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1.
This study measures productivity growth on Irish dairy farms over the period 1984–2000. A total factor productivity index
is constructed for the dairy system and is decomposed into technical change, efficiency change, and changes in scale efficiency.
This is achieved by estimating a stochastic output distance function model of the production technology in use on Irish dairy
farms. Overall, productivity on Irish dairy farms grew by 1.2% per annum over the sample period.
相似文献
Alan Matthews (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
This paper proposes a flexible time-varying stochastic frontier model. Similarly to Lee and Schmidt [1993, In: Fried H, Lovell
CAK, Schmidt S (eds) The measurement of productive efficiency: techniques and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford],
we assume that individual firms’ technical inefficiencies vary over time. However, the model, which we call the “multiple
time-varying individual effects” model, is more general in that it allows multiple factors determining firm-specific time-varying
technical inefficiencies. This allows the temporal pattern of inefficiency to vary over firms. The number of such factors
can be consistently estimated. The model is applied to data on Indonesian rice farms, and the changes in the efficiency rankings
of farms over time demonstrate the model’s flexibility.
相似文献
Young H. LeeEmail: |
3.
Efficient frontier estimation: a maximum entropy approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An alternative efficiency estimation approach is developed utilizing generalized maximum entropy (GME). GME combines the strengths
of both SFA and DEA, allowing for the estimation of a frontier that is stochastic, without making an ad hoc assumption about
the distribution of the efficiency component. GME results approach SFA results as the one-sided inefficiency bounds used by
GME shrink. Results similar to DEA are achieved as the bounds increase. The GME results are distributed like DEA, but yield
virtually the same rankings as SFA. The results suggest that GME may provide a link between various estimators of efficiency.
相似文献
Jon RezekEmail: |
4.
Arnab Bhattacharjee Eduardo de Castro Chris Jensen-Butler 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(3):195-212
We develop a model of labor productivity as a combination of capital-labour ratio, vintage of capital stock, regional externalities,
and total factor productivity (TFP). The skewness of TFP distribution is related to different growth theories. While negative
skewness is consistent with the neo-Schumpeterian idea of catching up with leaders, zero skewness supports the neoclassical
view that deviations from the frontier reflect only idiosyncratic productivity shocks. We argue that positive skewness is
consistent with an economy where exogenous technology is combined with non-transferable knowledge accumulated in specific
sectors and regions. This argument provides the framework for an empirical model based on stochastic frontier analysis. The
model is used to analyse regional and sectoral inequalities in Denmark.
相似文献
Arnab BhattacharjeeEmail: |
5.
Measuring performance in the presence of stochastic demand for hospital services: an analysis of Belgian general care hospitals 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mike Smet 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(1):13-29
Since demand for hospital services is subject to substantial variability, the relationship between uncertain demand, excess
capacity, hospital costs and performance should be investigated thoroughly. In this paper a waiting time indicator to proxy
hospital standby capacity is incorporated into a multi-product translog cost function for Belgian general care hospitals.
The indicator is derived from queuing theory and improves on the conventionally used (inverse of the) occupancy rate. The
multi-product stochastic frontier specification allows calculation of cost elasticities and marginal cost of seven hospital
departments, as well as the degree of economies of scale and scope and enables identification of differences in efficiency.
相似文献
Mike SmetEmail: |
6.
Technical efficiency in farming: a meta-regression analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boris E. Bravo-Ureta Daniel Solís Víctor H. Moreira López José F. Maripani Abdourahmane Thiam Teodoro Rivas 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(1):57-72
A meta-regression analysis including 167 farm level technical efficiency (TE) studies of developing and developed countries
was undertaken. The econometric results suggest that stochastic frontier models generate lower mean TE (MTE) estimates than
non-parametric deterministic models, while parametric deterministic frontier models yield lower estimates than the stochastic
approach. The primal approach is the most common technological representation. In addition, frontier models based on cross-sectional
data produce lower estimates than those based on panel data whereas the relationship between functional form and MTE is inconclusive.
On average, studies for animal production show a higher MTE than crop farming. The results also suggest that the studies for
countries in Western Europe and Oceania present, on average, the highest levels of MTE among all regions after accounting
for various methodological features. In contrast, studies for Eastern European countries exhibit the lowest estimate followed
by those from Asian, African, Latin American, and North American countries. Additional analysis reveals that MTEs are positively
and significantly related to the average income of the countries in the data set but this pattern is broken by the upper middle
income group which displays the lowest MTE.
相似文献
Teodoro RivasEmail: |
7.
Alexandra M. Schmidt Ajax R. B. Moreira Steven M. Helfand Thais C. O. Fonseca 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(2):101-112
This paper analyzes the productivity of farms across 370 municipalities in the Center-West region of Brazil. A stochastic
frontier model with a latent spatial structure is proposed to account for possible unknown geographical variation of the outputs.
The paper compares versions of the model that include the latent spatial effect in the mean of output or as a variable that
conditions the distribution of inefficiency, include or not observed municipal variables, and specify independent normal or
conditional autoregressive priors for the spatial effects. The Bayesian paradigm is used to estimate the proposed models.
As the resultant posterior distributions do not have a closed form, stochastic simulation techniques are used to obtain samples
from them. Two model comparison criteria provide support for including the latent spatial effects, even after considering
covariates at the municipal level. Models that ignore the latent spatial effects produce significantly different rankings
of inefficiencies across agents.
相似文献
Alexandra M. SchmidtEmail: URL: www.dme.ufrj.br/∼alex |
8.
Application of a double bootstrap to investigation of determinants of technical efficiency of farms in Central Europe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper provides one of the first applications of the double bootstrap procedure (Simar and Wilson 2007) in a two-stage estimation of the effect of environmental variables on non-parametric estimates of technical efficiency.
This procedure enables consistent inference within models explaining efficiency scores, while simultaneously producing standard
errors and confidence intervals for these efficiency scores. The application is to 88 livestock and 256 crop farms in the
Czech Republic, split into individual and corporate.
相似文献
Laure LatruffeEmail: |
9.
Jens Müller 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):99-106
We present and discuss measures for analyzing productivity in deterministic frontier models. A new efficiency measure is introduced
allowing for discrimination among efficient organizational units. In addition, a new performance measure for analyzing productivity of organizational units is presented. This measure fulfills various properties of efficiency measures
but relaxes the indicator property. Both new approaches are based on the development of efficiency vectors which is a new vector measure for measuring efficiency. The vector components are efficiency measures related to subsets
of a production possibility set. The new approaches are applied in the context of data envelopment analysis.
相似文献
Jens MüllerEmail: |
10.
This paper shows how to compute the standard errors for partial effects of exogenous firm characteristics influencing firm
inefficiency under a range of popular stochastic frontier model specifications. We also develop an R2-type measure to summarize the overall explanatory power of the exogenous factors on firm inefficiency. The paper also applies
a recently developed model selection procedure to choose among alternative stochastic frontier specifications using data from
household maize production in Kenya. The magnitude of estimated partial effects of exogenous household characteristics on
inefficiency turns out to be very sensitive to model specification, and the model selection procedure leads to an unambiguous
choice of best model. We propose a bootstrapping procedure to evaluate the size and power of the model selection procedure.
The empirical application also provides further evidence on how household characteristics influence technical inefficiency
in maize production in developing countries.
相似文献
Yanyan LiuEmail: |
11.
Thijs ten Raa 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(3):191-199
Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization is freed from individual data requirements. The procedure is shown to be equivalent
to the imposition of Leontief preferences. The rate of growth of the modified Debreu coefficient and the Solow residual are
shown to add up to TFP growth. This decomposition is the neoclassical counterpart to the frontier analytic decomposition of
productivity growth into technical change and efficiency change. The terms can now be broken down by sector as well as by
factor input.
相似文献
Thijs ten RaaEmail: |
12.
Analysis of the behavior of technical inefficiency with respect to parameters and variables of a stochastic frontier model
is a neglected area of research in frontier literature. An attempt in this direction, however, has recently been made. It
has been shown that in a “standard” stochastic frontier model that both the firm level technical inefficiency and the production
uncertainty are monotonically decreasing with observational error. In this paper we show, considering a stochastic frontier
model whose error components are jointly distributed as truncated bivariate normal, that this property holds if and only if
the distribution of observational error is negatively skewed. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which
both firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty are monotonically increasing with noise-inefficiency correlation.
We next propose a new measure of the industry level production uncertainty and establish the necessary and sufficient condition
for firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty to be monotonically increasing with industry level production
uncertainty. We also study the limiting probabilistic behavior of these conditions under different parametric configuration
of our model. Finally we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to study the sample behavior of the population monotonic property
of the firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty in our model.
相似文献
Arabinda DasEmail: |
13.
This study examines economic performance, environmental performance, and regulatory activity for plants in three industries: pulp and paper, oil, and steel. Stochastic frontier production function models show significant deviations from production efficiency. Older plants are less efficient in production, but perform no worse on emissions. Plants spending more on pollution abatement tend to do worse on both production efficiency and emissions. Stricter local regulatory pressure is associated with somewhat lower emissions, but has mixed effects on production efficiency. Positive correlations between SUR residuals for emissions and production efficiency suggest unmeasured plant-level characteristics that drive both economic and environmental performance.
相似文献
Wayne B. GrayEmail: Phone: +1-508-793-7693 |
14.
In this paper we develop a test of infinite order degree stochastic dominance based on the use of the empirical Laplace transform
function. Two applications are considered. One uses the income data of Anderson (Econometrica 64:1183–1193, 1996) and derives results consistent with his. In the other application we examine the dominance between the U.S. and U.K. stock
markets. Using data on the S&P 500 and the FTALL-Share we show that the U.S. displays infinite order degree stochastic dominance
of the U.K.
相似文献
Stephen SatchellEmail: |
15.
In this paper, we analyse the nature of the relationship between market power and technical efficiency for producers’ cooperatives.
More specifically we test two hypotheses: first, we evaluate the extent to which increasing market pressure may help producers’
cooperatives to improve technical efficiency to guarantee positive profits; second, we test whether higher technical efficiency
induces producers’ cooperatives to have a larger market share. These hypotheses are tested on a sample of Italian conventional
and cooperative firms for the Wine Production and Processing sector, using both frontier analysis and dynamic panel techniques.
The results support the hypothesis that increasing market pressure can affect positively the cooperatives′ efficiency, while
gains in technical efficiency do not seem to have any impact on the cooperatives’ market share.
相似文献
Vania SenaEmail: |
16.
This article generalizes production risk from a single output production function to a multiple output cost frontier, which is able to examine input-oriented technical efficiencies and production risk simultaneously in the context of a panel data. Furthermore, the joint confidence interval estimates for technical efficiencies are constructed by means of multiple comparisons with the best approach. Whether taking production risk into account or not offers quite dissimilar implications in terms of the average technical efficiency measure and the identification of multiple efficient banks achieving the optimal cost frontier. It is suggested that inferences drawn on the basis of the confidence intervals of technical efficiency provide much more fruitful and insightful information than the point estimation alone. Bank specific risk parameters are found to be highly and positively correlated with fixed-effect estimates, implying that the more risk-averse a bank is, the more technically efficient it will be.
相似文献
Tong-Liang KaoEmail: |
17.
Sanna-Mari Hynninen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(1):15-26
This paper investigates the technical efficiency of labor market matching from a stochastic frontier approach. The true fixed-effects
model (Greene J Prod Anal 23:7–32, 2005a; J Econom 126:269–303, 2005b) is utilised in order to separate cross-sectional heterogeneity from inefficiency, and inefficiency terms are modelled following
Battese and Coelli (Empir Econ 20:325–332, 1995). The data set consists of almost 17,000 observations from Local Labor Offices (LLOs) in Finland. According to the results,
there are notable differences in matching efficiency between regions, and these differences contribute significantly to the
number of filled vacancies. If all regions were as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of total matches per month
would increase by over 23%. The heterogeneity of the job-seeker stock is an important determinant of matching efficiency:
the weight of the composition of the job-seeker stock in the inefficiency terms is on average 85%.
相似文献
Sanna-Mari HynninenEmail: |
18.
In this paper, we propose a general approach to find the closest targets for a given unit according to a previously specified
criterion of similarity. The idea behind this approach is that closer targets determine less demanding levels of operation
for the inputs and outputs of the inefficient units to perform efficiently. Similarity can be interpreted as closeness between
the inputs and outputs of the assessed unit and the proposed targets, and this closeness can be measured by using either different
distance functions or different efficiency measures. Depending on how closeness is measured, we develop several mathematical
programming problems that can be easily solved and guarantee to reach the closest projection point on the Pareto-efficient
frontier. Thus, our approach leads to the closest targets by means of a single-stage procedure, which is easier to handle
than those based on algorithms aimed at identifying all the facets of the efficient frontier.
相似文献
José L. RuizEmail: |
19.
Efficiency analysis of East European electricity distribution in transition: legacy of the past? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides a cross-country efficiency analysis of electricity distribution companies in the East European transition
countries of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. We use common nonparametric efficiency measurement such as
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH) under different assumptions and apply recent developments of
statistical inference in nonparametric frontier models to test our hypotheses. We discuss the empirical problems of cross-country
benchmarking approaches, in particular the comparability of different structures of electricity distribution companies. Our
results suggest that Poland’s distribution companies are still inefficiently small; the Czech Republic features the highest
efficiency; and Slovakia and Hungary occupy the middle range. We also note that privatization has had a positive effect on
technical efficiency in the four countries. We use the phrase “legacy of the past” to describe the four countries in comparison
to the efficiency of electricity distribution companies we studied in Germany.
相似文献
Christian von HirschhausenEmail: |
20.
The effects of match uncertainty and bargaining on labor market outcomes: evidence from firm and worker specific estimates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper we examine wage dispersion in labor markets across currently employed workers. We argue that differences in
the potential productivity of a match (typically assumed to be known in the previous literature) generates a surplus between
the minimum wage the worker is willing to accept and the maximum wage the firm is willing to offer for the job. Existence
of this surplus leads to wage dispersion due to negotiating over the amounts extracted by each agent. Our objective is to
estimate the surplus extracted by each firm-worker pair and the effect of the net extracted surplus on the wage, for each
firm-worker pair using the two-tier stochastic frontier model. An empirical application finds that, on average, firms paid
workers less than their expected productivity. More specifically, at the mean, the net effect of productivity uncertainty
leads to equilibrium wages which are 3.33% below the expected productivity of matches.
相似文献
Christopher F. ParmeterEmail: |