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1.
Thijs ten Raa 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(3):191-199
Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization is freed from individual data requirements. The procedure is shown to be equivalent
to the imposition of Leontief preferences. The rate of growth of the modified Debreu coefficient and the Solow residual are
shown to add up to TFP growth. This decomposition is the neoclassical counterpart to the frontier analytic decomposition of
productivity growth into technical change and efficiency change. The terms can now be broken down by sector as well as by
factor input.
相似文献
Thijs ten RaaEmail: |
2.
This study measures productivity growth on Irish dairy farms over the period 1984–2000. A total factor productivity index
is constructed for the dairy system and is decomposed into technical change, efficiency change, and changes in scale efficiency.
This is achieved by estimating a stochastic output distance function model of the production technology in use on Irish dairy
farms. Overall, productivity on Irish dairy farms grew by 1.2% per annum over the sample period.
相似文献
Alan Matthews (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
Externalities, efficiency, regulation, and productivity growth in the U.S. electric utility industry 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Gerald Granderson 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,26(3):269-287
This paper examines the decomposition of total factor productivity growth for firms subject to regulation, given the production of a bad output. The production of good and bad outputs provides benefits and costs to society. Corporate socially responsible firms recognize the cost to society of producing the bad output. The paper separates the production technology and regulation effects from both the scale and technical change components. The paper also examines the measurement and decomposition of productivity growth when not accounting for production of the bad output. Using a 1992–2000 panel of 34 U.S. investor-owned electric utilities, results indicate that improvements in the scale, efficiency change, and technical change components contributed to positive growth. Not accounting for production of the bad output led to, on average, an overestimation of both the rate of productivity growth, and the contributions of scale economies and technical change to changes in productivity growth.
相似文献
Gerald GrandersonEmail: |
4.
Productivity and efficiency of state-owned enterprises in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng-Cheng Fu Chu-Ping C. Vijverberg Yong-Sheng Chen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(3):249-259
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the variations in SOE efficiency and productivity from the perspectives of macroeconomic
fluctuations and systematic reform in China during 1986–2003. We use Data Envelopment Analysis to measure SOE efficiency.
Subsequently, we use the Malmquist Index of Productivity change to measure productivity growth. The empirical results show
that SOE efficiency and productivity exhibited obvious improvements during periods of strong systematic reform and a prosperous
economy. The systematic reform after 1998 had a clear-cut impact on SOE performance.
相似文献
Chu-Ping C. VijverbergEmail: |
5.
This study recognizes explicitly the efficiency gain or loss as a source in explaining the growth. A theoretically consistent
method to estimate the decomposition of dynamic total factor productivity growth (TFP) in the presence of inefficiency is
developed which is constructed from an extension of the dynamic TFP growth, adjusted for deviations from the long-run equilibrium
within an adjustment-cost framework. The empirical case study is to U.S. electric utilities, which provides a measure to evaluate
how different electric utilities participate in the deregulation of electricity generation. TFP grew by 2.26% per annum with
growth attributed to the combined scale effects of 0.34%, the combined efficiency effects of 0.69%, and the technical change
effect of 1.22%. The dynamic TFP grew by 1.66% per annum for electric utilities located within states with the deregulation
plan and 3.30% per annum for those located outside. Electric utilities located within states with the deregulation plan increased
the outputs by improving technical and input allocative efficiencies more than those located outside of states with deregulation
plans.
相似文献
Spiro E. StefanouEmail: |
6.
Sources of profit change for Telstra, Australia’s largest telecommunications firm, are examined. A new method allows for changes, in a firm’s profits to be broken down into separate effects due to productivity change, price changes, and growth in the firm’s size. This in turn allows us to calculate the distribution of the benefits of productivity improvements between consumers, labor, and shareholders. The results show that around half the benefits from Telstra’s productivity improvements from 1984 to 1994 were passed on to consumers in the form of real price reductions.
相似文献
Kevin J. FoxEmail: |
7.
The paper contributes to the explanation of the large differences in cross-country productivity performance by modelling and
testing the effects of social barriers to communication on productivity and capital accumulation. In an optimal growth model,
social barriers to communication, which impede the formation of knowledge connections, are shown to reduce both transitory
and steady-state levels of total factor productivity (TFP), per capita consumption and reproducible capital. Empirical testing
yields a robust and theoretically consistent result: linguistic barriers to communication reduce productivity and capital
accumulation. The findings provide an explanation for cross-country differences in TFP, and fresh insights into how productivity
‘catch up’ may be initiated.
相似文献
P. Dorian OwenEmail: |
8.
Robert G. Chambers 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):107-120
Stochastic productivity indicators are defined, and superlative measures of these indicators are derived. It is shown that,
in the presence of complete markets or a common-expectations equilibrium, differences in the market values of firms are superlative
indicators of cross-sectional productivity differences. Exactness results are used to decompose nonstochastic productivity
indicators into a measure of true productivity change and a measure of ‘luck’. The decomposition is illustrated empirically.
相似文献
Robert G. ChambersEmail: |
9.
This paper examines the impact of R&D on multifactor productivity in the U.S. agricultural sector over the 1910–1990 period.
We use the Bennet–Bowley indicator to measure agricultural productivity based on a multiple output-multiple input technology.
We demonstrate the relationship between the price dependent Bennet–Bowley indicator and the Luenberger productivity indicator
which is constructed from directional distance functions without requiring price information. These performance measures are
dual to the profit function which arguably makes them especially useful in the agricultural setting. We employ time-series
techniques to investigate the effect of R&D on the pattern of productivity growth. We find that we cannot reject the presence
of a cointegrating relationship between the two series and that productivity growth in the U.S. agriculture responds positively
to R&D expenditure with a lag of between four and ten periods.
相似文献
D. MargaritisEmail: |
10.
Hayashi and Prescott (Rev Econ Dyn 5(1):206–235, 2002) argue that the ‘lost decade’ of the 1990s in Japan is explained by
the slowdown in exogenous TFP growth rates. At the same time, other research suggests that Japanese banks’ support for inefficient
firms prolonged recessions by reducing productivity through misallocation of resources. Using the data on large manufacturing
firms between 1969 and 1996, the paper attempts to disentangle the factors behind the slowdown in productivity growth during
the 1990s. The main results show that there was a significant drop in within-firm productivity, the component that is not
affected by reallocation of input and output shares across firms over time, during the 1990s. Although we find that misallocation
among large continuing firms represents a substantial drag to overall TFP growth for these firms throughout the sample period,
the negative impact of misallocation was least visible during the 1990s. The significant reduction in within-firm productivity
growth suggests that, as the Japanese economy has matured, a policy which fosters technological innovations via greater competition,
R&D, and fast technological adoption may have become increasingly important in promoting economic growth.
相似文献
Kazuhiko OdakiEmail: |
11.
Internal and external restructuring over the cycle: a firm-based analysis of gross flows and productivity growth in Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses the role played by internal restructuring vis-à-vis external restructuring in industry productivity growth,
arguing that the contribution of these two components is expected to be sensitive to the economic cycle. The study describes
gross flows (job and output) over a period of one decade, and analyses the productivity differential among continuing, entering
and exiting firms in the Portuguese manufacturing sector. The results of the decomposition of industry productivity growth
suggest that the share of external restructuring is stronger in recession, while internal restructuring seems to be predominant
in expansion. The strong and positive contribution of the net entry effect, in 1991–1994, was not followed by any between
and cross effects of equivalent magnitude in the 1994–1997 sub-period. The within effect is, as expected, stronger when output
growth is at its peak, but in no case large enough to turn productivity growth procyclical.
相似文献
Carlos CarreiraEmail: |
12.
Arnab Bhattacharjee Eduardo de Castro Chris Jensen-Butler 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(3):195-212
We develop a model of labor productivity as a combination of capital-labour ratio, vintage of capital stock, regional externalities,
and total factor productivity (TFP). The skewness of TFP distribution is related to different growth theories. While negative
skewness is consistent with the neo-Schumpeterian idea of catching up with leaders, zero skewness supports the neoclassical
view that deviations from the frontier reflect only idiosyncratic productivity shocks. We argue that positive skewness is
consistent with an economy where exogenous technology is combined with non-transferable knowledge accumulated in specific
sectors and regions. This argument provides the framework for an empirical model based on stochastic frontier analysis. The
model is used to analyse regional and sectoral inequalities in Denmark.
相似文献
Arnab BhattacharjeeEmail: |
13.
The study analyses technical efficiency and efficiency change of 193 community hospitals and polyclinics across Ukraine, for
the years 1997–2001. These facilities are a subset of the medical institutions in rural Ukraine; they are identical w.r.t.
their function in the health system and share the same departmental structure. The data comprise the number of beds in the
hospitals, the number of staff employed in the hospitals as well as the polyclinics connected to the hospitals, the number
of inpatient and outpatient admissions as well as the number of surgical procedures, lab tests, X-rays performed and the number
of deaths and deaths after surgery. Because of the known sensitivity of traditional nonparametric frontier estimators to outlier
observations, we employ an order-m estimator, a robust technique, to assess the efficiency of these health care providers as well as changes of their productivity
time. The efficiency scores are calculated with an output-oriented model; they are close to unity for hospitals whereas polyclinics
seem somewhat less efficient. The Malmquist-indices averaged over all observations are close to unity indicating that productivity
does not change over during our observation period. But, depending on the period and the region, substantial deviations from
unity can be observed.
相似文献
Matthias StaatEmail: |
14.
The paper investigates the measurement of economic efficiency under transaction costs in a second best world. New measurements of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and price efficiency are proposed. They have three desirable properties. First, they measure efficiency loss in monetary units. Second, they are additive and can be conveniently summed into an overall efficiency measure. Third, they allow for transaction costs and their effects on prices and trade incentives. The paper investigates the welfare effects of technology choice, government pricing and trade policy, and market imperfections on efficiency. It provides new insights on the measurement of benefits from trade liberalization when trade affects not only price efficiency, but also technical and allocative efficiency.
相似文献
Zohra Bouamra MechemacheEmail: |
15.
In this paper, we address the question of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluation of efficiency when aggregate cost or
revenue data must be used. We show that the DEA technical inefficiency measure using total revenues as the single output variable
or total costs as the single input variable equals the aggregate technical and allocative inefficiency. We employ this result
to estimate allocative inefficiency and construct statistical tests of the null hypothesis of no allocative inefficiency analogous
to those of the null hypothesis of no scale inefficiency. We illustrate our method using revenue and personnel data for the
top U.S. public accounting firms over 1995–1998. Our empirical results indicate the existence of statistically significant
allocative inefficiency in the public accounting industry.
相似文献
Ram NatarajanEmail: |
16.
Opening the black box: Finding the source of cost inefficiency 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Santiago Carbó Valverde David B. Humphrey Rafael López del Paso 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(3):209-220
Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to identify the apparent source of cost inefficiency in banking. Inefficiencies
of 20–25% from earlier studies are reduced to 1–5% when, in addition to commonly specified cost function influences, variables
reflecting banks’ external business environment and industry indicators of “productivity” are added. These productivity indicators
explain most of the reduction in bank operating cost over 1992–2001 and was 5 times the reduction in the dispersion of inefficiency.
Inefficiency appears stable over time because it is small relative to industry-wide cost changes occurring concurrently and
because technology dispersion is imperfect.
相似文献
David B. HumphreyEmail: |
17.
In this paper, we analyse the nature of the relationship between market power and technical efficiency for producers’ cooperatives.
More specifically we test two hypotheses: first, we evaluate the extent to which increasing market pressure may help producers’
cooperatives to improve technical efficiency to guarantee positive profits; second, we test whether higher technical efficiency
induces producers’ cooperatives to have a larger market share. These hypotheses are tested on a sample of Italian conventional
and cooperative firms for the Wine Production and Processing sector, using both frontier analysis and dynamic panel techniques.
The results support the hypothesis that increasing market pressure can affect positively the cooperatives′ efficiency, while
gains in technical efficiency do not seem to have any impact on the cooperatives’ market share.
相似文献
Vania SenaEmail: |
18.
This paper considers the measurement of performance in public service provision in an international context by examining outcome-based
measures for the education sector. It first sets out the measurement issues in general terms. The paper then applies these
methods to comparing the UK experience with that in the US over the period 1979–2002. The results show higher labour productivity
growth in the UK education sector than in the US over this time period, so that the UK eliminated the productivity gap with
the US by the end of the Century.
相似文献
Mary O’MahonyEmail: |
19.
Subal C. Kumbhakar Luis Orea Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez Efthymios G. Tsionas 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(2):87-100
In this paper, we estimate parametric input and output distance functions and discuss how to estimate a mixture/latent class
model (LCM) involving the output and input distance functions in the context of multi-input and multi-output production technology.
The proposed technique is applied to a panel data on European Railways (1971–1994). This model allows us to identify determinants
of the efficiency orientation, thereby providing useful information that can help researchers to choose between the input
and the output-oriented approaches. In addition, we develop cross-indices that can be used to compute input (output) technical
inefficiency from the estimates of output (input) distance function.
相似文献
Subal C. KumbhakarEmail: |
20.
Laurent Cavaignac 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(2):95-100
The question of whether a technology exhibits particular properties such as radial input or output homotheticity is a crucial
one for a producer since it should strongly impact on its reactions to market changes. Primont and Primont (Econ Lett 45:191–195,
1994) established that it can be tested using only weak assumptions. They further used their results to test for input homotheticity
of an educational production technology (Primont and Primont, Can J Econ 29:587–591, 1996). In this paper, it is shown that
if not implemented properly, the test can lead to biased results. Some ways to obtain unbiased results are also suggested.
相似文献
Laurent CavaignacEmail: |