锌冶炼废水特性及治理技术研究

锌冶炼过程中产生的废水数量大并且成分复杂,可分为制酸废水、一般酸性废水;废水pH值较低,且含有较高浓度的重金属。文章以某蒸馏锌3万t/a的生产能力的锌厂为例,论述了该厂锌冶炼过程废水水质、水量特征,并就治理工艺运行效果进行了分析,对其它同类废水治理有一定的参考价值。     

含聚污水供蒸汽锅炉回用技术现场试验

今年来,随萨北油田聚驱开采规模逐年扩大,油田含聚污水回用已势在必行,尤其在萨北油田进行北部过渡带蒸汽驱试验采用清水注采,浪费了大量清水资源,增加生产成本。目前在萨北油田北六联污水处理站安装了小型实验设备,对含聚污水处理进行了试验,初步确定了设备处理含聚合物采出水对注汽锅炉的适应性,并研究处理后水质是否达到注汽锅炉使用要求。     

CAST工艺在城市污水处理中的应用与实践

根据东阳市城市污水水质情况和脱氮除磷的要求,污水处理厂采用了CAST工艺,设计了合理的污水处理工艺流程、主要构筑物与设备,经过工程调试及运行效果比对,出水达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准。     

橡胶制品工业污水处理工艺设计

橡胶制品工业生产中的污水回用及排放不达标加剧了生态环境状况的日益恶化,本文针对不同水质特性采用生物接触氧化、组合沉淀、消毒、絮凝等工艺对污水处理系统进行改造实施。经一年多的运行证明该改造方案处理效果稳定且耐冲击力较强,可见此工艺设计对橡胶制品企业污水是有效可行的。     

中药材初加工废水处理工程设计与运行

针对亳州某产业园中白芍初加工废水,包括清洗废水和蒸煮脱皮废水,其中白芍清洗废水处理采用“旋流沉砂器+平流沉淀池”工艺,白芍蒸煮脱皮废水处理采用预处理和“UASB+A/O+混凝沉淀(保障工艺)”工艺,并考察其运行效果。结果表明:清洗废水经处理后出水水质可以达到清洗回用标准,使废水可循环再利用;蒸煮脱皮废水处理后达标排放,出水水质满足《中药类制药工业水污染排放标准》(GB21906-2008)中污染物最高允许排放浓度的一级标准。该废水处理工程运行稳定、出水达标,可为同类工程设计提供参考。     

The Effects of Competition on Variation in the Quality and Cost of Medical Care

We estimate the effects of hospital competition on the level of and the variation in quality of care and hospital expenditures for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with heart attack. We compare competition's effects on more-severely ill patients, whom we assume value quality more highly, to the effects on less-severely ill, low-valuation patients. We find that low-valuation patients in competitive markets receive less intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, but have statistically similar health outcomes. In contrast, high-valuation patients in competitive markets receive more intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, and have significantly better health outcomes. Because this competition-induced increase in variation in expenditures is, on net, expenditure-decreasing and outcome-beneficial, we conclude that it is welfare-enhancing. These findings are inconsistent with conventional models of vertical differentiation, although they can be accommodated by more recent models.     

高杂含油污水处理技术研究与应用

论文以某港口油库高杂含油污水处理为例,重点论述通过优化和采用混凝、高效气浮、芬顿氧化、斜管沉淀等一系列处理措施,使处理后的水质达到GB/T 31962—2015《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》中的C级标准要求。     

膜法预处理腈纶废水的性能研究

采用膜技术对腈纶废水进行预处理,可去除部分难降解污染物,为后续的生化处理效果的提高提供保障。文中采用三种孔径的滤膜对腈纶废水进行了处理,系统考察了膜处理前后废水中CODcr、BOD5等主要水质指标的变化,结果表明,经膜处理后,生化出水和聚合废水的CODcr值均降低;BOD5值和B/C值均增加,废水可生化性得到改善;TOC的去除率最高达70.10%;采用膜过滤处理技术难以去除溶解性固体。     

养殖水体生态修复工程探讨

通过水质预处理、水生植物修复、微生物净化、增氧和提水、人工浮动绿岛、人工湿地和生活污水处理等各项生态修复工程对世外桃源休闲农庄的养殖水体进行综合治理,使治理后的TN、TP、NH3-N、COD等各项主要水质指标均达到甚至优于国家地表水Ⅴ类水要求,农庄的水质、水体景观和养殖效益得到了大大的提升。这一套综合的生态修复工程为休闲农庄的养殖水域的生态修复提供了一套可参考借鉴的技术。     

小型铅锌银矿选矿废水处理及回用研究

文章以尾矿库溢流水全处理方法试验研究小型铅锌银矿选矿废水的处理及回用问题。结果表明,各股选矿废水汇总经尾矿库自净、混凝氧化处理后,处理净化水基本满足选矿工艺用水水质要求,同时符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

桩-筏板结构在隧道大型溶洞处理中的应用研究

云桂高速铁路营盘山隧道穿越大型、深厚充填型溶洞,整治的技术难度大、质量要求高。处理方案从施工安全、运营安全、运营维护及施工成本等困素综合考虑,且以确保结构可靠性、一次根治、避免运营期间出现隧道病害为原则,对该溶洞的处理技术进行方案分析、研究、比选及创新,取得了良好的整治效果,可供类同的溶洞处理工程借鉴。     

A cobweb model of land-use competition between food and bioenergy crops

We present a model of interacting cobweb markets and apply it to land-use competition between food and bioenergy crops. In our model the markets are interlinked on the supply side by the limited availability of land. Therefore, instabilities are transferred between the markets and we find that bioenergy demand affects food price volatility. The agents in the model have heterogeneous production capacities, representing variation in global land quality. When we allow agents to choose price predictor, we find that a more sophisticated (but costly) predictor is concentrated to some key parcels of land, which enables the system to reduce instability significantly. The system can also be brought closer to a stable state by introducing costs for changing production type, but it may then be shifted away from the optimum situation predicted by the corresponding equilibrium model.     

‘How would you measure something like that?’: Quality in a Retail Bank

In this paper we explore a case study of total quality management (TQM) within the financial services sector. We demonstrate that a ‘conformance to requirements’ approach towards TQM is concerned with increasing management’s physical and financial control over procedures, documentation, systems and people. Such an approach only partially addresses quality because (a) there can never be a precise ‘conformance’ and (b) this approach neglects customers and employees. We illustrate that often management do not understand the flaws/problematics and underlying philosophy behind TQM. Thus they continue to adopt ‘inconsistent’ approaches, such as attempting to control costs and employees while espousing the importance of the customer and the need for a trust-based culture. Yet, whether or not they understand the rationale behind TQM and attempt to widen their focus by considering people and customers more directly, we argue that management cannot easily adopt a ‘consistent’ approach because a preoccupation with controlling costs is bound up with career-based identities and hierarchical power relations. Ultimately we argue that management cannot control ‘quality’ in any simple top down way, essentially because of the ‘indeterminacy’ of labour, the ‘intangibility’ of customer satisfaction, and the complexity of organizational power and identity relations.     

UCT+混凝沉淀工艺处理城镇污水及回用

镇江市某污水处理厂采用UCT加混凝沉淀工艺处理生活污水,通过烧杯试验讨论了不同投药量下污染物的去除效果,并以此指导工程调试,使出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质》标准中的观赏性景观环境用水标准。再生水回用于镇江市某排涝河道,使其成为黑臭河流治理工作的典范。     

企业降本增效工作实践与思考

＂节能降耗、降本增效＂是党中央、国务院应对国际金融危机所提出的一项重要措施,也是企业永恒的课题。企业只有抓住＂降本增效＂这个生存发展之本,才能在市场竞争中立于不败之地。但是,在实际工作中很多企业包括大型知名企业都走进了一个误区,认为只有＂降本＂才能＂增效＂,一味地追求降低成本而忽视内在质量和服务,最终给社会带来严重危害,导致企业的倒闭。所以,＂降本增效＂是双刃剑,用好了才能使企业获得最佳经济效益。     

The welfare cost of means‐testing: pensioner participation in income support

We estimate parametric and semi‐parametric binary choice models of benefit take‐up by British pensioners and use a revealed preference argument to infer the cash‐equivalent value of disutility arising from stigma or complexity of the claims process. These implicit costs turn out to be relatively small, averaging about £3–4 per week across Income Support recipients. Using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke measure of poverty among pensioners, we find that allowing for implicit claim costs incurred by benefit recipients raises the measured degree of poverty by not more than 13%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ESTIMATING PERSON‐CENTERED TREATMENT (PeT) EFFECTS USING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES: AN APPLICATION TO EVALUATING PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENTS

This paper builds on the methods of local instrumental variables developed by Heckman and Vytlacil (1999, 2001, 2005) to estimate person‐centered treatment (PeT) effects that are conditioned on the person's observed characteristics and averaged over the potential conditional distribution of unobserved characteristics that lead them to their observed treatment choices. PeT effects are more individualized than conditional treatment effects from a randomized setting with the same observed characteristics. PeT effects can be easily aggregated to construct any of the mean treatment effect parameters and, more importantly, are well suited to comprehend individual‐level treatment effect heterogeneity. The paper presents the theory behind PeT effects, and applies it to study the variation in individual‐level comparative effects of prostate cancer treatments on overall survival and costs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The costs of organized violence: a review of the evidence

I critically review recent studies that estimate those costs of violence and conflict that can emerge among organized political groupings, such as states, religious and ethnic organizations, guerillas and paramilitaries. The review includes studies that estimate direct and indirect costs due to internal conflicts (civil wars and other lower-level conflicts), terrorism, and external conflicts, including military spending. There are a number of key theoretical concerns on what counts as a cost, and, depending on the methods and evidence used, estimated costs vary widely. However, even minimum estimates are economically significant, especially for low-income countries. This is even more so when the costs of different types of organized conflict and violence are aggregated.     

卷烟厂综合废水处理技术现状研究

通过分析卷烟厂综合废水的主要来源及水质特点，综述了卷烟厂综合废水主要处理技术现状，并对这些处理技术的优缺点进行分析和总结。同时，针对实际运行过程中出现的问题，提出进一步优化方案。     

Advertising as Information: Matching Products to Buyers

We consider communication of quality via cheap talk and dissipative advertising expenditures, when consumers have heterogeneous tastes for quality, and price information must be acquired through costly search. For search pods, cheap talk communicates quality when fixed costs are roughly constant across quality levels, while if fixed costs vary greatly with quality, then firms having the higher fixed-cost quality level use dissipative advertising. For experience goods, quality can be communicated by cheap talk in a range where low-quality firms have greater fixed costs, and low-quality firms use dissipative advertising if their fixed costs are greater still.