十招

坚持养杂交一代猪：用良种公猪如杜洛克、汉普夏、长白等种公猪配当地土种母猪所生的仔猪称为杂交一代猪，其生活力强，生长迅速，饲养效果好。因此，要普遍推广公猪良种化、仔猪杂交一代化的“三化”新技术。坚持喂配合饲料：根据不同生长阶段猪的营养需要，将多种饲料配合在一起而制成的全价配合饲料，营养全面而不浪费，料肉比低。改吊架子育肥为直线育肥：传统的吊架子育肥是把猪的育肥期分成几个阶段，按各个不同阶段采用精粗饲料结合进行催肥。此法饲料单一，营养不全面，不能满足猪的生长需要，猪生长慢，饲养周期长，出栏率低。如果…     

CEO职务角色探析

本文综述了CEO职务角色的形成与职责，并以美国部分杰出CEO为样本，分析了CEO的生存环境特征、类型与作用、变更与退休等问题。     

东部企业"西进":环境影响因素、行为特征及其绩效

本文在问卷调查和实地考察的基础上，对东部企业“西进”过程中的环境影响要素，行为特征及其绩效进行了统计分析。结果显示，基础设施薄弱是阻碍东部企业“西进”最主要的环境因素。目前东部“西进”企业的盈利率与其东部公司相比不很理想，大部分“西进”企业的盈利率都低子或持平于其东部公司，但是，大部分的东部“西进”企业对未来的盈利前景看好，等等。这可为东部企业积极参与西部大开发、提高“西进”的成功率提供借鉴。     

如何制订理财规划？专家谈人生理财三部曲

银发族理财规划对象:退休后或60岁以上人士。内容:养老、医护、赠与、继承节税等安排。特点:退休金理财,无高薪水收入及依靠固定退休基金。目标:长期保本安全为主、不损失本金、有固定理财收益、享受退休休闲生活、预备医疗金、继承等赠与安排。获利目标:平均每年较定期存款高1-3%,保本安全为主。以“低风险险”及“高变现性”为主。     

循环经济在煤矿企业修旧利废中的应用

一、循环经济 （一）循环经济的概念 所谓循环经济．本质上是一种生态经济，与传统经济相比．循环经济的不同之处在于：传统经济是一种由“资源——产品——污染排放”单向流动的线性经济，其特征是高开采、低利用、高排放。循环经济要求把经济活动组织成一个“资源——产品——再生资源”的反馈式流程，其特征是低开采、高利用、低排放。     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

关于高校教学秘书工作的认识与思考

教学秘书在教学管理中起着举足轻重的作用,本文结合自己近6年从事教学秘书的工作实践和体会,阐述了高校教学秘书的工作职能和工作内容,提出了教学秘书应具备的素质,分析了日前教学秘书工作中存在的问题,探讨了教学秘书工作改进的方法与途径。     

Sister Communities: Rejecting Labels of Informality and Peripherality in Vanuatu

Some labels have dire consequences. This article takes issue with the labels commonly used to describe the physical and social location of communities living on the edge of Port Vila, Vanuatu—labels that position communities for eviction by entrenching tropes of informality and peripherality into how they are seen and represented. Such terms include informal, settlement, informal settlement, squatter and peri-urban. Based on interviews with around 100 people and two years of ethnographic engagement with urban communities in Port Vila, Vanuatu, I critique the language of policy against the lived experience of those at the urban edge. I use Bourdieu's articulation of power as an accumulation of symbolic capital that enables one to speak the world into being. I conclude that the language of policies and plans is reflective of a dominant discourse in urban studies and international aid, and non-reflective of the experience and identities of people living at the urban edge. My interviewees and interlocutors maintain their identities as sister communities—as places grounded in the formality of customary tenure, and as part of the city rather than outside it.     

BLOCOS URBANISM: Capitalism and Modularity in the Making of Contemporary Luanda

In this article we portray and unpack the fabric of urban expansion in contemporary Luanda. In doing so, we examine interdependencies and complementarities between the organization of oil extraction off the coast of Angola, the emergence of particular modalities of modernist city planning for the expansion of its capital city, and the proliferation of cement blocks in the making of new urban forms throughout its burgeoning peripheries. By showing how urban development has unfolded through the interconnected realization of multiple kinds of systematizing blocks—namely oil blocks, city blocks and cement blocks—we analyse key material components in the production of new markets and urban spaces in the Angolan capital. By tracing forms of capitalism and modularity in the making of contemporary Luanda, we develop the concept of blocos urbanism to draw attention to modes of standardization and the production of legibility in contemporary processes of urbanization. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the conceptual apparatus for deciphering our global urban condition.     

Different Manifestations of the Concept of Empowerment: The Politics of Urban Renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom

Over the course of the 1990s the concept of empowerment became firmly established within the vocabulary of urban politics in several different national contexts. This article analyzes the spread of this concept by looking at the politics of urban renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom. It shows that even if (and possibly because) the definition of empowerment remained vague, the turn to empowerment came out of and contributed to a shift in the nature of urban politics and to a reconfiguration of governmental methods, the role of the state and, consequently, to changes in civil society, all of which were associated with a rise to prominence of a neoliberal perspective.     

The Invisible Multipliers of Joint-products

This paper proposes a hybrid input-output model to estimate the intermediate requirements embodied in the final disposal--such as reclamation and incineration - of non-marketable scraps and wastes from industries or households. The model is based on a mixed technology assumption in order to connect the monetary distribution of the ordinary goods and services with the physical distribution of the scraps and wastes as joint-products. Moreover, some demand-pulled invisible multipliers, in terms of the scraps and wastes, have been explored by performing a numerical simulation. From the invisible multipliers, we find the paradoxical phenomenon that the reduction in the amount of final disposal and the promotion of material recycling decreases the intermediate demand of the scraps and wastes for material recycling if there is a time-lag in the introduction of the appropriate recycling technology.