五里牌立交大桥桩基础溶洞处理技术

经过对洛湛铁路DIK47+794.93五里牌立交大桥3号墩桩基础溶洞处理,针对溶洞较发育地区桩基础设计施工特点,结合现场桩孔施工钻探情况,弄清桩位处地质和溶洞情况,调整设计和施工方法,既加快了施工进度,又确保了结构安全,同时也节约资金。     

岩溶地区桩基施工技术

本文介绍了溶洞桩基施工方法,并根据某大桥施工的实际情况,根据桩基溶洞的发育概况,通过对溶洞发育类型及施工技术的研究,针对性的对溶洞地区桥梁桩基遇到溶洞的具体情况采取投放抛填物、下放钢护筒或注浆等施工技术进行处理。     

城市浅埋小净距隧道悬臂掘进机开挖溶洞处理技术

孟北路隧道位于南京市栖霞区,为城市主干路,隧道围岩全部为Ⅴ级,隧道浅埋断面大、小净距、下穿铁塔、溶洞发育,溶洞填充物多为松散堆积体,隧道施工中溶洞处理不到位将对后续施工带来坍塌冒顶风险,受小净距影响后行洞施工安全。本文以孟北路隧道中夹岩溶洞处理为背景,结合城市悬臂掘进机开挖,重点论述了溶洞处理施工方法、施工安全性,为同类工程提供可借鉴经验。     

注浆法处理溶洞在地铁车站中的应用

注浆法主要用于溶洞和溶隙填充处理,深圳地铁16线某车站为地下一层两跨或多跨（局部范围地下二层）结构,侧式站台,下伏基岩为微风化灰岩、强全风化砂岩,岩溶发育类型主要为溶洞和溶隙,为确保地铁车站施工运营安全,需在主体施工前对溶洞溶隙进行注浆处理,结合溶洞情况做好注浆材料选择及合适的配比,布置好注浆孔位,确保注浆效果满足要求。本文通过对地铁车站施工,总结了施工前及过程中的注意事项、控制要点和施工后检测参数及结果。为后续处理溶洞施工及类似岩溶处理起到了一定的参考借鉴作用。     

浅谈隧道地下暗河及溶洞处理施工技术

本文介绍了三峡库区沿江公路米仓口隧道地下暗河及溶洞的处理施工技术。重点阐述了隧道地下暗河及溶洞施工处理方案,并详细的介绍了该施工处理方法的全过程。     

铁路桥梁钻孔灌注桩溶洞处理措施分析

随着我国铁路建设的高速发展，铁路桥梁建设是铁路建设的重要组成部分，桥梁桩基的快速施工是保证桥梁施工进度的基础，而桩基中存在的溶洞严重制约着桩基的施工进度。桥梁溶洞施工难度较大，施工进度缓慢，因此施工人员必须采取针对性处理措施，才能够加快施工进度，确保施工质量。本文以马岩锦江左线特大桥为例，对桩基中存在的溶洞处理措施进行了简要介绍，并有针对性的对钻孔灌注桩溶洞处理措施展开了探讨。     

浅谈某铁路隧道溶洞处理技术

溶洞为岩溶洞穴，是地表水和地下水对溶性岩层经过化学作用和机械破坏作用而形成的地下溶蚀现象。岩溶对隧道的影响主要表现为是结构物部分及全部悬空，大大降低隧道使用的可靠度．季节性的岩溶洞穴涌水，给隧道施工和体系带来不安全和不稳定因素。因此，制定合理、科学、有效的溶洞处理方案对隧道顺利穿越岩溶地段极为重要。论文根据某铁路隧道溶洞分布的具体情况，介绍了此溶洞处理方法，以期对溶洞处理的设计与施工有一定借鉴意义。     

浅谈贵广铁路高天隧道溶洞处理技术

溶洞为岩溶洞穴,是地表水和地下水对溶性岩层经过化学作用和机械破坏作用而形成的地下溶蚀现象。岩溶对隧道的影响主要表现为是结构物部分及全部悬空,大大降低隧道使用的可靠度;季节性的岩溶洞穴涌水,给隧道施工和体系带来不安全和不稳定因素。因此,制定合理、科学、有效的溶洞处理方案对隧道顺利穿越岩溶地段极为重要。文章根据贵广铁路隧道溶洞分布的具体情况,介绍了此溶洞处理方法,以期对溶洞处理的设计与施工有一定借鉴意义。     

浅谈贵广铁路高天隧道溶洞处理技术

溶洞为岩溶洞穴,是地表水和地下水对溶性岩层经过化学作用和机械破坏作用而形成的地下溶蚀现象。岩溶对隧道的影响主要表现为是结构物部分及全部悬空,大大降低隧道使用的可靠度;季节性的岩溶洞穴涌水,给隧道施工和体系带来不安全和不稳定因素。因此,制定合理、科学、有效的溶洞处理方案对隧道顺利穿越岩溶地段极为重要。文章根据贵广铁路隧道溶洞分布的具体情况,介绍了此溶洞处理方法,以期对溶洞处理的设计与施工有一定借鉴意义。     

浅析两种不良地质条件下人工挖孔桩成孔的处理

在不良地质条件下,广泛采用人工挖孔灌注桩施工技术,施工简便快捷。对存在溶洞或者地下水丰富等不良地质条件的地区,如采用人工挖孔桩,桩成孔施工时应采取相应的处理措施,本文对溶洞处理和地下水处理技术进行阐述。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.