机构投资者持股、产品市场竞争与上市公司违规治理

以2007—2020年的A股上市公司作为研究样本，实证检验机构投资者持股对上市公司违规的影响。研究发现：机构投资者持股比例越高，上市公司违规可能性越低，且违规频率越少；机构投资者持股与产品市场竞争存在互补效应，产品市场竞争强化了机构投资者持股对上市公司的违规倾向与违规频率的治理效应。研究结论为完善公司治理和解决上市公司违规问题提供了借鉴。     

环境规制、流动性风险与债务融资成本

环境规制会影响企业经营和银行对企业的风险评价,进而影响企业债务融资成本。本文以我国A股2012~2017年重污染行业上市公司为研究对象,研究了环境规制对债务融资成本的具体影响。研究结果显示,环境规制强度对重污染企业债务融资成本具有正向影响作用;且这种影响效应在小规模企业和非国有企业更加显著;进一步研究发现,环境规制通过流动性风险路径影响企业债务融资成本。本文的研究丰富了企业债务融资成本相关文献,对企业加强债务融资管理与政府实施环保政策具有一定的启示作用。     

The strategic use of contingent workers in Hong Kong's economic upheaval

This research examines strategy in the use and purposes of contingent employment in four retail firms under different economic conditions in Hong Kong. Data from in‐depth qualitative case studies found that the four firms – three Japanese and one British – had different organisational responses to the economic conditions caused by the increase of sales before the Asian financial crisis of 1997 and the shrinkage of sales afterwards. One such response concerned the companies' employment policies, especially in their use of contingent workers. Some tended to have an ad hoc opportunistic approach to the use of contingent workers, while others were more strategic and incorporate long‐term planning in their labour utilisation strategy. Implications are drawn relating to companies' use of contingent employment to changes in the contextual environment regarding their long‐term development.     

内部控制质量、产权性质与盈余持续性

通过对沪深两市A股主板上市公司2009—2013年间数据样本的实证检验，探寻上市公司内部控制质量的提高是否伴随着公司盈余持续性的提高，比较分析国有控股和民营控股公司内部控制质量的变化对盈余持续性的影响差异，同时为了进一步探究内部控制对盈余持续性的影响，将其划分为应计持续性和现金流持续性。研究结果表明：内部控制质量的提高与盈余持续性的提高存在显著的正相关关系；将盈余持续性细分后仍然可以得到内部控制质量提高，应计持续性与现金流持续性也相应提高的结论。通过国有控股和民营控股公司的对比，发现在国有控股公司中，内部控制质量越高，盈余持续性也越高，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性并没有显著改善；而在民营控股公司中，内部控制质量与盈余持续性的相关性有所减弱，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性明显提高。     

Majority Shareholder Ownership and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Korea

This article examines the influence of majority shareholder ownership on real earnings management. It investigates whether there is a conflict between or an alignment of majority and minority shareholders' interests. If majority shareholders' interests are aligned with those of minority shareholders, a greater majority shareholder ownership lowers real earnings management. On the other hand, if they are not aligned, majority shareholders' attempts to exploit minority shareholders will increase real earnings management. This study does not find a systematic relationship between majority shareholder ownership and real earnings management. However, real earnings management significantly decreases in the upward earnings management incentive bracket as majority shareholder ownership increases. This occurs primarily because majority shareholders are more sensitive to upward real earnings management, which has a negative effect on future performance. These results suggest that the larger the ownership of majority shareholders, the more they play a positive role in mitigating real earnings management. This positive role is only effective in the post‐Asian economic crisis period. These results may suggest that the economic crisis in Korea helped majority shareholders more conscious of the long‐term costs of real earnings management. These findings support the convergence‐of‐interests hypothesis, providing evidence by investigating real earnings management instead of accruals‐based earnings management.     

多元化程度与盈余持续性:机会抑或威胁?

基于资源基础观与代理理论，利用我国A股上市公司2011—2017年的数据，探讨企业多元化经营对盈余持续性的影响。研究表明，企业多元化显著降低了盈余持续性，且多元化程度越高，企业的盈余持续性越低；这一负向关系在非沉淀性组织冗余水平高、市场竞争地位高以及机构投资者持股比例高的企业中得到缓解，而沉淀性组织冗余则会强化上述关系。研究结论为多元化企业调整资源结构、加强市场竞争力以及资本市场参与者理解企业盈余信息提供参考。     

What does targeting ecological sustainability mean for company financial performance?

This study empirically examines the effects of companies' environmental orientation on their long‐run financial performance. It also examines the mediating roles of environmental legitimacy and environmental performance. We use PLS‐SEM among a sample of large U.S.‐based companies. The results show that an environmental orientation that targets ecological sustainability is directly and positively associated with the debt ratio and with long‐run market value but to a lesser degree than what is obtained by not targeting ecological sustainability. Targeting ecological sustainability has a greater positive impact on environmental legitimacy than not targeting ecological sustainability. Environmental legitimacy, but not environmental performance, mediates the link between environmental orientation and long‐run profitability and market value. These findings suggest that targeting ecological sustainability is important for improving environmental legitimacy, but companies are not proactive in improving environmental performance. This study offers insights to managers for improving financial performance by targeting ecological sustainability.     

Managing Organizational Culture for Effective Internal Control. From Practice to Theory

Previous studies (see, for example, Carslaw, 1988; Thomas, 1989; Niskanen and Keloharju, 2000; Kinnunen and Koskela, 2002; Van Caneghem, 2002) clearly suggest that public companies' managers tend to round up the first digit of reported earnings (i.e. for companies reporting profits). Based on a sample of listed UK companies and employing earnings rounding-up behaviour (henceforth ERUB) as an indication of earnings management, I attempt to determine the impact of differences in audit quality on earnings management. When I rely on the very popular brand-name proxy (i.e. BigFive versus non-BigFive auditors) to capture differences in audit quality, findings are inconsistent with BigFive auditors constraining earnings management practices (i.e. findings suggest ERUB for both BigFive and non-BigFive clients). Employing an alternative proxy (i.e. based on auditors' industry expertise), findings are only weakly consistent with specialist BigFive auditors constraining earnings management (i.e. ERUB) practices.     

Firm Characteristics and the Pricing of Foreign Earnings of US Multinational Firms

Prior research finds a positive relation between current changes in foreign earnings of USmultinational firms and future stock returns. The cause of this relation is either (1) investors' mispricing of securities by underestimating the persistence of foreign earnings or (2) research design misspecifications (e.g., the researcher failing to control for cross‐sectional differences in risk). The purpose of this study is to determine which of these two competing explanations is more likely. If the anomalous results are due to market mispricing, then the anomalous results should be more pronounced for firms that are followed by fewer well‐informed, sophisticated investors and for firms that have foreign earnings that are more persistent than domestic earnings. If the anomaly is related to research design misspecification, then the existence of the anomaly is not expected to vary across these firm characteristics. The results are more consistent with the market mispricing hypothesis. Predicting the existence of the foreign earnings anomaly based on these firm‐specific characteristics increases our understanding of the true nature of the anomaly. In addition, relating the foreign earnings anomaly to firm‐specific characteristics provides relevant information to investors for firm valuation and helps to promote future academic research in the market's valuation of multinational firms' operations.     

Does corporate environmental responsibility engagement affect firm value? The mediating role of corporate innovation

This paper aims to construct a comprehensive corporate environmental responsibility (CER) engagement measurement to examine the relationship between CER engagement and firm value as well as explore the mediating effect of corporate innovation on this relationship based on a sample of 496 China's A‐share listed companies from 2008 to 2016. The results show that when firms start to adopt environmental regulations, CER would have a negative effect on firm value; however, at a specific level, CER would start to enhance firm value positively. In addition to this, corporate innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between CER and firm value. Corporate innovation promotes firm value of firms with CER more than firms without CER. Overall, the findings of this paper are extremely relevant for the government, investors, and firm's managers and can be utilized for policy and investment decision making. Also, the findings encourage firms to enhance their sense of environmental responsibility in order to enhance their competitive advantages, enhance corporate innovation capabilities, and thus enhance firm value.     

股权质押影响分析师盈利预测吗？——基于上市公司与分析师互动行为的证据研究

基于上市公司与分析师互动的证据,从与分析师互动的频率和互动分析师的声誉两个维度出发,探索了控股股东股权质押影响分析师盈利预测质量的路径。研究发现：（1）控股股东股权质押降低了分析师盈利预测准确度,提高了盈利预测乐观度和盈利预测分歧度;（2）股权质押通过与分析师互动影响其盈利预测质量;（3）在剥离互动分析师声誉的影响后,股权质押的上市公司通过与分析师频繁地互动直接影响其盈利预测质量;（4）股权质押通过互动分析师声誉模式直接影响其盈利预测质量。异质性检验发现,股权质押控股股东持股比例高、股权质押率高、股权质押到期日临近、上市公司主动性强、基金公司重仓持股将进一步加剧股权质押对分析师盈利预测的影响。     

Environmental and Social Policy and Earning Persistence

In recent years, the effect of disclosure on environmental and social information has been the subject of much research in an Anglo‐Saxon context. The European field, and especially the French companies, have not been sufficiently discussed. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between social and environmental disclosure and earning persistence (as a proxy of earning quality). We use the content analysis method with annual reports as a measure of social and environmental disclosure; the empirical validation is applied to the companies listed in the SBF 250 French stock market index over the 2005–2010 period. To measure earning persistence we opt for a regression of a time‐series model on panel data. The findings show that French companies are characterized by a high level of social and environmental reporting; this situation may affect positively the quality of earnings such as more persistent earnings. This means that companies with a higher level of social and environmental commitment are more likely to take benefits and to communicate more persistent earnings and be desirable to investors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

半强制分红政策与再融资企业的盈余管理——来自PSM的证据

证监会2006年颁布实施了半强制分红政策，对有再融资需求的上市公司的分红比例做了硬性规定。通过PSM（倾向得分匹配）方法研究半强制分红政策的实施对上市公司盈余管理的影响，结果表明半强制分红政策的实施导致了再融资上市公司为了达到相应分红比例的监管门槛而进行更多的盈余管理。进一步研究还发现：在再融资上市公司中，国有企业的盈余管理程度高于非国有企业，其应计盈余管理程度和真实盈余管理程度都较高；而非国有企业盈余管理的程度显著低于国有企业，并且其盈余管理主要是依靠较为隐蔽的真实盈余管理，尤其是依靠真实盈余管理方式中的产品成本来进行操纵。     

竞争对手的负面盈余意外：一损俱损还是此消彼长?

以2011—2021年A股上市公司为研究样本，聚焦高集中度的垄断行业，以负面盈余意外作为关键事件，以事件公司同行业其他公司作为焦点公司，采用事件研究法探究竞争对手负面盈余意外对焦点公司市场反应的影响。研究发现，在垄断行业中，竞争对手发生负面盈余意外的两天内(竞争对手发布盈余公告的当天和接下来一天),焦点公司的累计超额收益显著为正，且竞争对手的负面盈余意外程度越大，焦点公司的累计超额收益越高，说明竞争对手负面盈余意外在行业内产生了显著的竞争效应。进一步研究发现，产品可替代性以及焦点公司与竞争对手的相似度均会加剧正面溢出，而行业增长对正面溢出具有显著的缓解作用。     

To whom are IAS earnings informative? Domestic versus foreign shareholders' perspectives

Using a sample from the Helsinki Stock Exchange, this paper analyses the information content of dual disclosures of IAS (International Accounting Standards) and LAS (Local Accounting Standards) earnings. Their information content to foreign and domestic shareholders can be distinguished from each other as the unrestricted shares (available to foreign and domestic investors) and the restricted shares (available to domestic investors only) of the same set of companies were listed separately during 198492. The information content is tested with regressions using market-adjusted stock returns measured from the fifty-week period ending in the week of financial statements release. The overall findings suggest that restating local GAAP earnings according to the IAS helps to meet foreign investors' information needs, but is of limited use to domestic investors.     

Relationship Between Sustainable Development and Financial Performance: International Empirical Research

The aim of this paper is to clarify the relationship between companies' sustainable behavior and their financial performance (FP), which has been studied for several years without reaching a consensus on the effect and the direction of it. Hypotheses are tested for an unbalanced sample of 1960 multinational non‐financial listed companies from 25 countries and one administrative region for the period between 2002 and 2010. Due to the use of an international database and the differences among countries, it is possible to observe divergence between institutional settings. For this reason, a corporate governance system (Anglo‐Saxon, Germanic, Latin and Asian) is used as characteristic of the macro‐environment. Results obtained via the generalized method of moments estimator allow us to support the existence of a positive bidirectional relationship between corporate social responsibility and FP, evidencing the existence of a synergistic circle. The use of market value indicated that investors are able to identify economic, social and environmental practices generating a positive effect on FP. These relationships differ between corporate governance systems, due to the specific characteristics of each system. Findings are robust for each sustainable sub‐index (society, human rights, environmental and board). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

我国证券分析师盈利预测准确度实证研究

以我国2012—2014年非金融类上市公司为研究样本,考察证券分析师对上市公司盈利预测的准确度以及影响准确度的因素,结果表明：我国盈利预测平均准确度不高,盈利预测存在乐观偏误,盈利预测准确度有逐年增强的趋势;分析师热衷于对盈余平稳、预测难度低、运营前景较好的公司进行盈利预测;分析师对上市公司发布的报告数越多,预测准确度越高;公司规模越大、成长速度越快、盈利难度越低,分析师对其盈利预测的准确度越高;杠杆水平越高、历史盈余波动性越大的公司,分析师对其盈利预测的准确度越低,其中杠杆水平、盈利可预测性对分析师准确度的影响较大。     

客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的影响研究

基于资源依赖理论和信号传递理论，利用手工收集的供应商企业-客户对均为上市公司的数据，系统考察客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的影响。研究发现，客户盈余表现越好，越能促进供应商企业的创新投资。调节作用研究发现，供应链关系越稳定、越趋于良性，供应链企业的协同效应越明显，即高盈余客户对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越强；企业与客户的产品多元化程度越低，客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越显著；高盈余客户通过降低供应商企业经营风险促进了供应商企业创新投资。进一步分析发现，供应商企业市场竞争程度越高、融资约束程度越高、客户相对议价能力越强，客户盈余表现对供应商企业创新投资的正向影响越会显著增强。研究结论拓展了客户盈余表现经济后果的理论边界，对推动供应链整合及供给侧结构性改革具有重要的启示意义。     

Partners of USEPA Climate Leaders: an Event Study on Stock Performance

This research utilized an event study method to assess how the stocks of publicly traded companies responded before and after announcing their partnership with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Climate Leaders program. Although the stocks exhibited an average non‐significant positive abnormal return of 0.56% on the day of the announcement, the cumulative abnormal returns for the stock prices of the firms for two of the three event windows showed statistically significant negative returns. These results suggest that these firms' public announcements of joining the USEPA Climate Leaders partnership did not have a positive impact on stock performance. While no immediate financial benefit was found in this research, the practices implemented by these firms to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions may still bode well for long‐term corporate earnings and attractiveness to investors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Do investors value companies' mandatory nonfinancial risk disclosure? An empirical analysis of the Italian context after the EU Directive

In October 2014, the European Union adopted Directive 2014/95/EU (hereafter, EU Directive), mandating companies of a certain size to draft and publish corporate nonfinancial information (NFI) regarding society and the environment. In this study, we examine the mandatory disclosure of nonfinancial (NF) risks by listed Italian companies, as required by the EU Directive, focusing on both the state‐of‐the‐art of such disclosure and its usefulness for investors. For this purpose, the study adopts a two‐staged research approach; in the first stage, we employed a manual meaning‐oriented content analysis to investigate the NF declarations (NFDs) of the listed Italian companies that were obliged to disclose NFI, returning a quality NF risks disclosure index. In the second stage, we used the value relevance methodology to investigate whether the disclosed NF risk information affects the levels of equity prices, through a modified Ohlson model. Our research is one of the first to investigate the value relevance of mandatory disclosures of NF risks following the implementation of the EU Directive, in the Italian context. The research was carried out in 2017, the first year of the directive's application for listed Italian companies. The main findings support a positive association between NF risk information disclosure levels and companies' market value. Moreover, they provide evidence of a significant mediating effect of NF risk on the relationship between financial risks and market value.