关于建设工程监理控制要点探析

建筑工程在施工中，工程监理是非常重要的管理方式，同时工程监理在建筑工程施工中也能取得非常明显的效果。在建筑工程施工中，工程监理是必不可少的部分，但是工程监理在工作中也是存在着一些问题的，为了更好的进行工程的监理，对工程监理的控制原则和监理控制的要点进行分析是非常必要的。     

建设项目前期工程环境监理的探讨

工程环境监理工作在我国刚刚起步，是一种新型的环境管理方式。随着环境问题的日益突出，工程环境监理在环境保护、环境管理中将发挥重大的作用。目前，工程环境监理仅限于施工阶段，有必要对建设项目前期环境监理进行探讨。文章对建设项目前期实行工程环境监理的重要性进行探讨，分析建设项目可行性研究阶段的环境影响评价、初步设计阶段的环境保护总体方案设计和施工图设计阶段的环境保护工程设计环境监理的工作内容，提出推行前期工程环境监理的思路，以期为建设项目前期实行环境监理工作提供借鉴。     

论信息系统智能建筑监理

摘要：目前智能大厦要满足大厦的电话业务，数据业务，图文等视频业务综合布线工程被广泛应用，本文从监理工作在综合布线工程中的职责、以及控制目标说明工程监理的重要性出发，从监理目标，施工阶段、测试阶段、验收阶段工程中的监理要点进行7叙述。     

监理过程中客户沟通与满意度分析研究

从20世纪80年代起，工程监理作为工程建设中的一个新兴行业在我国应运而生，如今取得了长足的进步和发展。有关工程监理方面的法律、法规、规章和规范等规定日趋完善，为工程建设监理行业健康有序的发展保驾护航。随着国内外市场的全面融合，监理市场的竞争日趋激烈，一些监理公司急功近利，进行恶意竞标，搞“形式监理”，加之工程监理方与建设方客户之间沟通不畅，使得客户对监理公司的信任度下降，导致满意度急剧下滑。     

一种新的社会分工——在AIS开发中引入监理的思考

信息系统工程监理目前还是个新生事物，尚处于探索阶段，尤其是软件工程监理还没有制定相应的规范和标准。本文以AIS（会计信息系统）为研究对象，探讨了在会计信息系统软件开发中引入监理机制的必要性和可行性以及监理的几个关键方面，以期保障会计软件能够满足客户管理的客观需求。     

阿郎隧道监理工作的要点和管控方案研究

文章结合阿郎隧道隧道工程监理实践，介绍了阿郎隧道的特点，对进行隧道监理时的监理机构及人员配备、监理实施细则等进行阐述，着重论述了隧道在施工前、施工中及完工后变更、计量等各施工环节以及如何进行现场质量监理的具体方法，以确保隧道工程施工质量。     

房屋建筑施工中监理作用的探讨

房屋建筑工程的质量关系到国家经济发展和人民生命财产安全，只有不断强化监理作用在房屋建筑施工中的发挥，才能确保工程的质量。文章就房屋建筑施工中监理的意义、房屋建筑施工监理的方法等方面进行论述，探讨了房屋建筑工程施工中监理的作用。     

工程监理中存在的问题及意见

工程建设监理是建设监理单位接受业主的委托和授权，根据国家批准的工程项目建设文件、有关工程建设法规和工程建设监理合同以及工程建设合同所进行的旨在实现项目投资目的的微观监督管理活动。监理在促进、保证工程质量的作用中，发挥了重要作用，但现阶段工程监理不到位，“名不副实”、难于充分发挥作用等问题，直接或间接影响着监理活动的发展。本文试从工程监理体制、机制上，探讨当前工程监理的主要问题。由于我国的建设监理制起步较晚，计划经济的体制决定了我国监理制度从一建立就有其本身的特点，没有形成社会化的监理模式，至今仍存在着以下一些问题：[第一段]     

浅谈建设工程监理与工程项目管理的关系

随着建设工程发展的不断深入，对工程监理和工程的项目管理也有了新的要求，工程监理和工程项目管理都是为建设工程服务的。本文从二者之间的特点进行分析，详细论述了建设工程监理与工程项目管理之间的关系，同时对未来的发展趋势进行科学的推断。     

浅谈如何做好工程监理工作

工程建设监理单位是专业化、社会化的工程服务机构，受业主的委托，以自身的专业技术、管理技术有效地控制工程建设项目的进度、质量、投资，公正地管理合同，使工程建设项且的总目标得以最优实现。但目前工程监理也暴露出了一些问题，本文针对这些问题，对如何做好工程监理工作进行了探讨，以供参考。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.