An economic analysis of cooperative research

The U.S. government's most recent policy initiative to increase industrial research activity is the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. Since its passage much attention has been given to this new organizational research form, but to date there has not been any systematic investigation of the participants in cooperative research. This paper is an initial attempt to fill that void. First, a classification scheme is presented to describe the research activity of firms currently engaged in cooperative endeavors, as evidenced by mandated filings reported in the Federal Register. Then, a model of inter-firm differences in cooperative research activity is posited and tested using survey-based data for a sample of R&D active firms in the U.S. manufacturing sector. We conclude that market power is the principal determinant of involvement in cooperative research.     

An economic efficiency analysis of deconcentrating poverty populations

This paper presents a comparative static analysis using a conceptual model of the social benefits and costs associated with alternative spatial distributions of the poor. This analysis demonstrates that the necessary and sufficient conditions for justifying deconcentration of the poor on the grounds of increasing net social benefits are much more stringent than is commonly believed, fundamentally involving particular sorts of non-linear relationships between neighborhood poverty rates and the propensity of neighboring individuals to engage in problem behaviors and to earn less. The paper then conducts a meta-analysis of the limited empirical evidence available. The weight of the evidence implies that net social benefits would be improved if neighborhoods with greater than about 15% poverty rates were replaced with (an appropriately larger number) of neighborhoods having less than 15% poverty rates. However, net social benefits would be smaller if neighborhoods with greater than about 40% poverty rates were replaced with (an appropriately larger number) of neighborhoods having between about 15–40% poverty rates.     

Risk aversion and business cycles: An empirical analysis

Unlike investors, who tend to maintain highly-diversified portfolios, private entrepreneurs usually lack access to complete risk-pooling for idiosyncratic risks, thus more directly internalize the cost of volatility. Risk aversion, however, modifies the optimal contract between entrepreneurs and lenders by incorporating the risk premium that entrepreneurs demand for the uninsurable risk: the private equity premium. Consequently, real shocks tend to be amplified as changes in entrepreneurs’ net worth affect the private equity premium and so the rental rate of capital, investment and output. This theoretical framework suggests that economies where the private entrepreneurial sector is a relatively larger, and therefore more vulnerable to uninsurable risk, all else equal, should present higher volatility. I test this prediction by (1) conducting a simple reduced-form analysis that shows that output volatility is negatively associated with the relative importance of the corporate vs. the privately-held sector; and (2) estimating the model's structural parameters. Intuitively, countries where private entrepreneurs are predominant and so risk aversion is likely to impose stronger impacts, positive risk aversion coefficients should be found. Results suggest that risk aversion is empirically more relevant for economies like Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Korea, Mexico and Thailand than for Canada, France, Germany, the U.K. and the U.S.     

An economic analysis of the earnings of industrial accountants

This paper explores hypothesized determinants of accountants' earnings using a conventional Mincer earnings function. Findings indicate that the CPA credential, MBA degree, and years of work experience increase earnings. Also presented is a more detailed analysis of the earnings gap between accountants employed in traditional accounting positions and those in finance-related positions.     

An economic analysis of R & D joint ventures

A graphical model of co-operative R & D activity is presented, from which outcomes of R & D joint ventures are posited. The analysis predicts that R & D spending will increase as a result of co-operation and that the increment will tend to be in basic research more than applied or development.     

Building relations between educational establishments and local business

Schools, colleges and universities are rapidly realising that, by building better relations with local business, they are in a particularly advantageous position when competing with other charitable bodies. By the very nature of their existence, they possess facilities that can be utilised as bargaining tools in the constant competitive search for sponsorship deals. This paper describes the experience of one independent school which has been successful in obtaining funding from local businesses both from philanthropic and sponsorship sources. It suggests that educational establishments have a distinct advantage over other charitable organisations in their negotiating ability as they have at their ‘fingertips’ the sort of facility that businesses require for both their recreational and their academic needs.     

The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited

This paper revisits the two-equation model of Carree, van Stel, Thurik and Wennekers (2002) where deviations from the ‘equilibrium’ rate of business ownership play a central role in determining both the growth of business ownership and that of economic development. Two extensions of the original set-up are addressed: using longer time series of averaged data of 23 OECD countries (up to 2004) we can discriminate between different functional forms of the ‘equilibrium’ rate and we allow for different penalties for being above or under the ‘equilibrium’ rate. The additional data do not provide evidence of a superior statistical fit of a U-shaped ‘equilibrium’ relationship when compared to an L-shaped one. There appears to be a growth penalty for having too few business owners but not for having too many.     

Forecasting and uncertainty in the economic and business world

Forecasts are crucial for practically all economic and business decisions. However, there is a mounting body of empirical evidence showing that accurate forecasting in the economic and business world is usually not possible. In addition, there is huge uncertainty, as practically all economic and business activities are subject to events we are unable to predict. The fact that forecasts can be inaccurate creates a serious dilemma for decision and policy makers. On the one hand, accepting the limits of forecasting accuracy implies being unable to assess the correctness of decisions and the surrounding uncertainty. On the other hand, believing that accurate forecasts are possible means succumbing to the illusion of control and experiencing surprises, often with negative consequences. We believe that the time has come for a new attitude towards dealing with the future. In this article, we discuss the limited predictability in the economic and business environment. We also provide a framework that allows decision and policy makers to face the future — despite the inherent limitations of forecasting and the uncertainty, sometimes huge, surrounding most future-oriented decisions.     

物流管理教学团队为地方经济发展服务的途径与对策探讨

物流管理教学团队不仅要实现教与学的互动,也需要推动高校与地方经济特别是现代物流产业发展的互动。文中将对高校为地方经济发展服务的必要性、物流管理教学团队为地方经济发展服务基本功能进行分析,并进一步对物流管理教学团队为地方经济发展服务的途径与对策进行探讨。     

中介理论视野下的商务沟通有效策略

中介理论是马克思研究叙述中经常提及和运用的重要方法,文章以这一抽象理论为工具,在具体分析商务沟通的中间媒介和中间过渡状态后,提出商务沟通的有效策略,对提高商务沟通的成效确定了基本思路或基本准则,富有深刻的理论和实践意义。     

城乡收入差距经济分析与治本之策

我国改革开放的26年是社会财富高度增长的26年,也是社会利益高度多元化的26年。为追求经济稳定发展,建设和谐社会,必须从根本上解决城乡收入差距扩大问题。本文对我国城乡居民生活水平的变化趋势和城乡收入差距的现状进行了比较详细的实证分析,在此基础之上提出了收入差距的适度范围,并探讨解决"三农"问题的治本之策。     

An analytical model for the formation of economic clusters

A simple spatial economy derived from microeconomic foundations is presented to gain insight into the formation of economic clusters. In this model, the formation of economic clusters is a consequence of the competition between economic forces that are consistent with atomistic agents maximizing their utility. An analytic approach is used to obtain the evolution of economic clusters. With this approach, the number of clusters which will grow can be predicted. These results are derived in the traditional one-dimensional geometry and extended to the more realistic two-dimensional landscape.     

企业并购的博弈分析

企业并购是产权自由交易、资本自由流动的重要表现形式,是商品经济的必然产物。在我国,由于市场经济体制尚处于建立初期,与之相应的企业并购方兴未艾。并且,随着经济的发展和加入WTO,企业并购已逐渐成为我国经济生活中不可缺少的一部分。 企业并购是兼并与收购的统称,泛指为获取其他企业的控制权而进行的产权交易活动。虽然兼并     

基于供给侧结构性改革背景下的营改增经济效应研究

文章从财税角度,尤其是以营改增所取得的成效来阐述供给侧结构性改革.金融危机后我国财税改革的关键手段之一就是营改增,该项改革产生了多种经济效应:减税效应、经济增长效应和社会效应.     

某超市库存管理信息系统的业务流程分析

对系统的功能进行详细的设计,目的使开发者与用户更有效的实现功能与理解需求,并使程序人员能顺利的实现系统,在系统的实现阶段重点讲述设计到编码的过渡,以体现建模的模型对系统开发带来的好处。     

某超市库存管理信息系统的业务流程分析

对系统的功能进行详细的设计,目的使开发者与用户更有效的实现功能与理解需求,并使程序人员能顺利的实现系统,在系统的实现阶段重点讲述设计到编码的过渡,以体现建模的模型对系统开发带来的好处.     

论通过改变能源结构提高酒店业经济效益

文章认为能源损耗一直是困扰很多企业的问题,特别在酒店业,能耗影响经济效益已成为酒店业普遍的问题,需要通过健全管理和新技术新设备的引进,改变能源结构来提高饭店的经济效益。     

企业经营绩效评价的分析

随着经济和信息技术的高速发展,企业经营绩效的评估体系也日臻完善.但是同西方世界相比,我国的企业经营绩效评估体系仍旧停留在单纯的财务指标方面,如何完善我国的评价体系,我们需要从四个方面着手仔细进行分析:我们需要明确新型评价体系的目的.并以此提出影响企业绩效的各因素关系和反映各因素的指标的两方面的原则.同时我们需要认清当前我国在评价体系方面的现实.认真分析其局限性的原因和指标体系应用性上的缺憾.     

Duration dependence in US business cycles: An analysis using the modulated power law process

The modulated power law process is used to analyze the duration dependence in US business cycles. The model makes less restricting assumptions than traditional models do and measures both the local and global performance of business cycles. The results indicate evidence of positive duration dependence in the U.S. business cycles. Structural change after WWII in both expansion and contraction phases of business cycles is also documented. Hypothesis tests confirm that the model fits US business cycles.