地主港模式和BOT的比较分析

港口作为国民经济的基础设施,其整体素质对国家经济的发展影响深远,因此,国家通过加大对港口基础设施的投资力度,推广和深化港口管理体制改革。使我国港口的基础设施建设步伐进一步加快。地主港模式与BOT模式都适用于基础设施建设．是解决政府财政在公共基础设施上投资资金不足的融资模式。都是把民间私人资金和国外资本引入当地公共基础设施建设。这两者在运作过程中的特点等方面存在很大差异,文章对这两种融资方法作些分析比较,从概念、特征、运作和优缺点这四方面详细比较了地主港融资模式与BOT融资模式。     

地方政府债务融资模式的国际比较分析与借鉴

债务融资作为地方政府的一种公共经济权利,在近几年快速发展中,对地方政府解决因基础设施和公共服务建设增加而带来的资金短缺问题具有至关重要的作用.文章首先分析了我国地方政府的债务融资模式,然后对美国、加拿大以及日本地方政府成熟的债务融资模式进行了探讨,并从融资机制、融资成本以及偿还能力等几个方面进行国际比较,力求为我国地方政府债务融资模式的进一步完善提供参考.     

公共物品市场化研究——以绍兴市基础设施市场化建设为例

本文从公共物品的性质、分类等基本理论出发,对政府垄断公共物品供给存在的问题、公共物品市场化供给可能性、内在依据及条件等进行了理论分析,并通过构建公共物品供给的委托代理模型,分析政府在市场化过程中政府的职责和作用,提出充分利用市场机制改革政府提供公共物品的方式,是解决公共物品有效供给的必由之路,并围绕基础设施阐述适合我国基础设施市场化的几种项目融资方式。同时,本文以绍兴市的基础设施市场化建设为例,分析了绍兴市城市基础设施的主要做法,并从绍兴市的市场化实践中得出有益的启示,从政策上和措施上对如何利用市场机制、完善我国公共物品供给进行了探讨。     

目前我国城镇基础设施投融资模式分析

在我国经济建设步伐加快,各级地方财政普遍吃紧的情况下,直接财政投资、土地储备制度等传统融资模式已不能满足城市基础设施融资的需求。继之出现的BOT、TOT、PFI、ABS和市政债券的投融资模式市场程度依次提高,共同的特点在于引入SPC作为桥梁将政府与市场在公共物品领域连接起来,这些融资模式合作形式各异,以公私合营和资本市场的力量为城建资金寻找到了更广泛的投资者。本文介绍了我国现行的城镇基础设施投融资模式,如土地储备制度和市政债券等,依市场化程度的高低对这些融资进行了分类分析和比较,指出未来我国城建融资模式的发展方向。     

PFI融资模式在城市公共工程中的应用

PFI融资模式可以将私人资本引入城市公共工程建设以缓解政府公共设施建设资金紧张问题。为了研究PFI融资模式在我国的适用性,首先总结了PFI融资模式的原理与特点、运作与监管体系以及英国和日本的机构组成经验。在此基础上,分析了我国应用PFI模式的环境,认为当前我国具备在公共工程建设中应用PFI融资模式的条件,并借鉴他国经验提出了相应的实施措施。     

城市基础设施融资模式探讨

城市基础设施是城市发展的重要支撑,但仅靠政府资金不能满足需要。本文分析了传统基础设施融资渠道的不足,在借鉴国外先进的模式基础上,提出要综合利用各种融资渠道,同时探讨了政府在基础设施融资中的定位和作用。     

经营性基础设施建设项目融资模式选择探析

为了适应国内经济增长的需要,我国政府适时地提出了加快城镇化建设的重大战略决策,然而城市经营性基础设施建设的相对落后在一定程度上阻碍了城镇化建设工作的顺利进行。本文将从国内经营性基础设施项目建设的现状入手,分析项目建设融资的必要性,进而对于各类建设项目融资模式的选择进行简要的分析、研究。     

市政工程PPP项目投资风险管理策略

市政工程PPP投资项目主要是由政府与社会资本进行合作建设的公共基础设施运作模式.在这种模式之下,鼓励私营企业和民营资本和政府进行合作,共同进行公共建设.这种模式优化了项目的融资以及实施的模式,在建设的过程中互相促进,互相监督,最后形成双赢或者多赢的局面.但是这种合作模式具有一定的风险,如果一旦出现问题,就会严重影响公共建设的继续,所以政府必须要通过各种手段防范风险的产生,做好项目风险的管理工作.     

市政工程PPP项目投资风险管理策略

市政工程PPP投资项目主要是由政府与社会资本进行合作建设的公共基础设施运作模式.在这种模式之下,鼓励私营企业和民营资本和政府进行合作,共同进行公共建设.这种模式优化了项目的融资以及实施的模式,在建设的过程中互相促进,互相监督,最后形成双赢或者多赢的局面.但是这种合作模式具有一定的风险,如果一旦出现问题,就会严重影响公共建设的继续,所以政府必须要通过各种手段防范风险的产生,做好项目风险的管理工作.     

刍议我国地方政府融资模式

本文采用理论分析、比较研究与综合归纳相结合的研究方法,从地方政府融资的重要意义入手,在研究融资模式理论的基础上,通过对我国地方政府融资现状以及存在问题进行分析,系统地探讨了我国地方政府融资的主要模式,并对改善我国地方政府融资体系、实现地方政府融资模式的多样化发展提出了相关策略和建议。     

BOT与PFI融资模式的比较研究

为解决政府财政资金在公共基础设施建设上投资不足,世界各国普遍采用BOT和PFI这两种项目融资模式来吸收民间私人资本进行公共基础设施建设。本文从任务目标、组织机构、运作程序、适应范围等方面对两种模式进行了比较研究,分析了两种模式的优缺点,指出PFI在我国运用的可行性,并提出应用PFI模式的几点建议。     

城市基础设施投融资活动分类管理的探讨

随着社会资本进入基础设施建设领域,政府的投融资体制产生转变,导致公共产品属性发生了变化,使得公共产品商品化。本文通过分析城市基础设施的公共产品属性及其投融资体制,分析得出城市基础设施应该回归公共产品本来的属性,相应的城市基础设施投融资体制应该进行改革,应以政府财政资金为主导,对应的社会资本应当纳入财政预算,接受财政监督,同时,在复式预算的基础上根据城市基础设施建设的不同性质,对城市基础设施的投融资进行分类管理。     

FINANCING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE: KNOWNS,UNKNOWNS, AND A WAY FORWARD

Improved urban infrastructure is widely believed to be essential in facilitating economic growth and in improving the lives of urban dwellers, both in developed and in developing countries. This paper focuses on several dimensions of urban infrastructure finance: finance for major infrastructure improvements in major economic centers, finance for expansion of basic municipal services in secondary cities and towns, and intergovernmental systems for financing investments with impacts beyond jurisdictional limits. It reviews what is “known” about current practices in these areas, using international evidence and case studies and summarizing international best practices. It also indicates areas in which knowledge gaps remain. Despite these “unknowns,” there are avenues by which our understanding of infrastructure schemes can be enhanced, and some suggestions for a research agenda on financing urban infrastructure are offered in the concluding section.     

区块链金融应用场景、存在问题及合规发展

"区块链+传统金融"的创新金融模式,不仅颠覆了传统金融商业模式,更是提升与改进了现代化金融基础设施建设,建立了新一代全球金融模式。区块链金融目前已在我国取得了阶段性发展成果,在银行、证券以及保险等金融领域实现了广泛应用。但是,由于受金融监管法律、金融机构自身业务特征以及外部环境等约束,我国区块链金融发展缓慢。本文从合规发展角度入手,分析了我国区块链金融发展的难点及其阻碍、对现行金融监管法律法规的挑战,以及在实施区块链金融中存在的行业过渡及业务实现的困难,确立了区块链金融合规发展的治理原则,提出了推动我国区块链金融的具体监管策略。     

Barriers to investment in the informal venture capital sector

Much of the government intervention into the market ‘gap’ for start-up and early-stage equity finance in the UK is based on the belief that the problem is on the supply side. Based on an analysis of the informal venture capital market this paper argues that there is no shortage of finance available. A survey of business angels reveals that many are willing to allocate a higher proportion of their investment portfolio to investments in unquoted companies, with recent tax incentives having a positive effect on their willingness to invest. Over 90% are currently looking to make more investments. However, there are constraints on their ability to invest: they do not see enough deals that meet their investment criteria, the majority of the investment proposals that they receive are of poor quality, and they are often unable to negotiate acceptable investment terms and conditions with entrepreneurs. The implication is that there is a need for further interventions by policy-makers to remove these barriers so that more small firms can take advantage of the substantial pool of angel finance that is available.     

基础设施BOT项目中的政府担保与最优特许期

为了吸引国内外财团、公司企业,以及个人等非政府投资主体投资于中国基础设施项目建设,政府必须对投资者无法通过市场行为进行控制的非市场风险因素提供担保。本文在分析基础设施项目政府担保行为的基础上,将政府担保价值引入特许期谈判博弈模型,分析政府担保对最优特许期决策的影响,并为政府特许期决策提供政策建议。     

Competition for private capital and central grants: the case of Japanese industrial parks

Local governments invest in public infrastructure to develop their regions. When they depend on intergovernmental grants for local development and have opportunities to lobby upper-level governments for such grants, horizontal intergovernmental competition in lobbying activity may emerge in addition to competition over public infrastructure. This paper empirically examines the existence of these interactions between Japanese localities, by using data on the value of industrial parks as infrastructure provisions and on personnel interchanges between the central and local governments as a measure of lobbying activity. Our results suggest that a Japanese local government’s choice of the size of industrial parks and its invitation to central officers to act as a director on loan are positive responses to the neighboring local government’s policy choices. As the value of the industrial parks in a district is affected by the neighboring districts’ lobby activities and their industrial park values, we can interpret these results as evidence of inter-regional competition in these two dimensions, rather than control by the central government in this unitary state.     

Unlocking the potential of advanced manufacturing technologies

This research examines whether investments in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer aided design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), robotics, etc., are more likely to lead to improved performance if they are supported by improvements in the manufacturing infrastructure of the company. This question is evaluated using data gathered from 202 manufacturing plants chosen from industries generally considered to have relatively high investments in technology.Multiple item scales are developed and adapted from sources in the literature to measure investments in technology, infrastructure, and the performance of the plant. Evidence supporting the reliability and validity of these scales is provided. Hierarchical regression is used to analyze the relationship between technology, infrastructure, and performance. The results suggest that there is an important interaction between the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies and investments in infrastructure. Firms that invest in both AMTs and infrastructure perform better than firms which only invest in one or the other. Separate analyses on sub-samples of firms with the highest and lowest investments in AMTs show that infrastructural investments have a stronger relationship with performance in the high investment group. Thus, the data indicate that infrastructural investments provide a key to unlocking the potential of advanced manufacturing technologies.     

Financializing Desalination: Rethinking the Returns of Big Infrastructure

Against the trend prevalent during the 1990s and 2000s, large‐scale infrastructural projects have made a comeback in the water sector. Although sometimes framed as part of a broader sustainable transition, the return of big infrastructure is a much more complicated story in which finance has played a crucial role. In the following article, we explore this encounter between finance and water infrastructure using the case of Britain's first experiment in desalination technologies, the Thames Water Desalination Plant (TWDP). On the surface, the plant appears to be a classic example of the successes of normative industrial ecology, in which sustainability challenges have been met with forward‐thinking green innovations. However, the TWDP is utterly dependent on a byzantine financial model, which has shaped Thames Water's investment strategy over the last decade. This article returns to the fundamental question of whether London ever needed a desalination plant in the first place. Deploying an urban political ecology approach, we demonstrate how the plant is simultaneously an iconic illustration of ecological modernization and a fragile example of an infrastructure‐heavy solution to the demands of financialization. Understanding the development of the TWDP requires a focus on the scalar interactions between flows of finance, waste, energy and water that are woven through the hydrosocial cycle of London.     

公共投资项目特许权经营面临的问题与对策分析

目前，我国大多数公共投资项目由政府投资建设厦经营管理，其结果是经营管理效率低下、建设资金短缺、融资难等问题日益突出，发展特许权经营已被公认为解决上述问题的有效模式。本文从法律、风险分担、政府监管等角度分析了在公共投资项目领域实施特许经营所面临的问题，并提出了有效实施特许经营模式的对策与建议。