一个新的时变系数分位数回归模型及应用

结合普通分位数回归的模型结构和可行性最小二乘方法的时变系数特征,在普通分位数回归模型的损失函数中引入动态误差设定,提出了一个新的模型：时变系数分位数回归模型,并给出其模型表示、模型估计以及模型检验等建模方法。时变系数分位数回归模型更能够适应广泛数据类型的建模需求,体现回归系数的时变特征,揭示解释变量对响应变量完整条件分布特征的影响,具有广阔的应用前景。将其应用于组合投资决策分析,构造出VaR风险动态组合投资方案,并与VaR风险静态组合投资方案、方差风险静态组合投资方案、方差风险动态组合投资方案等进行实证比较。结果表明,基于时变系数分位数回归模型的VaR风险动态组合投资方案所得投资效果在收益、方差、Sharpe比率和VaR数值等方面都显著优于其他三种方案。     

分位数误差校正模型及应用

误差校正模型具有较好的预测能力,在时间序列分析中占据重要地位。将误差校正模型从均值框架推广到分位数框架,提出了分位数误差校正模型的概念,并给出一整套建模技术：模型表示、参数估计、模型定阶、诊断检验、密度预测等。通过数值模拟,将其与经典的均值误差校正模型、分位数自回归模型进行比较,发现分位数误差校正模型极大地提高了预测的准度与精度。此外,选取中国货币供应与物价水平之间关系作为研究对象,实证检验了分位数误差校正模型的条件密度预测能力。     

中国股市、欧盟碳市场对中国碳市场价格的影响

碳交易市场作为实现碳中和的核心政策工具之一，分析其受国际碳市场及国内相关市场的影响程度有利于政策制定者及投资者作出科学决策。本文选取2016—2022年广东碳交易价格、欧盟碳交易价格以及沪深300指数的日收盘价数据，运用分位数回归模型证实：欧盟碳交易价格、沪深300指数均对广东碳交易价格产生正向影响，且随着沪深300指数分位数点的上升对广东碳交易价格的影响递增；结合双分位数回归模型进一步发现，沪深300指数、欧盟碳交易价格对处于特定分位水平的广东碳交易价格存在负向影响。因此，为提升碳市场活跃度，提出借鉴国际碳市场柔性机制、探索碳市场金融属性、逐步扩大碳市场开放程度等建议。     

门限分位数自回归模型的预测方法及应用

金融经济系统预测是宏观经济管理的重要问题,系统中大多数变量具有非线性与异质性等特征,门限分位数自回归（TQAR）模型能够较好地揭示这一特征。本文研究TQAR模型的预测技术,给出其条件分位数预测和条件密度预测方法。数值模拟结果表明,与传统的门限均值自回归模型（TAR）和分位数自回归（QAR）模型相比,TQAR模型在预测的精度和准度方面更具优势。文章使用TQAR模型研究中国通货膨胀的非线性动态特征,并在此基础上预测通货膨胀的波动趋势。实证结果表明,TQAR模型不仅能够揭示通货膨胀的门限效应和异质效应,提供比TAR和QAR模型更高的预测精准度,而且能够通过条件密度预测曲线,细致刻画通货膨胀条件分布的位置、散布与形状等全景信息,从而为宏观经济政策的制定和调整提供科学合理的决策依据。     

分位数局部调整模型及应用

本文基于分位数的回归理论与方法,提出了一个新的经济计量模型:分位数局部调整模型,并给出了其数学表示、参数估计与预测方法等一整套建模技术。分位数局部调整模型能够细致地给出响应变量在各个分位点上的条件分位数,便于揭示响应变量位置、散布与形状等动态调整过程的全景信息,从而得到比均值局部调整模型更为深刻的结果。最后,将分位数局部调整模型应用于中国货币需求分析,结果显示,在货币需求的不同阶段,不仅调整速度不同,调整方式也呈现出非对称性;M1存在货币失踪之谜现象,而M2却在条件密度第一个最优区域实现了供求均衡;最优货币需求条件密度曲线较为分散,这为央行制定货币政策预留了足够的空间。     

“十三五”时期中国能源强度预测

本文采用中国1978-2010年的万元GDP能耗数据,分别构建了中国万元GDP能耗的普通自回归预测模型与分位自回归预测模型,对未来中国能源强度的变动趋势进行预测。研究发现,分位自回归模型的预测精度比普通自回归模型更高。因此,以分位自回归模型来对中国未来几年的能源强度进行预测。相比2015年,2020年中国万元GDP能耗将下降10.61%,低于政府提出的15%的目标,中国在节能道路上仍需努力。     

带多个变点的逐段连续线性分位数回归模型及应用

研究目标：建立具有多个变点的逐段连续线性分位数回归模型（Continuous Piecewise Linear Quantile Regression with Multiple Change Points,CPLQR）。研究方法：先通过LASSO和广义贝叶斯信息准则确定变点个数,再通过线性化技巧来估计变点的位置与回归系数。研究发现：新方法能够同时确定变点个数、估计变点位置和回归系数,而且具有较强的稳健性;应用该方法于年龄和身体质量指数之间关系,进一步证实了模型的实用性。研究创新：新方法能够处理多个变点的问题,通过LASSO和广义贝叶斯信息准则确定变点数目,避免了主观判断的弊端;借助线性化技巧,解决了目标函数在变点处不可导问题。研究价值：本文结果将为分析经济、金融、医药和生物等学科中存在结构变化的数据提供强有力的研究工具。     

基于分位数回归技术的创业板IPO量价关系研究

本文采用分位数回归方法,结合面板数据来研究创业板IPO的量价关系,对不同分位水平的溢价率与交易量、大盘走势之间的动态关系进行了全面的研究。研究结果表明,在较低分位点的收益率与成交量呈现"量缩价跌"现象,在中高分位点的收益率和成交量表现为"量价齐扬"。     

无条件分位数处理效应方法及其应用

研究目标：政策评估在我国经济社会研究中备受关注,但所采用的方法以平均处理效应居多,分位数处理效应鲜见。与后者相关的理论和应用研究与国外尚存在较大差距,亟待跟进。研究方法：采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法比较了条件分位数处理效应（CQTE）与UQTE方法和其他UQTE方法之间的异同。研究发现：如果回归中只包含常数项和处理变量,CQTE与UQTE是等价的;如果个体在处理组和控制组中的相对位置保持不变,CQTE和UQTE都可以得到无偏估计。研究创新：通过最低工资标准提升政策对居民工资分布影响的实例说明UQTE方法在政策评价中的应用。研究价值：基于断点回归和双差分模型对新的UQTE拓展方法进行探索性展望。     

基于贝叶斯组合模型的物流需求预测及分析

为克服单一预测方法假设条件及适用范围存在局限性的不足,以贝叶斯概率模型为基础,建立了基于GM(1,1)和多元线性回归模型的贝叶斯组合预测模型,各模型权重能够根据前期预测误差进行自适应调整,以保证预测精度.以北京市2009-2013年物流需求预测为例进行实例分析,结果表明贝叶斯组合预测模型的平均预测误差为0.95%,模型具有良好的自适应性和动态调整性,预测精度较高,可应用于物流需求预测研究.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.