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1.
William G. Moss 《Journal of urban economics》1977,4(4):408-427
The paper is a study in positive economics. Two- and three-sector models are used to determine the effects on urban land and housing markets of land use controls such as minimum lot size, maximum density, and maximum bulk requirements. The effects of these controls on rural-urban land conversion and on the effects of property taxes on urban land markets are also investigated. The land use requirements are found to accelerate rural-urban land conversion in some cases and affect the impact of property taxes on urban land and housing markets. 相似文献
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城市空间结构理论——单中心城市静态模型 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
首先介绍了在西方城市经济理论中被广泛接受的单中心城市空间结构静态模型。然后,利用比较静态分析方法(comparativestaticanalysis),分析区位、居民收入及交通费用(区位,居民收入及交通费用为模型的外生变量(exogenousvariable))对价格和房屋消费量(价格和房屋消费量为模型的内生变量(endogenousvariable))的影响。最后,理论模型通过引进一般住房生产函数,推导出土地价格及资本密度(即建筑高度)的空间变化规律。通过对城市经济模型进一步分析(对极值条件或解的微分解析分析)得出地价(地租),资本密度(或称容积率),人口密度的空间分布规律,这些规律对城市规划,城市政策,引进市场原则和价格机制来提高城市土地利用效率都有理论指导意义。 相似文献
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关于城市住宅集约化发展的初步思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章结合我国城市住宅建设和经营现状,就其如何在有限的城市建设用地中加强集约化发展,从城市住宅开发的档次结构、政府的一部分职责、集约化规划、存量盘活等四个方面进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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Toru Ohkawara 《Journal of urban economics》1985,18(3):338-349
The urban residential land rent function has been studied extensively in the field of urban economics, and the land rent function of Muth and Mills is considered to be one of the typical functional forms which is used in empirical studies. However, the model of Muth and Mills simply assumed the demand function for housing services to be a power function of income, which gives rise to a question. The main purpose of this paper is to derive an alternative form of the urban residential land rent function which is consistent with the utility maximization behavior of consumers and to discuss the estimation procedure of the derived land rent function. 相似文献
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Urban Industrial Land Redevelopment and Contamination Risk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examines the role of contamination risk on urban industrial redevelopment in the City of Chicago. The theoretical framework is the myopic optimal redevelopment rule which states that the redevelopment of an urban parcel will occur when the parcel's value through conversion to a new use, net of construction costs, exceeds the value of the same parcel continuing in its current use. Contamination liability is modeled as a land demolition cost that is capitalized into bid value. Assuming that the magnitude of this land demolition cost is a function of the a priori probability of contamination, the effects of contamination risk on land value and on the probability of redevelopment are estimated. 相似文献
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COMPOUNDING FINANCIAL REPRESSION WITH RIGID URBAN REGULATIONS: Lessons of the Korean Housing Market*
Bertrand Renaud 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》1989,1(1):3-22
This paper explores the interactions between financial and urban policies, and their joint impact on the performance of the housing sector during the course of economic development. The central hypothesis is that extended periods of financial repression and the scarcity of mortgage lending have generated significant distortions in the output of the Korean housing sector. In addition, combined with very restrictive urban planning and land use regulations, this financial situation may have led to under-investment in the urban sector of Korea during much of the past two decades. 相似文献
8.
Donald R. Haurin 《Journal of urban economics》1980,8(2):213-221
Spatial variations in income have not been adequately accounted for in urban density regressions. Estimating equations incorporating household income are derived in a monocentric urban model. The technique used also yields an estimate of the income elasticity of demand for housing, found to be less than one. 相似文献
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Bruce Bender 《Journal of urban economics》1981,9(1):80-84
Theoretical research has shown that urban housing density, defined as housing services per unit of land, is an increasing function of the price of housing services. However, this concept of density hides as well as provides information because housing services per unit of land equals the product of housing services per dwelling unit and dwelling units per unit of land. This paper proves that housing density, defined as dwelling units per unit of land, can vary either directly or inversely with the price of housing services. 相似文献
12.
Dennis A. Rondinelli 《American journal of economics and sociology》1990,49(3):257-270
A bstract . Conventional Shelter policies that focus on slum clearance, public housing, sites-and-Services, upgrading of core dwellings and government assisted self-help are inadequate to meet the growing needs of the urban poor in developing countries for low-cost housing. An examination is made of alternative options including cooperative housing programs and of policies that lower housing construction costs and encourage the participation of the urban poor, the informal sector, and private enterprise in low-cost shelter construction. Such policies include those that modify land use and building regulations , that increase the incomes of the poor so that they can afford privately constructed dwellings or the materials to build their own houses , and that increase the security of land occupation to encourage self-help activities. Governments in developing countries must give more attention to tailoring housing policies to the needs of the urban poor, to developing multiple modes of shelter provision, and to strengthening the housing finance system. 相似文献
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This paper extends the standard, urban, residential land-use model to analyze the effects of Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance. On the demand side, households are differentiated by income and tenure; on the supply side, the cost of housing is related to the asset prices of land and structure and the cost of capital. Hypothesizing that capital cost is a function of household tenure and income, tenure is chosen to minimize this cost. The effect of FHA, then, is to expand the housing consumption of moderate-middle income households, by reducing their capital cost, while displacing those whose cost is not reduced. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of urban economics》2013,73(2-3):147-159
Urban land use and transportation policies have dramatic effects on the density and spatial distribution of residences in large cities. Effects of these policies have been analyzed using numerical urban simulation models. At the same time, the US Energy Information Administration’s Residential Energy Consumption Survey has allowed researchers to investigate the relation between household energy consumption and characteristics of housing units.This paper links these two lines of inquiry by demonstrating how simulation results on the implications of land use and transportation policies for the spatial form of cities can be used to compute implications for energy consumption. The resulting Urban Energy Footprint Model, “UEFM,” allows one to trace the implications of a change in land use zoning or transportation policy through its effects on housing markets and residential location to the resulting changes in energy use for residential and commuting purposes – i.e. to understand the energy footprint of transportation, housing, and land use policies. Accordingly, the UEFM provides, perhaps for the first time, a link between urban and energy economics, and can allow measurement of rebound effects of energy policies in a more general equilibrium context. 相似文献
15.
采用灰色关联分析方法对安徽省2001~2006年间城镇居民收入和消费结构的关系进行了量化分析,得出了收入对各项消费支出的影响程度,从大到小依次是:居住、衣着、食品、文教娱乐、交通通讯、其他商品、医疗保健、家庭设备用品及服务。又运用灰色预测方法对2007~2011年间的收入水平和各项消费支出进行了预测,并且对预测值进行了灰色关联分析,得出了收入对各项消费支出的影响程度,从大到小依次是:医疗保健、衣着、交通通讯、食品、居住、文教娱乐、家庭设备、其他商品及服务。最后,针对消费结构的升级提出建议。 相似文献
16.
Jesse Rodenbiker 《International journal of urban and regional research》2020,44(4):691-710
Across contemporary China, city governments are unevenly territorializing peri-urban villagers’ land and housing by creating new urban ecological conservation sites. I analyze this emerging form of what I call ‘ecological territorialization’ through three interrelated spatial practices: comprehensive urban–rural planning, peri-urban ‘ecological migration’, and the distribution of institutional responsibility for conservation site financing, construction and management. Detailing this triad of territorializing practices renews attention to the relationship between conservation classifications that justify state intervention, uneven displacements of people from rural land and housing, and site-specific capitalizations that collectively consolidate urban government control over rural spaces. These practices emerge stochastically as state, private, and semi-state institutions capitalize on conservation projects in the context of legally and constitutionally underdefined land use rights and ecological land designations. In the current post-socialist moment of urban ‘greening’, these practices are key to producing frontiers of land-based accumulation and extending local state control across the peri-urban fringe. Urban ecological enclosures not only remake city-level state power but also shape rural people's relationships to land, labor and housing. 相似文献
17.
Zhi-Chun Li Ya-Juan Chen Ya-Dong Wang William H.K. Lam S.C. Wong 《Regional Science and Urban Economics》2013,43(6):927-937
This paper proposes an analytical urban system equilibrium model for optimizing the density of radial major roads in a two-dimensional monocentric city. The proposed model involves four types of agents: local authorities, property developers, households and household workers (i.e. commuters). The local authorities aim to maximize the total social welfare of the urban system by determining the optimal density of radial major roads in the city. The property developers seek to determine the intensity of their capital investment in the land market to maximize the net profit generated from the housing supply. The households choose residential locations that maximize their utility within a budget constraint, and the commuters choose the radial major roads that minimize their individual costs of travel between home and workplace. A heuristic solution procedure is developed to find the urban system equilibrium solution. A system optimum model is also proposed to optimize the density of radial major roads that maximizes the social welfare of the urban system. The proposed model can endogenously determine household residential distribution and land values across the city, along with the housing market structure in terms of housing prices and space. Numerical comparative static analyses of congestion pricing and road infrastructure investment (adding a new radial major road) are carried out together with evaluation of the effects of the service level of radial major roads, urban population size, and household income level on the urban economy. 相似文献
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This paper provides estimates of the structure of demand for individual housing and neighbourhood characteristics and for land in two British cities. We estimate a hedonic price function, and from this obtain the implicit prices of house attributes. These prices are used to estimate a demand system for each city. These perform well, and enable us to calculate price and income elasticities for each of the non-dichotomous characteristics and for land. To counteract criticisms of demand estimates derived within the hedonic framework a method is developed for selecting an appropriate set of instrumental variables. Estimates derived from this method, however, differ only slightly from those obtained using the conventional techniques. Several features of these estimates provide insights into the unusual characteristics of the British housing market, the effects of constraints imposed by land use planning, and the effects of changing income distribution on the structure of demand. 相似文献
20.
Historical simulations of urban residential growth in Baltimore and Houston based on a model of the growth process which has two distinct components are presented. The vintage component utilizes the growth of income and population, and an assumption that housing is putty-clay, to predict the age distribution of the housing stock in each period. The spatial component of the model determines where this housing construction will take place according to (1) housing is built on vacant land and (2) the pattern of construction obeys the rules of the standard monocentric models. Housing is demolished when economically obsolete. The putty-clay (vintage) aspect of the model produces fairly accurate city-wide vintage distributions, but there is much more mixing of vintages and income (in Baltimore) by location than predicted, even under monocentric assumptions most favorable to mixing. 相似文献