Meta-organizing for open innovation under environmental and social pressures in the oil industry

Scholars have yet to address why and how open innovation model can be applied effectively within industries while diminishing its potential cost and challenges. In this paper, we extend open innovation model both theoretically and practically by identifying a) the boundary conditions that motivate firms within resource-based industries to apply the model and b) the approaches that have been implemented in practice in applying the model. In this multiple-case study, we explore why and how firms within the upstream Canadian oil industry have evolved to apply open innovation model over time to deal with the industry's challenges. First, our findings show that institutional forces, both normative and coercive—such as social and environmental pressures, were the primary drivers for adopting open innovation. Second, by building on the taxonomy of meta-organizations, we demonstrate that an industry-founded and not-for-profit innovation intermediary, as a meta-organization, is a necessary tool to address problems of adopting open innovation. We argue that the experiments of the upstream oil industry to develop a suitable organizational design for such innovation intermediaries suggest that a moderate level of stratification accompanying either close or open membership is the most suitable design. The findings from this study can be helpful to other industries, particularly other resource- based industries, which seek to effectively employ the open innovation model through innovation intermediaries.     

第三方物流企业选择的指标建立及模糊评价方法

随着近几年物流业的快速发展,企业决策者时物流外包的关注程度也越来越高.如何去选择可靠高效的物流企业来降低本企业的物流成本正成为人们探讨的热点.本文针对第三方物流企业的特点,构建了对第三方物流企业进行选择的评价指标体系,并介绍如何运用AHP及模糊评价组合方法对备选企业进行选择.     

Wage bargaining,productivity growth and long-run industry structure

This paper studies the innovation dynamics of an oligopolistic industry. The firms compete not only in the output market but also by engaging in productivity enhancing innovations to reduce labor costs. Rent sharing may generate productivity dependent wage differentials. Productivity growth creates intertemporal spillover effects, which affect the incentives for innovation at subsequent dates. Over time the industry equilibrium approaches a steady state. The paper characterizes the evolution of the industry's innovation behavior and its market structure on the adjustment path.     

基于第三方物流的我国物流业发展问题研究

从我国物流业的发展历程和面对的问题入手,指出第三方物流是我国物流业的发展方向,并提出了整合和创新的模式。     

乳品冷链物流外包运作的探讨

在介绍乳品冷链中两种不同核心的供应链模式的基础上,对乳品冷链外包运作中的外包动因和存在的风险进行了分析,进而探讨了第三方物流参与整合冷链物流的方式和意义,并总结出第三方物流资源整合的几种方式。     

新形势下第三方物流企业仓储服务创新问题的研究

首先分析了第三方物流仓储服务创新的内涵和运作模式,在此基础上对新形势下第三方物流企业仓储服务创新中存在的主要问题及其表现进行了分析,着重指出了仓储服务创新中存在的相关软硬件配套设施不健全、具体业务流程中操作风险的控制水平低和信用风险较高等问题,最后结合相关理论和国内外经营模式经验,提出了加强和改善第三方物流企业仓储服务创新水平和质量的建议和对策。     

生态系统视角下的物流产业集群创新体系研究--以天津市为例

首先基于生态学理论、产业集群技术创新理论,界定物流产业集群创新生态系统的内涵与特征,从产业核心层、技术核心层、辅助创新层和创新环境层构建物流产业集群创新生态系统结构模型,分析其创新协同进化机制;然后构建物流产业集群创新生态系统评价指标体系,应用熵值-TOPSIS方法对天津物流产业集群创新发展进行实证分析。研究发现:天津物流产业集群创新发展水平处于规模递增阶段,但存在规模效率过低、创新要素投入不足等问题;最后提出相应对策建议,对提升区域物流产业集群创新发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

学习国际经验优化物流管理

学习美日英等国的先进经验，发展我国现代物流。加强我国物流管理应采取如下举措：（1）政府重视，建立协调统一的管理制度，为物流产业发展营造良好的政策环境。（2）改变基础设施分散规划、投资的格局，注重新型物流基础设施的规划、建设和管理。（3）重视物流技术的研究和应用推广工作，加快物流人才的培养。（4）发展多样化的第三方物流和第四方物流企业。（5）加强物流行业协会组织的建设，发挥物流行业协会的积极作用。     

从康师傅·顶通看我国第三方物流的发展

文中通过剖析十几年前康师傅因外包无法取得预期效果而被迫成立顶通物流、到后期顶通物流独立出来并发展壮大的案例，从企业内外部环境、企业行业位置、市场分工与专业化等多个动态因素角度，探讨了外部环境和企业自身状况对企业物流外包选择的影响，认为该案例实际上折射了我国改革开放以来第三方物流发展的动态历程，物流内部化的交易成本和生产成本都相对上升，而物流外包组织方式的交易成本和生产成本却相对下降。     

Measurement of innovation efficiency in logistic enterprises: Evidence from China based on the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model approach

Continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, adjustment of the development strategy, and enhancement of operational performance are of great theoretical and practical significance for logistics enterprises. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the innovation efficiency of the logistics industry. The study utilizes the static three-stage DEA model and the dynamic Malmquist index model, considering a total of 12 indicators related to innovation input, output, and environmental variables. A dataset of 2940 entries from 49 listed logistics enterprises from 2017 to 2021 was calculated. The analysis provides insights into the innovation efficiency of logistics enterprises from a static perspective and the innovation total factor productivity from a dynamic perspective and decomposition terms. Based on the analysis of environmental variables by the SFA model, it was found that DEA inefficiency is the combined result of environmental factors and management inefficiency. Environmental variables have both positive and negative effects on innovation. The improvement of the economic development level will lead to excess R&D investment. Increased government simple fund subsidies are not conducive to the efficient allocation of innovation resources within enterprises. The expansion of enterprise scale will increase R&D personnel and investment in fixed assets. A thriving technology market can encourage enterprises to improve their own conversion rate of scientific and technological output and give full play to their innovation ability. The dynamic Malmquist model analysis reveals a recution in the overall innovation efficiency of listed logistics enterprises over 5 years. The changes in total factor productivity and technological progress efficiency of all listed logistics enterprises are synchronized, with most enterprises exhibiting higher technological progress efficiency compared to comprehensive technical efficiency. The total factor productivity of logistics enterprise innovation is mainly affected by comprehensive technical efficiency.     

第三方物流企业服务创新的动力分析

建立了物流企业服务创新模型，从外部轨道、行为者和物流联盟等外部动力和战略与管理、员工创新性和组织创新等内部动力两方面论述了物流服务创新的驱动因素。     

Assessing efficiency and innovation in the 3PL industry: an empirical analysis

ABSTRACT

The Third-party Logistics (3PL) industry is facing both important growth rates and increasing competitive pressure. 3PL providers are required to continuously sustain a more and more competitive cost structure (i.e. efficiency) and develop capabilities to improve their services (i.e. innovation); hence, the evaluation of these key success factors is considered a key issue. This paper develops a quantitative analysis of 71 Italian 3PL providers by using Data Envelopment Analysis to jointly assess efficiency and innovation. Furthermore, through a case study research, it corroborates the quantitative results by investigating the strategies of best-in-class companies. Results allowed identifying 13 3PL providers as efficiency leaders and 6 as leaders from both the efficiency and the innovation side. Their input composition indicates a diversification of the business models. A breakdown of the analysis by size and industry focus, along with empirical evidence on the strategies enhancing efficiency and innovation, is also provided.     

第四方物流在我国发展现状及对策研究

随着经济的全球化、信息技术的发展及竞争环境的迅速变化。对物流提出了新的要求．不仅要求物流在降低成本、提供便捷服务方面有所建树，还要求物流企业能够提供一整套的供应链解决方案，以提高企业的整体竞争力。在这种情况下第四方物流这一新兴的物流方式应运而生。文章首先对第四方物流在国内外的发展现状进行总结分析，发现第四方物流在国外已进入成熟阶段．而在国内还处于萌芽阶段。其次．从发展第三方物流、培养专业物流人才、改变企业经营策略以及转变政府职能等方面．提出了在我国发展第四方物流的对策和建议。     

餐饮行业冷链物流外包业务运作问题的研究

首先概述了餐饮行业冷链物流运作的基本目标和质量要求,接着分析了第三方物流对于餐饮业冷链物流外包业务运作的作用机制,指出了第三方物流专业化的冷链物流可以满足餐饮行业冷链物流对于食品原材料质量的严格要求、能够灵活地满足市场需要、有效地降低餐饮行业的终端产品价格以及有利于整合餐饮业资源实现规模化经营等,最后提出了餐饮行业冷链物流外包业务运作和管理的建议和对策。     

Efficiency evaluation of China's high-tech industry with a multi-activity network data envelopment analysis approach

This paper employs a Russell multi-activity network DEA model and divides the overall innovation process into the upstream Research and Development (R&D) process and the downstream commercialization process to appraise the innovation performance of China's high-tech industries from 2009 to 2013. This model can deal with the problems of intermediates, shared inputs and slack-based measure in a unified framework, and the result can provide policy makers with process-specific information on how to improve the innovation performance of China's high-tech industries. The main findings are presented as follows. First, the overall efficiency of China's high-tech industries still remains at a low level, which has its roots mainly in commercialization inefficiencies other than R&D inefficiencies. Second, for most provinces, their R&D efficiencies do not match up with their commercialization efficiencies. Finally, the innovative activities of China's high-tech industries should be driven by the market demand -oriented for the improvement of innovation efficiency.     

Interactive strategies in supply chains–a double-edged portfolio approach to small-and medium-sized subcontractors’ position analyses

China is concerned to improve the technical capability of its industry. It has chosen Science and Technology Industry Parks (STIPs) as the model for incubating its R&D capability and driving its hi-tech policy. Against this background, the authors examine two main issues. First, we review assessments of university science parks in the UK and a wider context extracted from the literature before examining specifically China's R&D intensity and hi-tech policy. Second, we examine the performance of hi-tech companies situated on STIPs and those located outside STIPs, comparing their success in commercializing technology. We pay particular attention to the role of entrepreneurship in this activity by those engaged in it. Our findings are based on secondary quantitative data and qualitative data collected by means of interviews and focus groups in the Beijing and Shanghai areas in March 2004. From our research it is clear that China lags behind OECD countries in its R&D capability and the technology transfer rate is low, hampering China's hi-tech potential, although China is achieving some success in hi-tech exports, notably of ICT goods. Furthermore, innovation capability, locational factors such as being located in a regional industry cluster (in or outside STIPs), guanxi and networking opportunities, entrepreneurial skills, including international business experience and access to more financial sources and capital for developing the business, are essential for commercializing technology effectively in China. The role of entrepreneurship is evident. However, it remains still underdeveloped in China's STIPs.     

Interrelationships between human capital,HRM and innovation in Belgian start-ups aiming at an innovation strategy

Research on the impact of human resource management (HRM) on firm performance has increased since the end of the nineties. Despite the pile of studies and results, critical assessments of this literature stream point to several empirical and theoretical gaps. We focus on two empirical gaps. First, there is a lack of attention to innovation as a measure of firm performance outcome. Most articles use financial (e.g., return on assets (ROA)), organisational (e.g., productivity) and employee related (e.g., commitment) performance measures. Yet, Western knowledge economies consider innovation to be a driving force of economic growth, and international competitive advantage. Moreover, innovation is a function of a firm's ability to create, manage and maintain knowledge. Because knowledge is created by and stored within individuals, human resources as well as HRM may play an important role as drivers of innovation. Second, HRM is considered to be a large company phenomenon. Yet, small businesses provide a great environment to study the HRM-performance relationship because of their transparent nature and the small distance between an individual's and a company's performance. Next, human resources and HRM are crucial to small businesses because they have less tolerance for inefficiency. We examine a sample of small start-ups that aim for an innovation strategy, but are not necessarily successful in terms of innovative output. We expect start-ups with superior human resources and HRM to produce more innovative output. The results show that both human capital (of owners/managers and employees) and HRM are important determinants of innovation in start-ups.     

刍议我国物流业的跨越式发展

阐述了国际物流业演化的一般过程,论证了我国物流业要追赶乃至超越先进国家,就需要充分发挥我国在物流业方面的后发优势,学习和模仿先进国家积累的经验和知识,主动调整我国物流产业政策,通过采取促进和推动第四方物流、整合和带动第三方物流的方式,最终实现我国物流业的跨越式发展。     

浅析我国第四方物流发展的成因及措施

我国物流产业的真正提升必须通过第四方物流来完成。第四方物流对整合社会资源、降低物流成本、提高物流效率具有极其重要的作用。文中从现实角度出发,分析了第四方物流发展的成因,在此基础上提出了我国发展第四方物流的措施。     

我国物流业全要素生产率的动态演化——基于DEA的Malmquist指数的实证分析

首先利用非参数的DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法对1995-2007年中国物流业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动进行测度,并对TFP指数进了分解。研究结果表明:(1)我国物流业生产率总体上处于增长趋势,并呈现先增长后下降再增长的特征;(2)技术进步是物流业生产率增长的关键因素,而技术效率是物流业生产率改善的瓶颈。