商业地产或成房企战略转型首选

当前,在现有房地产调控政策不放松和有可能进一步加码的长期调控态势下,越来越多的大型住宅开发企业纷纷进行战略上的转型,逐步加大非住宅物业的开发投资力度和规模,在规避住宅市场调控的同时,拓展企业新的开发领域和利润增长点。     

Property Tax and Housing Returns

This paper evaluates the effects of property tax on housing. While land tax and capital gains tax are widely used for curbing hoarding of land and speculation, its effectiveness is inconclusive. The imposition of a capital gains tax will impair the liquidity of property transaction, lower the rate of return on property investment, and reduce revenue from land sales which represents an important tax resource for the communities. This paper shows that a capital gains tax is capitalized into housing prices. Individuals tend to postpone the purchase of houses because of transaction taxes. Using an impulse response function, we show that a transaction tax has a dynamic negative impact on housing returns. While this paper focuses on Hong kong, for the purpose of comparison Singapore and Taiwan are also discussed.     

组织资本会计的产权经济学

本文通过对企业组织资本的产权分析,基于其“不可分性”与“外部性”的基本属性与特征,认为它是企业的一种特殊的共有产权;在此基础上,根据产权与会计的关系,对其会计制度的初步设计进行了探讨。     

对开征物业税的几点质疑

为建立和健全我国财产税体系，我国正在酝酿新一轮的房地产税制改革，择机出台物业税。本对物业税的开征能否抑制当今的高房价，能否成为地方财政的主体税种，物业税可能会带来哪些负效应进行分析，并结合我国的实际情况提出相关的政策建议。     

Assessment Lags and Property Tax Impacts

Abstract . A major administrative problem of the property tax is the difficulty of maintaining current assessments. If real estate is not reassessed as market values change, then the real tax rates on market value will diverge from the statutory rates. Within any taxing jurisdiction those properties with the highest rate of increase in market value will be taxed at the lowest real rate, while those with the lowest (including negative) rate of increase in market value will be taxed at the highest real rate. This investigation develops a straightforward method for calculating differentials in effective tax rates and describes the economic impacts of these differentials.     

从“好士兵”到“坏苹果”:组织中道德许可研究述评

随着研究者对员工非伦理行为的关注,用道德许可来解读员工非伦理行为成为近几年组织管理研究的一个新兴研究主题.组织中的道德许可指的是员工因过去或未来工作中的行为,而允许自己减少工作中的伦理行为或增加工作中的非伦理行为.在文献梳理的基础上,本文回顾并评价了道德许可的概念发展、测量方法、与相似概念的异同和理论基础,重点分析了道德许可在组织管理的现有研究,包括前因、结果和调节变量.未来研究可以从以下几个方面拓展道德许可在管理领域的研究:开发中国情境下道德许可的测量量表、探索组织或团队层面的跨层作用、探讨组织情境的调节作用、丰富道德许可对道德存疑行为作用的研究以及研究个体特征和情境对许可路径的影响.     

Property Tax Assessment Rates and Residential Abandonment

A bstract Netghbothood abandonment rates is New York City are predieted Within a model which investigates the imporatnce of property tax assessments building conditions adn tenant characteristies in owners'abandonment decision The results indicate that tax assessment rate are a mojor determinant of abon donment, and point to policy changes capable of showing the spread of aban donment in vulnerble netghbot hoods     

On the Degree of Property Tax Assessment Inequity in Complex Tax Jurisdictions

A bstract . The extent of interest in the degree of inequity in property assessment is indicative of the importance of identifying determinants of assessment inequity. Previous attempts to identify such determinants were certainly incomplete. An additional variable is offered for the list that would be expected to explain statistically the degree of inequity in the distribution of property tax liabilities , in general, and to examine specifically the relationship between assessment, inequity and the degree of complexity for assessing Jurisdictions. The latter are often complex in the sense that individual properties, although subject to a set of two or more nominal tax rates on assessed values, are not subject to the same set of nominal tax rates. It is argued—to the extent that individual property tax liabilities are capitalized in sale prices for individual properties —that the greater the number of specific property tax rates on assessed value , the greater is the expected frequency of change in such specific property tax rates and, therefore, the higher the expected value of the measure of the degree of inequity.     

The Good,the Bad and the Ugly: Employment Relations In New Non-Union Workplaces1

David Guest, who is Professor of Occupational Psychology at Birkbeck College, and Kim Hoque, who is Research Officer in the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics and Political Science, draw on a postal survey of nearly 350 new establishments to consider their propensity to unionise, to adopt practices associated with HRM, and to deliver a number of performance outcomes. Key findings are that not only were there examples of the ‘good’, the ‘bad’ and the ‘ugly’ so far as practice generally was concerned, but also that those establishments which used HRM practices extensively tended to report better results in terms of a number of both employee relations and performance outcomes.     

论物业税与现行房地产税收的关系

目前房价居高不下,政府调控房地产市场的措施陆续出台,在众多调控措施中,备受关注的一项措施是开征物业税。在开征物业税的过程中,必然会涉及到如何处理物业税与现行房地产税收的关系。对此,专家学者从不同角度发表了各自的看法。本文认为,现行的房产税、城镇土地使用税、城市维护建设税、教育费附加应该并入物业税,耕地占用税应并入土地出让金,土地增值税应该取消或并入物业税,契税应继续保留。我国应该通过正确处理物业税与现行房地产税收的关系,健全房地产税收体系。     

The Economics of Property Rights and Human Rights

A bstract . Human rights and property rights are rights of the person , with the former being numbered among the latter. The property rights school of economics analyzes the impact of maximizing behavior within alternative sets of institutional structures defined in terms of the definition and distribution of property rights. Property rights are tools or parameters, not goals of economic policy in themselves. It is useful to view human rights in the same way. The 'optimal' structure of human rights in an exchange economy , like property rights, depends on the nature of market imperfections such as transactions costs . The views of Rawls, Arrow and Sen can be interpreted in the light of this analysis. It makes a tentative case for some communal human rights (aimed at moderating the effects of an unequal ditribution of resources ) within a system of private human rights vested in individuals rather than the State. This conclusion depends, however, on the distribution of transactions costs in human rights and the chosen role of human rights as tools of public policy.     

关于物业税征收目的和效应之辨析

本文讨论了物业税的征收目的和物业税所产生的效应之差别,以及在实践中区分这些概念的意义。