中小企业技术创新管理

一般而言,企业规模越大,综合实力越强,企业技术创新能力也越高,有利于企业选择自主型和领先型技术创新战略;反之,企业规模越小,综合实力越弱,企业技术创新能力也越低,则企业选择模仿型、引进型和跟随型技术创新战略就较为合适。     

中小企业技术创新管理

一般而言,企业规模越大,综合实力越强,企业技术创新能力也越高,有利于企业选择自主型和领先型技术创新战略:反之,企业规模越小,综合实力越弱,企业技术创新能力也越低,则企业选择模仿型、引进型和跟随型技术创新战略就较为合适.     

中小企业技术创新管理

一般而言,企业规模越大,综合实力越强,企业技术创新能力也越高,有利于企业选择自主型和领先型技术创新战略;反之,企业规模越小,综合实力越弱,企业技术创新能力也越低,则企业选择模仿型、引进型和跟随型技术创新战略就较为合适。     

上市公司进入新行业的影响因素:事前证据

本文以2001～2005年的518家制造业上市公司为样本,将上市公司多元化过程中的影响因素为研究对象,考察期间公司进入新行业的事前证据。结论显示,公司规模越大,主营业务能力越强,经营现金净流量越充分,高管持股比例与第一大股东持股比例越高,公司进入新行业的可能性越低,而董事会制度对公司进入新行业没有显著影响。     

上市公司进入新行业的影响因素：事前证据

本文以2001～2005年的518家制造业上市公司为样本,将上市公司多元化过程中的影响因素为研究对象,考察期间公司进入新行业的事前证据。结论显示,公司规模越大,主营业务能力越强,经营现金净流量越充分,高管持股比例与第一大股东持股比例越高,公司进入新行业的可能性越低,而董事会制度对公司进入新行业没有显著影响。     

论国际垂直专业化分工的工资效应——基于浙江制造业数据的实证分析

在全球生产网络化的背景下,中国制造业广泛参与国际垂直专业化分工,对劳动收入分配产生了重要影响。本文以外向经济较为发达的浙江省为例,测算了浙江26个制造业部门参与垂直专业化分工的程度,并就垂直化专业分工对浙江制造业工资收入的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果显示:浙江制造业部门参与国际垂直专业化分工总体上提升了行业工资收入水平;垂直专业化分工对制造业工资收入的促进作用在资本密集型行业中比在劳动密集型行业中更大。本文最后就如何提升浙江制造业工资水平、缩小行业工资差距提出了相应对策建议。     

市场化进程、企业家能力与经济增长

本文以2010—2012年中国大陆省级行政区的宏观经济数据和企业家能力的微观数据为研究样本,通过理论模型与实证检验分析企业家能力与经济增长的关系,以及不同市场化进程下企业家能力对经济增长的差异化贡献。研究发现,企业家人力资本水平越高,社会责任能力越强,越不利于经济增长;相反,企业家关系网络能力和战略领导能力越强,越有利于经济增长。在不同市场化水平下,企业家能力对经济增长的影响也有所不同。市场化水平越高,人力资本水平和社会责任能力对经济增长的负面影响越弱,关系网络能力对经济增长的促进作用也将有所减弱。     

多元化经营与现金持有水平——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

本文采用2007～2009年446家A股制造业上市公司的平衡面板数据,基于静态权衡理论,利用两个维度的多元化经营指标分析了中国制造业上市公司多元化经营对现金持有水平的影响。研究结果显示,多元化与专业化上市公司的现金持有水平存在显著差异,多元化经营的上市公司现金持有水平更低,而且多元化经营水平越高的上市公司现金持有水平越低。     

上市公司资本结构影响因素的实证检验

本文的目的是对我国上市公司资本结构的影响因素进行实证检验。结果显示,在我国,上市公司的盈利能力越强,则负债率越低;规模越大、成长性越高,则负债率越高;资产抵押价值越大,实际公司所得税税率低,则长期负债率越高,而总负债率却不受影响;非负债税收屏蔽效应越大,则总负债率越低,而长期负债率越高。至于其他因素,如收入的波动性、管理层持股比例、产品的独特性以及流通A股比例等,则对我国上市公司的资本结构决策没有显著影响。     

中国装备制造业的技术创新效率

本文基于产出距离函数的随机前沿分析方法,以1997～2010年中国装备制造业7个子行业的面板数据为样本,测算了装备制造业创新生产活动的技术效率与规模效率,并对装备制造业技术创新效率的影响因素进行分析。研究结果发现,1998～2010年装备制造业的平均技术创新效率为0.833;装备制造业技术创新效率随时间变化呈现缓慢递增趋势,样本期间内共增长了0.127;装备制造业的总技术创新效率与规模效率皆获得了较大改进,但仍处于低效率水平;在影响装备制造业技术创新效率的因素中,产权结构的改善以及企业规模的提高是促进装备制造业技术创新效率改进的主要原因。     

国际垂直专业化的测量及差异分析

根据Hummels et al.Hummels al.(2001)的国际垂直专业化指数,采用中国的投入产出表,从承接国(或地区)视角,测量中国27个工业行业1997-20111997 2011年的国际垂直专业化程度,并借鉴北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组(2006)的方法,测算中国与OECD国家和非OECD国家(或地区)的国际垂直专业化程度。研究结果表明:加入WTO后,中国的国际垂直专业化程度上升较快,分行业来看,资本密集型行业(包括技术密集型行业)的国际垂直专业化程度得到较快提升,而劳动密集型行业的国际垂直专业化程度较低;分伙伴国(或地区)来看,中国与OECD国家的垂直专业化程度更高,主要是高技术密集型行业,但是中国与非OECD国家(或地区)各行业的垂直专业化程度上涨幅度较大,尤其是资本密集型行业。     

垂直专业化对我国本土企业技术进步的影响研究

对于发展中国家而言,参与垂直专业化分工体系成为促进技术进步的重要途径之一。我国本土企业应该通过不断参与垂直专业化过程吸引外国直接投资,或参与中间产品进出口等途径不断获得国外技术溢出,最终促进自身技术进步。     

Capability-based governance patterns over the product life-cycle: an agent-based model

In recent literature, there is disagreement over the temporal pattern of vertical governance of firms over the product life-cycle. We use a novel neo-Schumpeterian agent-based simulation model to investigate emerging patterns of vertical governance for different levels of imitability and substitutability of capabilities. We find that, in the mature phase of the product life-cycle, firms generally prefer vertical specialization. However, in the early phase, imitability and substitutability, in interplay, determine the governance form preferred. High imitability frustrates appropriation and thereby discourages integration for synergistic advantages. However, firms need not vertically specialize: under low substitutability, incompatibilities reduce the advantages of specialization. When both substitutability and imitability are low, firms can appropriate the value of their inventions and there is no combinatorial advantage of specialization, so firms predominantly integrate. If substitutability is high and imitability is low, the combinatorial advantage of specialization balances with the synergistic advantage of integration.     

Changing Productive Relations,Linkage Effects,and Industrialization

This paper develops a multi-sector endogenous innovation model that is able to take changing productive relations among sectors into account. It is shown that while productivity and demand shocks do not induce any changes in productive relations and linkage effects, shocks in the productivity of R&D increase both backward and forward linkages. Key sectors are characterized as having high forward and backward linkages, which are consistent with the definition of key sectors in the existing empirical studies. However, vertical specialization generates not only sectors with high backward and low forward linkages, but also sectors with low backward and high forward linkages. As a consequence of this vertical specialization, the latter sectors become key sectors, in the sense that they have significant effects on business fluctuations. This implies that general-purpose technology sectors emerge, and sector-specific policies for these sectors play a critical role in economic development and growth.     

Open standards,vertical disintegration and entrepreneurial opportunities: How vertically-specialized firms entered the U.S. semiconductor industry

This paper shows how the emergence of open standards has created large numbers of entrepreneurial opportunities in the semiconductor industry by enabling vertical specialization. Integrating data on firms and technology evolution, we find a gradual increase in the percentage of firms represented by newly-founded “de novo” entrepreneurial startups, instead of “de alio” ones, as open standards emerged in semiconductor products and processes over the life of the industry. This standardization reduced transaction costs and fostered specialization, thus facilitating the entry of vertically-specialized new ventures. Vise versa, the rise of such new ventures further pushed the adoption of open standards, and the vertical disintegration of the industry. Our theory on how standardization creates opportunities for new ventures and our analysis of the semiconductor industry contribute to the technology entrepreneurship literature, as well as the industry architecture literature that has primarily focused on the impact of standardization on the disintegration of vertically-integrated incumbents.     

Production fragmentation and trade integration: East Asia in a global context

This paper examines the implications of international production fragmentation for global and regional trade patterns, with special emphasis on countries in East Asia. It is found that, while trade in parts and components (fragmentation trade) has generally grown faster than total world manufacturing trade, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of international specialization is proportionately larger than in North America and Europe. International production fragmentation has certainly played a pivotal role in the continuing dynamism of the East Asian economies and increasing intra-regional economic interdependence. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that this new form of international exchange has contributed to reducing the region's dependence on the global economy. On the contrary, growth dynamism based on vertical specialization depends inexorably on extra-regional trade in final goods, and this dependence has in fact increased over the years.     

对"以专业化促集聚"的区域发展战略的经济学分析

区域经济专业化作为专业化发展的高级阶段,它是以人的劳动专业化、企业生产的专业化为基础而集聚形成的.文章分析了其特性和机制,指出中国区域经济发展应实施专业化的发展战略.     

Vertical specialization across the world: A relative measure

This article investigates the dynamics and the international distribution of vertical specialization (VS) - the use of imported inputs to produce goods that are afterwards exported. We propose a relative measure of VS-based trade that combines information from Input-Output matrices and international trade data, producing results for a large sample of countries with a detailed product breakdown. We illustrate this measure by showing the evolution of VS activities at the world level over the 1967-2005 period. The results are consistent with partial evidence existing in the literature, pointing to a substantial increase of VS in high-technology products and in East Asia.     

Market linkages with fragmented production

I use a Ricardian model to analyze the transmission of technology shocks between countries when production processes are fragmented. The analysis emphasizes the role of three factors in determining how the gains from technical progress are shared between the innovating country and the rest of the world: the elasticity of substitution in consumption of final goods, the elasticity of substitution between intermediate and final production stages, and the pattern of production. In contrast to models with trade in final goods only, a high elasticity of substitution in consumption may be associated with losses for the innovating country when there is complete vertical specialization in production. I also examine the transmission of shocks in a three-country world where two countries are linked in a vertical production relationship.