农村小额信贷信用风险分析——基于成本收益的博弈模型

信用风险是制约农村小额信贷可持续发展的主要风险。加强农村小额信贷信用风险的管理,不仅有助于小额信贷机构自身的可持续发展,也有助于农村金融的发展和社会经济的安全。立足博弈论视角,通过构建农村小额信贷机构和借款农户的成本收益博弈模型,来探求农村小额信贷信用风险的主要影响因素,并提出一些风险管理措施。     

农村小额信贷业务可持续发展之思考

要实现农村小额信贷业务的可持续发展,应完善农村金融服务体系,增强小额信贷机构的能力,优化农村金融市场环境,培育多元化、竞争有序的农村金融市场。本文对制约农村小额信贷业务可持续发展的因素进行了分析,并提出了促进农村小额信贷业务可持续发展的若干建议。     

农村合作银行小额信贷服务“三农”的发展与对策研究——以黄岩区为例

农村合作银行为服务三农提供主要资金,本文根据小额信贷理论,针对当前小额信贷发展现状,通过对黄岩农村合作银行小额信贷服务三农的案例分析,针对黄岩农村合作银行小额信贷服务三农存在的问题分析了原因,提出了小额农贷可持续发展的对策及建议。     

基于可持续发展的小额信贷利率研究

中国金融市场对小额信贷采取一定的利率管制,限制了小额信贷的可持续发展。利用Rosenberg模型估测小额信贷机构的可持续发展所需利率,使小额信贷机构获得一定利润,并利用竞争机制使小额信贷机构优胜劣汰,最终实现可持续发展。     

我国农村小额信贷可持续发展问题研究

农村小额信贷,可以缓解农村资金供求紧张的问题,发展农村地区生产.追溯我国小额信贷的发展,虽然仅仅二十多年历史,但是其发展速度是惊人的,有力的促进了农村经济的发展.进一步可持续农村小额信贷对于当下来说还有较多的制约因素.本文主要研究当前中国农村小额信贷发展存在的一些状况和问题,分析相关的原因,最后根据存在的问题,提出农村小额信贷可持续发展的对策和建议.     

基于可持续发展的小额信贷利率研究

中国金融市场对小额信贷采取一定的利率管制,限制了小额信贷的可持续发展利用Rosenberg模型估测小额信贷机构的可持续发展所需利率,使小额信贷机构获得一定利润,并利用竞争机制使小额信贷机构优胜劣汰,最终实现可持续发展.     

金融抑制与小额信贷对经济发展影响分析

本文基于金融抑制理论的视角,对农村小额信贷的可持续发展进行经济学分析。在对河北省巨鹿县的小额信贷现状进行调研的基础上,着重探析金融抑制环境下小额信贷在我国农村发展的现状。以此主要针对金融抑制问题,提出了解决小额信贷实施过程中所遇问题的几点意见。     

浅析我国农村小额信贷存在的问题及对策

对我国农村小额信贷存在的主要问题进行了分析,这些问题严重阻碍了小额信贷的可持续发展。因此,提出了一些解决对策。     

小额信贷未来发展的可能前景 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所副所长杜晓山

中国当今小额信贷经过十几年的发展,已取得长足的进步,但仍处于发展的初级阶段,就目前的情况看,具有可持续发展活力或潜力的涉及小额信贷活动的机构主要有以下机构或项目,它们是:农村信用社(也包括农村商业银行和农村合作银行)、农业银行、邮政储蓄银行、村镇银行、小额贷款公司、农村资金互助社、城市商业银行、社会组织(NGO)小额信贷机构,等等。目前,外资机构也已开始进入村镇银行和小额贷款公司领域,也开展了一些小额信贷项目,但是进展并不快。下面谈谈小额信贷未来发展的可能前景。     

浅析农村信用社小额信贷的发展

农村小额信贷在缓解农村金融市场货币供求矛盾、拓宽信用社资金运用渠道、优化农村金融结构等方面已取得了显著的经济效应。但目前我国小额信贷项目大部分仍处于发展初期,仍需要政策改革和制度创新,以实现小额信贷的可持续发展。     

我国农村小额信贷未来发展路径探析

建设社会主义新农村需要大量的资金投入,特别是小额农贷对农民致富持续发展无疑又是举足轻重。本文首先分析了我国农村小额信贷存在的问题,进而指出了其未来的发展路径。得出邮政储蓄银行在农村小额信贷业务方面大有可为。最后分析了邮政储蓄银行农村小额信贷风险的防范措施。     

Microfinance and social capital formation- a social network analysis approach

The microcredit program has emerged as an important poverty alleviation strategy over the last three decades, and several studies have examined its economic impacts on the community well-being. However, far too little attention has been paid to the effects of micro credits on community social connection and solidarity. This paper aims to examine the application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to explore the impact of the rural microcredit fund on community social capitals. In doing so, the data on interactions of four rural development groups' members before and after the microcredit project implementation were collected using participatory workshops in Neyzar village of Qom province in Iran. The data were analyzed by Ucinet software, and the socio-graphs were produced by the NetDraw application. The results show that, more people have been involved in the social interactions after the project implementation and there was statistically significant increase in density and decrease in centralization of cooperation network. Furthermore, there were no important distinctions in centrality of people with various educational levels before and after the project implementation. Overall, it can be concluded that, the microfinance initiative considerably promotes the community social capital and participation in the rural development activities. Moreover, the SNA techniques are applicable as an impact assessment tool to investigate changes in community social capital.     

Do Powerful CEOs Determine Microfinance Performance?

Recently, microfinance has been coming under public and media attacks. The microcredit crisis following from microfinance‐induced suicides in 2010 in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh indicates that weak corporate governance and imprudent risk taking have far‐reaching consequences. Yet, analyses of corporate governance mechanisms among microfinance institutions (MFIs) remain underdeveloped. As a response, this study examines the impact of CEO power on MFI risk taking by deriving explicit predictions of this effect from a characterization of the microfinance industry. Based on a sample of 280 microfinance institutions, our results suggest that powerful CEOs of microfinance non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) have more decision‐making freedom than powerful CEOs of other types of MFIs. This induces them to make more extreme decisions that increase risk. Furthermore, the decision‐making freedom powerful CEOs have in NGOs appears to lead to worse decisions, because the presence of powerful CEOs in microfinance NGOs is associated with lower performance.     

Performance of microfinance institutions in Europe—Does social capital matter?

This paper investigates performance drivers of microfinance suppliers in Europe. As such suppliers, in contrast to advanced microfinance suppliers in developing economies, typically focus on uncollateralized microcredit services to individuals at the margins of society and of labor markets, we draw on the theory of social capital and empirically investigate the role that social capital may play in the overall performance of European microfinance suppliers. We build a unique, unbalanced panel data set of 302 microfinance service providers in Europe covering the years 2008–2015, and measure their performance in terms of credit risk, financial and social performance, and efficiency. Pursuing an econometric approach, we test a series of hypotheses using various measures of conditions conducive to building social capital on both the institutional and the country level, such as the client base of a microfinance supplier and the level of cultural fractionalization in a society. Our findings confirm that a higher intensity of social capital is positively associated with all areas of the performance of microfinance suppliers in Europe. Our conclusions could help in the design and launch of microfinance institutions in those European countries in which microfinance markets are developed not at all or only to a very limited extent. Our paper thus contributes to the nascent literature on microfinance in developed economies by applying and extending the theoretical framework and empirical models on social capital and microfinance that were originally elaborated for developing economies.     

云南南涧县小额信贷研究

本文通过云南南涧县实地调研分析了欠发达地区农村小额信贷供求,通过分析南涧小额信贷市场来说明农户具体的金融服务需求,对我国农村金融小额信贷供给体系改进提出了建议。     

A Matter of Experience? Understanding the Decline in Group Lending

Group lending, often considered a key innovation driving the successful expansion of microcredit across the world, appears to be on the decline. Using MIX data on microfinance institutions (MFIs), we study this time trend, focusing on macroeconomic predictors of group lending and MFI experience. Results suggest that any movement away from group lending is better explained via MFIs gaining experience rather than a secular time trend. We also find that group lending is used more extensively in poorer and low‐growth economies. We argue that these findings can be understood within established views of group lending, and carry important implications for the historical and continuing importance of group lending.     

Regulating for development: the case of microfinance

The regulatory concerns of microfinance sector lies in the special nature of these institutions which caters the needs of those who have been marginalised from the formal financial sector. The paper underlines the importance of an appropriate regulatory framework to support sustainable delivery of diversified microfinance services such as savings and insurance. The paper explores the rationale for regulation in the microfinance sector, and followed by a review of major regulatory approaches and its impact on the microfinance sector. The sector-specific regulations along with prudential reforms may facilitate and environment, which allows microfinance institutions to mobilise savings and to reduce the problems in enforcing normal banking regulations. The paper also emphasises the need to incorporate the country specificities in the regulatory approach to encapsulate the specificities of macroeconomic environment and different stages of development.     

小额信贷与农民工居住问题的缓解

综述了小额信贷的研究与实践,描述了目前城市农民工住房的特点以及存在的问题,认为应借鉴小额信贷在国内外的发展模式,扶助解决农民工住房问题。通过对比不同行业就业条件下的农民工的工作、生活方式和居住条件,经过合理假设,设计出一个扶助解决城市农民工就业地居住问题的实验性住房小额信贷模式,并就模式的可行性、经济效益以及社会效益等方面进行了分析和展望。     

Spatial dependence in microfinance credit default

Credit scoring model development is very important for the lending decisions of financial institutions. The creditworthiness of borrowers is evaluated by assessing their hard and soft information. However, microfinance borrowers are very sensitive to a local economic downturn and extreme (weather or climate) events. Therefore, this paper is devoted to extending the standard credit scoring models by taking into account the spatial dependence in credit risk. We estimate a credit scoring model with spatial random effects using the distance matrix based on the borrowers’ locations. We find that including the spatial random effects improves the ability to predict defaults and non-defaults of both individual and group loans. Furthermore, we find that several loan characteristics and demographic information are important determinants of individual loan default but not group loans. Our study provides valuable insights for professionals and academics in credit scoring for microfinance and rural finance.     

Exploring the effect of gender diversity in MFIs during turbulent periods

Abstract

Gender diversity is generally recognized as relevant in microfinance, and the relationship between gender diversity and firms’ performance has received attention in academic literature. The above-mentioned relationship has not been addressed until now in the microfinance industry specifically. This study seeks to explain the role played by gender diversity in the workforce of microfinance institutions (MFIs) during turbulent periods in the firms’ performance. The study analyses data from 555 ratings of 185 MFIs from MicroFinanza Rating, a leading microfinance rating agency. The analysis shows that the number of women on the staff of MFIs is significantly and positively associated with both the Return on Equity and Operational Self-Sufficiency of MFIs, indicating a positive impact of gender diversity on firms’ performance.