市政污泥合理化处置策略探讨

在处理城镇污水的同时如何有效安全地处理市政污泥是迫在眉睫和必须解决的难题。在我国，城镇污水处理厂产生的大量副产物-市政污泥，富集了污水中大量有机物且含水率高，成分复杂等特点，具备了“资源”和“污染”的双重属性。本文通过实际案例的调分析，研究探讨了现阶段市政污泥的处置现状和存在的问题与原因，并提出了相应的对策和建议为解决市政污泥处置工作中出现的问题提供借鉴，以实现污泥减量化、资源化、无害化处置的需要。     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处置与资源化利用探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展,人民的生活水平的日益提高,中国的城镇化建设的进程也快速进行着。随着城镇企业的发展,污水越来越多,污水处理的规模也越来越大。然而,在污水处理的过程中会产生大量的污泥,污泥的产量与污水的处理产量呈正相关的关系,净化的污水越多,则产生的污泥就越多。这些污泥既含有大量的水分、丰富的有机物及氮、磷、钾等有用的营养元素,又含有很多重金属、寄生虫等。因此,如何对这些污泥进行妥善处理,既能避免其中的有害物质对环境造成污染,又能合理利用其中的有用资源,避免资源的浪费,成为人们热切关注的话题。传统的解决污泥处理方法已经不能很好的满足环境保护与资源利用的要求,如何寻找一种更好的污泥处理办法,可以兼顾环境保护和资源利用,是我国污泥处理亟待解决的问题。本文通过分析我国污泥处理现状以及其中存在的问题,通过总结,对如何创建既符合环保要求又可以有效利用资源的污泥处理模式进行探讨,以期对完善我国污泥处理机制有所裨益。     

污泥治理技术研究与应用

城市发展过程中产生了大量的污泥,这些污泥如果不进行有效治理,将会对城市环境等各方面都会产生消极影响。所以城市有关部门一直都致力于研究污泥处理技术,多年的研究,增压式真空预压处理工艺被研发并且应用在污泥处理实践中。此种处理工艺与传统的污泥治理工艺相比,可以将污泥治理减量化、实现无害化治理,能够在比较短时间内恢复当地的生态。本文主要通过对增压式真空预压处理工艺的简单介绍,而后对该处理工艺所涉及到的技术以及具体应用进行了探讨分析,仅供参考借鉴。     

北江水厂污水及污泥处理研究

北江水厂通过污泥脱水车间的一整套设备对自来水生产过程中产生的污水及污泥进行了无害化处理。文章对该设备的工艺流程和运行成本进行分析，希望能为今后给水厂污水和污泥处理工程设计提供参考。     

堆肥技术运用于城市污水处理厂污泥再利用的研究

经对大连市某污水处理厂产生污泥进行堆肥试验,结果表明,其有机质含量合理,重金属含量远远低于规范要求,处理工艺简单,符合污泥处理减量化、无害化、资源化要求。     

基于DCS大型火电机组城市污泥掺烧智能控制优化

近年来,随着我国经济高速发展,大量产生的城市生活污泥如何处置成为一大难题,传统的填埋等手段已无法满足日益严格的环保要求。煤粉炉掺烧污泥是城市污泥解决污泥一个非常简单有效的方法,能够利用最小的资源使得大量的城市污泥得到无害化处理,并能回收其中的热量,获得最大的社会和经济效益。国内外已经大量展开了煤粉炉混烧污泥的试验工作,有的已经投入了商业运行,如国内已有多家电厂300MW大型火电机组开始尝试将城市生活污泥用大型煤粉炉掺烧。     

污泥处理中的低碳化策略研究

在污染防治过程中,有关污泥的处理是污染处理的一个大课题,低碳化处理是当前中国污泥处理的最新策略。笔者结合我国现实的社会背景,对污泥的处理处置方式进行详细探讨,以能够更好的转变我国污泥处理的方式方法,实现从卫生无害化到低碳排放的目标。     

各种焚烧炉在市政下水污泥焚烧中的应用

污水处理厂剩余活性污泥中含有99%以上的水分,其余的1%中含有机物(60%～70%)、营养物、病原体、重金属离子和毒性有机物,处置不当容易产生二次污染。文章介绍了各种污泥焚烧炉炉型,污泥焚烧设备主要有回转焚烧炉、立式多段焚烧炉、流化床式焚烧炉等。以焚烧技术为核心的污泥处理方法是最彻底的处理方法,是发达国家普遍采用的处理方法。流化床污泥焚烧炉在国际上也得到了较好的应用。文章旨在为国内市政下水污泥焚烧工作提供参考。     

污泥干化热解处置

随着社会经济的发展，人们生活水平的越来越高，产生的污染物也越来越多，对水环境的污染也越来越严重，因此水处理产业得到了快速发展，由于我国在治理水污染的过程中，存在重污水治理轻污泥处置的现象，使得我国的污泥处理起步较晚，使我国每年2000多万吨的污泥大部分未经有效处理而处置，从而导致二次污染。     

污泥处理与资源化利用分析

<正>随着城市污水处理的普及,城市污水厂的产物污泥大量增加,由于污泥的含水率高,容量大,给堆放、运输、储存、利用等带来很多麻烦,污泥处置的减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化越来越得     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.