学习宣传落实“新准则”要多问几个“为什么”

一、重点学习把握哪些新内容 1．学习理解审计人员保持审计独立性的重大意义。独立性是审计质量的保证。对审计人员应具备的独立性,《审计准则》第十六条至二十三条主要明确了“审计人员执行审计业务时,应保持应有的独立性,不得参加影响审计独立性的活动,不得参与被审计单位的管理活动”等。学习这一条的目的就是做到自觉“回避”。只有做到了自觉“回避”,才能确保审计的独立性,审计人员才能作出正确的审计判断。     

关于加强注册会计师审计独立性的思考

C.W.尚德尔认为:"独立性不是审计人员的思想态度,而是假定审计人员所提出的意见,判断决策将不为他个人的,感情的和物质利益所影响."如果审计人员缺乏独立性,就不利于其作用的发挥.因此,审计人员不仅有责任保持实质上的独立性,也要避免缺乏形式的独立性.     

影响经济责任审计独立性因素分析

独立性是审计的本质属性，直接影响到审计质量和审计风险。经济责任审计风险往往大于一般审计风险，因此，积极探讨经济责任审计的独立性，有助于防范审计风险，提高审计质量。一、审计人员自身因素影响经济责任审计独立性独立性要求审计人员必须保持工作上的独立，而其前提则是审计人员必须具有与时俱进的各种业务素质，这是保持审计工作独立的最基本条件，因此，审计人员自身业务素质高低、知识结构是否合理及对现代知识感受能力强弱，不仅影响到一般审计工作的独立性，也深刻地影响着经济责任审计的独立性。（一）审计人员知识结构影响。随着市场经济和知识经济的发展，依靠单一的审计经验和专业知识，在实际工作中越来越受到局限，尤其在任期经济责任审计中，这种局限越来越影响到审计的独立性。一是审计专业知识。无论社会经济如何发展，审计对象、审计手段如何千变万化，但有一点不会变，那就是审计专业知识和审计实践经验。一个只有书本知识而无丰富审计实践经验，或虽有丰富实践经验，而审计理论知识贫乏的审计人员，在不断发展的审计实践中，是很难保持其独立性的。特别是在现实日益迫切需要的经济责任审计中，由于这种审计还未完全建立起一整套完善的工作理论体系，因此对审计人员，无论过去水...     

内部审计应坚持的一般原则

坚持独立性，是内部审计的关键所在。独立性使审计人员的行为、行动和意见不受来自外部门或他人的干扰、影响和控制。所谓独立性，主要包括以下几个方面：①内部审计机构、审计人员的独立性，内部审计机构由企事业法人直接管理，可以独立行使审计权力；②获取信息资料的独立性，审计人员要深入实际，尽可能收集各种作为审计判断证据的信息资料，这些信息资料是作出正确审计结论的基础；③审计判断过程的独立性，审     

关于审计准则审计独立性的思考

审计独立性是现代审计的灵魂,如果注册会计师审计缺乏独立性,就很难保证审计质量.审计独立性可以由审计人员自我选择能力的高低来衡量.本文在分析了审计独立性的内涵定义,并进一步探讨了我国审计市场存在的影响审计独立性的因素,并提出了改善和提高审计独立性相应的对策.     

影响审计独立性的因素及对策思考

独立性是审计的灵魂,是现代审计之精髓,?审计独立性是审计理论和实践中一个非常重要的概念,其重要性体现在企业内部的契约监督活动和企业外部社会公众的投资决策均依赖于审计人员的独立性。缺失独立性是审计失真与质量低下的重要原因。文章指出了影响我国审计独立性的因素,并对其影响因素进行了分析,提出了增强我国审计独立性的措施。     

浅谈审计的独立性和权威性

一、审计独立性和权威性的关系 独立性是指审计组织和审计人员在审计过程中独立行使法定的审计权力、履行审计职责的行为。审计组织和审计人员的审计行为只受审计准则和审计规范的指导．不受其他组织和人员的影响，审计组织和审计人员对审计事项独立地做出判断、提出处理处罚和意见建议。     

制约经济责任审计独立性的因素分析

经济责任审计风险往往大于一般的审计风险,因此,高度重视经济责任审计的独立性,是防范经济责任审计风险,提高经济责任审计质量,充分发挥其职能作用的重要条件。一、审计人员自身因素影响审计独立性审计人员自身业务素质的高低、知识结构是否     

CPA审计的独立性研究:威胁、防护及成效分析

独立性是社会审计的精髓,是CPA履行社会责任的根本保证。论文以CPA审计为视角,分析了影响CPA审计独立性的诸多因素,阐述了缺乏独立性对社会的威胁,探索了防护独立性的相关措施,其中对扩大会计师事务所规模的成本效益关系进行了较深地、有创意地数理推论,从而逻辑性地得出通过扩大事务所规模以提高审计独立性的必然结论。     

试论我国社会审计的独立性

试论我国社会审计的独立性■何少娟一、社会审计独立性的理论阐释独立性是审计的本质特征,是审计的客观性和真实性的前提,因而独立性也就成了审计赖以存在的基础。审计独立性是指审计单位和审计人员在审计过程中自始至终不受外来或内在的干扰和影响,独立、客观地发表对...     

An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non‐audit Services on Auditor Independence in Appearance in the European Union: Evidence from Germany

The provision of non‐audit services by the statutory auditor may have a negative impact on auditor independence. Therefore, the European Union decided to prevent auditors from offering a significant extent of non‐audit services to audit clients. Prior research has revealed that different advisory services have different effects on perceived auditor independence. This could be caused by differences in number and intensity of independence threats (self‐interest, familiarity, self‐review, advocacy). Therefore, this experimental study investigates the effect of such threats on independence perceptions in the case of German individual investors. Multivariate analyses indicate that a high self‐interest and a high‐familiarity threat may impair auditor independence in appearance. On the other hand, our findings do not reveal a significant effect of an existing advocacy threat on investors’ trust in auditor independence. A negative effect of a self‐review threat is not directly confirmed. However, the provision of services with regard to internal controls, and thus the self‐review threat, interacts with the self‐interest threat. They potentially impact perceived auditor independence negatively when non‐audit fees are high. In contrast, no significant interactions with familiarity are found. Based on these findings, a general prohibition of non‐audit services does not seem to be necessary. On the other hand, a non‐audit fees cap might be reasonable.     

The Empirical Research on Auditor Independence and Mandatory Auditor Rotation

Using, the method of correlation coefficient, this paper discusses the empirical relationship between audit tenure and audit opinion in annual reports in China A-share market and period of mandatory rotation of auditor. The research finds that the negative correlation between auditor tenure and non-standard unqualified audit opinion is statistically significant, and auditor tenure might impair his/her independence. To enhance auditor independence and improve audit quality, it is necessary to rotate mandatory auditor. The results also fred that consecutive auditing years should not exceed 5 years when the existing auditor has been the auditor of listed company, and mandatory rotation of auditor adapts to the rotation of CPA firms in charge of a client.     

Review of empirical research on rotation and non-audit services: auditor independence in fact vs. appearance

Confidence in the processes of corporate reporting and auditing has rapidly decreased recently due to front-page accounting scandals in both the United States and Europe. The goal of audit regulations, such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act in the United States (US) and the 8th Directive in the European Union (EU), is to restore public trust in the auditing process. Along with other regulatory aspects, requirements related to audit partner rotation and bans on providing concurrent non-audit services were implemented to maintain auditor independence, both in fact and in appearance. However, the implementation of audit regulation implies that increased requirements are able to enhance the failed audit function. Empirical research should help to understand the impact of these two regulatory aspects and indicate their effectiveness in maintaining auditor independence. Thus, we outline the newest empirical research related to audit partner rotation and non-audit services and independence in fact or in appearance. Overall, we conclude that prior research does not point to one particular requirement that would most effectively restore trust in the audit function. Rather the existence of multiple threats to auditor independence might demand a combination of several requirements to maintain auditor independence. Thus, more research is needed to investigate the joint effects of different threats to auditor independence, e.?g., non-audit fees and audit partner tenure.     

审计师与管理者博弈下的审计独立性与审计质量——纵横国际的例证分析

审计独立性与审计质量始终是审计研究领域的核心问题。本文以纵横国际为例,采用博弈论的方法,从审计师与公司管理者的较量角度审视审计独立性与审计质量的关系。我们认为:制度对审计独立性和审计质量的影响并不是直接的,而是通过影响审计师在与客户管理当局的博弈中的决策行为而对审计独立性发挥作用,然后带来审计质量的变化。     

Impact of renewable long-term audit mandates on audit quality

Anglo-American countries like the US and the UK allow companies to switch auditors every year. In contrast, some continental European countries restrict auditor switching by allowing only renewable long-term audit mandates. This paper aims to analyse the impact of renewable long-term audit mandates on audit quality. Audit quality is considered from the viewpoint of the external users of the financial statements. It is questioned whether renewable long-term audit mandates have an impact on the auditor's reporting behaviour and on auditor independence. This research is motivated by the lack of consensus in the literature on the impact of the length of the auditor client relationship on audit quality. Moreover, few empirical studies use publicly available secondary data in order to determine whether perceived threats to auditor independence actually compromise auditor independence. Therefore, our research methodology consists in the development of a logistic regression model in which the explanatory variables are measured using publicly available data. The results of the study suggest that long-term auditor client relationships significantly increase the likelihood of an unqualified opinion or significantly reduce the auditor's willingness to qualify audit reports. A significant difference was also found between the auditor's reporting behaviour in the first two years versus the last year of the audit mandate. Auditors are more willing to issue an unqualified audit report in the first two years of their official mandate than in the last year of their mandate. This could be an indication that the decision to renew the auditor's mandate is already taken and known to the auditor before he has issued his last audit report within his current mandate. The policy implications of these findings could be in favour of mandatory auditor rotation to maintain the value of an audit for the external users. However, given recent theoretic evidence on the adverse effects of mandatory auditor rotation, there is a need to develop alternative measures to safeguard auditors' independence.     

审计师行为选择与其独立性偏好关系分析

现行关于审计师行为实证研究中,大都基于审计意见类型推断审计师独立性,没有对审计意见类型为什么能代表审计师独立性进行分析和讨论,本文采用偏好、选择与效用经济学基础理论来进行分析和证明。通过逻辑分析、模型构建和推导发现,对审计意见类型的选择结构能够推断审计师对独立性的偏好关系,这种关系是基于审计师效用最大化做出的。     

CPA独立性缺陷与不足分析

审计独立性是审计的灵魂,既是审计人员的行为约束,也是审计人员的核心价值。审计独立性的缺失,会直接导致审计的风险加大,最终导致审计失败。本文从审计独立性的先天性缺陷和后天不足两个方面进行了分析,并进而提出建议供研究讨论。     

审计任期与审计独立性——持续经营审计意见的经验研究

以注册会计师是否因财务方面存在可能导致公司持续经营能力问题的事项或情况对上市公司出具持续经营审计意见作为审计独立性的衡量指标,分别从签字注册会计师任期与会计师事务所任期两个角度具体考察了审计任期与审计独立性之间的关系。结果发现,无论是注册会计师任期,还是事务所任期,审计任期越长,审计独立性就越低。这为我国已实施的签字注册会计师强制轮换政策的合理性提供了经验支持。     

审计师轮换类别与审计结果——基于“关系”的视角

审计师强制轮换制度能够从制度上对审计师独立性给予一定程度的保证,而社会关系的存在会对审计师的独立性产生影响,但同时也能够增加前后任审计师工作交接的效率。以2007—2019年签字审计师轮换为样本研究发现,同一事务所内签字审计师的变更会使得后任审计师出具清洁审计意见的可能性提升,后任审计师审计当年发生财务重述的可能性较低,且可操纵性应计利润较低。但是,后任审计师获取的审计费用并没有显著降低。与不同事务所之间的签字审计师轮换相比,同一事务所审计师轮换情况下,由于更易进行信息共享与沟通,后任审计师的审计质量更高,且与前任审计师审计质量相比,后任审计师审计质量有所提升。     

Non-audit services and auditor independence: some evidence from Ireland

This study reports the results of an investigation into the effects of the provision of non-audit services (NAS) on perceptions of auditor independence held within the Irish commercial environment, an environment not previously subject to a study of this nature. The methodology used in the study combined the use of a mail questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to allow both breadth of coverage and the opportunity to probe deeper into the nature of the perceptions held. The principal findings of the study were that perceptions of auditor independence were significantly diminished when NAS were provided to clients by personnel involved in the audit rather than by either a separate department within the audit firm or to non-audit clients only. The study highlighted that users of financial statements were willing to accept some reduction in auditor independence consequent upon the provision of NAS if this resulted in firms obtaining better or more cost-effective advice or if it resulted in a higher standard of audit. Analysis of the interviews provided further insights into the manner in which users of financial statements formed these perceptions and also suggested that, in the opinion of the interviewees, the small size and closeness of the Irish audit market acted to enhance rather than diminish audit independence.