我国货币错配的测算及发展趋势分析

随着经济开放的广度和深度的进一步扩大,货币错配程度也不断累积．其对我国经济金融环境、货币政策的宏观调控都产生一定影响。在这一基础上,着重对我国货币错配的程度进行了测度和分析,并进一步指出了我国货币错配的发展趋势。     

我国货币错配的测算及发展趋势分析

随着经济开放的广度和深度的进一步扩大,货币错配程度也不断累积,其对我国经济金融环境、货币政策的宏观调控都产生一定影响.在这一基础上,着重对我国货币错配的程度进行了测度和分析,并进一步指出了我国货币错配的发展趋势.     

中国货币错配与汇率制度改革

在开放经济和经济全球化的背景下,货币错配是新兴市场国家普遍存在的问题。货币错配的大量积累会对整个经济造成严重的影响。文章探讨了新兴市场国家货币错配形成的国内因素和国外因素,为同样面临着长期货币错配问题的中国提供借鉴,同时探讨中国货币错配问题,最后从汇率制度改革角度提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国货币错配的成因研究

在对货币错配内涵和外延进行明确界定的基础上,分析了我国货币错配形成的特殊原因,并由此提出了我国货币错配防范和控制货币错配的政策建议。     

货币错配对我国货币政策影响的实证研究

货币错配是发展中国家普遍存在的现象,本文在对国内外相关文献进行梳理后,通过实证检验,发现货币错配在我国对M1产生的影响较为直接和迅速,对M2产生的影响较为持久,影响的程度也更大.冲击响应的正效应在经历了衰减和振荡后仍然保持在较高的位置,这说明货币错配对我国货币供应量的影响是长期的,协整检验结果揭示我国货币错配程度与货币供给量之间呈现较强的正相关性,这不仅削弱了央行的独立性,而且还可能导致以货币供应量为中介目标的货币政策的弱化甚至失灵,本文对加强审慎性监管提出了具体的建议.     

货币错配、汇率升值和经济波动

本文在考虑当前东亚各国普遍存在的资产型货币错配情况下,将Ber-nanke等(1999)模型推广到小国开放经济中,分析了由外生冲击导致的汇率升值影响经济的传导路径,以及这种影响程度所取决的因素。研究发现,当一个国家存在资产型货币错配时,汇率升值降低企业净值,并通过金融加速器机制提高企业的外部融资成本,进而影响企业的投资和产出。模型的数值模拟结果表明,升值导致的产出下降幅度与该国的货币错配程度和金融加速器效应直接相关。当该国货币错配程度较高,金融加速器效应显著时,外部冲击导致的升值可能使经济陷入流动性陷阱。     

浅析我国货币错配的程度及影响

货币错配是指在当前的国际货币体系之下，一国在对外的经济交往过程中不得不以美元、欧元等少数几种货币作为计值货币，由此而引发的其国际收支平衡表或是相关企业的资产负债表出现了币种之间的不匹配问题，它反映了一国汇率的变动对各经济量所带来的冲击。     

货币错配风险的管理

<正>自20世纪90年代初以来我国经济内部失衡日渐严重,主要特征就是"高储蓄、高投资、低消费"。按照一国"储蓄-投资=经常账户差额"的会计恒等式,我国经济内部失衡势必导致经济外部失衡,其主要特征就是持续的经常账户顺差和外汇储备的急剧增长。与此同时,由于我国是"非中心货币"国家,持续的经济外部失衡使我国积累了大量以美元计值的外部债权,因此存在比较严重的货币错配。而由于货币错配的存在,使得     

要素配置、收入差距与经济增长的实证研究

本文基于要素配置的动态性和路径选择性构建模型,测算无劳动力、资本错配下的收入差距,并且实证研究要素错配对收入差距与经济增长关系的影响。研究结果表明：与实际状态相比,无要素错配状态下地区间收入差距变小,意味着要素错配恶化了地区间收入差距;要素错配加剧收入差距对经济增长的阻碍作用,如2016年由于要素错配的存在,收入差距对经济增长的阻碍效应提高20.5%,且整体上引起经济增长缺口达到4.6%;较高的收入差距对人力资本、物质资本和人均消费均有显著的阻碍作用,而要素错配又加剧这种阻碍效应,提高对经济增长的负面效果。     

产业集聚的资源错配效应研究

研究目标：分析产业集聚对资源错配的影响效果。研究方法：通过错配指数计算划分错配类型、面板门槛回归确定集聚发展阶段、面板聚类区分错配程度,最后对不同分类情况进行面板固定效应和Tobit模型回归分析。研究发现：影响资源错配的因素非常复杂,既与错配本身的技术因素有关,也与产业的空间集聚因素有关。产业集聚能在大多数情况下对资源错配起到积极效果,而处于产业集聚成长期且资本配置不足劳动力配置过度的行业资源错配情况最严重。研究创新：从内涵型错配和集聚发展阶段的视角,多方面分类比较。研究价值：产业集聚的资源错配效应研究为行业补足发展短板,提高全要素生产率,从而提高经济增长的质量和效益提供了参考。     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.     

关于高校教学秘书工作的认识与思考

教学秘书在教学管理中起着举足轻重的作用,本文结合自己近6年从事教学秘书的工作实践和体会,阐述了高校教学秘书的工作职能和工作内容,提出了教学秘书应具备的素质,分析了日前教学秘书工作中存在的问题,探讨了教学秘书工作改进的方法与途径。     

Sister Communities: Rejecting Labels of Informality and Peripherality in Vanuatu

Some labels have dire consequences. This article takes issue with the labels commonly used to describe the physical and social location of communities living on the edge of Port Vila, Vanuatu—labels that position communities for eviction by entrenching tropes of informality and peripherality into how they are seen and represented. Such terms include informal, settlement, informal settlement, squatter and peri-urban. Based on interviews with around 100 people and two years of ethnographic engagement with urban communities in Port Vila, Vanuatu, I critique the language of policy against the lived experience of those at the urban edge. I use Bourdieu's articulation of power as an accumulation of symbolic capital that enables one to speak the world into being. I conclude that the language of policies and plans is reflective of a dominant discourse in urban studies and international aid, and non-reflective of the experience and identities of people living at the urban edge. My interviewees and interlocutors maintain their identities as sister communities—as places grounded in the formality of customary tenure, and as part of the city rather than outside it.     

BLOCOS URBANISM: Capitalism and Modularity in the Making of Contemporary Luanda

In this article we portray and unpack the fabric of urban expansion in contemporary Luanda. In doing so, we examine interdependencies and complementarities between the organization of oil extraction off the coast of Angola, the emergence of particular modalities of modernist city planning for the expansion of its capital city, and the proliferation of cement blocks in the making of new urban forms throughout its burgeoning peripheries. By showing how urban development has unfolded through the interconnected realization of multiple kinds of systematizing blocks—namely oil blocks, city blocks and cement blocks—we analyse key material components in the production of new markets and urban spaces in the Angolan capital. By tracing forms of capitalism and modularity in the making of contemporary Luanda, we develop the concept of blocos urbanism to draw attention to modes of standardization and the production of legibility in contemporary processes of urbanization. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the conceptual apparatus for deciphering our global urban condition.     

Different Manifestations of the Concept of Empowerment: The Politics of Urban Renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom

Over the course of the 1990s the concept of empowerment became firmly established within the vocabulary of urban politics in several different national contexts. This article analyzes the spread of this concept by looking at the politics of urban renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom. It shows that even if (and possibly because) the definition of empowerment remained vague, the turn to empowerment came out of and contributed to a shift in the nature of urban politics and to a reconfiguration of governmental methods, the role of the state and, consequently, to changes in civil society, all of which were associated with a rise to prominence of a neoliberal perspective.     

The Invisible Multipliers of Joint-products

This paper proposes a hybrid input-output model to estimate the intermediate requirements embodied in the final disposal--such as reclamation and incineration - of non-marketable scraps and wastes from industries or households. The model is based on a mixed technology assumption in order to connect the monetary distribution of the ordinary goods and services with the physical distribution of the scraps and wastes as joint-products. Moreover, some demand-pulled invisible multipliers, in terms of the scraps and wastes, have been explored by performing a numerical simulation. From the invisible multipliers, we find the paradoxical phenomenon that the reduction in the amount of final disposal and the promotion of material recycling decreases the intermediate demand of the scraps and wastes for material recycling if there is a time-lag in the introduction of the appropriate recycling technology.