消除建设疏漏的风险 保障人员财产的安全——公路运营管理有限公司管理体系审核案例

随着时间的不断推移,受审核企业已经不能简单地满足达到符合性的审核要求,而是要求获得"增值"的审核服务。这对审核人员的基本素养和专业能力提出了更高的期望,审核人员在审核中不仅要以管理知识让受审核企业信服,更需要专业知识基础上的技术能力,即专业加管理的审核。从而通过技术发现管理上的不足,反之透过管理发现技术上的差距。只有掌握专业知识和管理知识,才能更好地为受审核企业寻找改进的机会,促进受审核企业技     

内审在实验室质量管理体系运行中的作用

在体系文件建立和各类硬件完善的前提下,体系的正常运行更依赖于如何实施对实验室质量管理体系运行情况的监督和审核,而内部审核就是发现问题、及时纠正问题、赢得信誉、对未发生不符合结果的潜在性问题进行及时预防以进一步完善现有体系的有效途径,是实验室质量管理活动的重要内容。     

实验室须做好内审和管理评审

内部审核和管理评审是实验室的重要质量活动，是实验室改进质量管理的重要手段。为维护质量体系有效运行，不断完善和改进质量体系，实验室必须进行内部审核和管理评审。     

浅谈如何提高工程结算审核质量

工程结算审核的主要目的是通过核实、对比、查证等手段发现送审工程结算中不符合施工合同以及违反有关政策文件、现行计价取费标准、工程量计算规则的误差、虚报夸大、高估冒算,并予以纠正,从而有效的控制工程造价,规范工程造价管理.而要达到以上目的,必须要提高工程结算审核质量.本文阐述了要提高工程结算审核质量应从审核程序各工作环节着手.从收集与工程结算相关的竣工资料,踏勘现场,全面掌握工程实际情况,到工程结算审核过程中的质量控制,最后到工程结算审核后的质量控制.在总体及各实施步骤中做好相关工作,方能保证工程结算审核的质量,达到有效地控制工程造价的目的.简单论述了工程结算审核前和审核后的质量控制,重点分析了工程结算审核过程中的质量控制.在探讨如何提高工程结算审核质量的基础上,结合自己工作经验和体会,从多个环节提出了提高工程结算审核质量的措施.     

做个优秀的企业内审员

内部审核在ISO9001认证的质量管理体系审核中,又称为第一方审核,这是企业对自身的产品、过程、质量管理体系进行的审核.通过合理而完善的内部审核,可以判断企业的质量管理体系符合ISO9001的程度,在外部审核前及时发现和纠正不合格项,从而推动企业内部质量管理的改进,促进企业内部质量管理系统的完善与保持.此外,对于已通过ISO9001质量管理体系认证的企业而言,内部审核的目的还是一种不断通过发现问题来推动和实现质量体系的持续改进的重要手段,因此内部审核工作必须严谨务实,富有成效.     

浅论跟踪审核在工程中的作用

近年来，随着各种工程建设的投资不断加大，对工程管理的要求也越来越高，这也促进了审核部门对工程如何更全面地开展审核工作加深了思考。而工程的跟踪审核作为审核的一种方式，在实践中不断地发挥着重要的作用。     

提高质量管理体系审核有效性的思路和做法

企业质量管理体系对于现代企业的重要性不言而喻,一些企业管理高层也意识到企业质量管理体系的重要性,通过了企业质量管理体系的认证。部分企业忽视了企业质量管理体系审核工作的有效性,使得质量管理体系未能发挥功效和价值。为了充分解决企业质量管理体系中存在的问题,通过具体的措施完善质量管理体系的审核机制,保障质量管理体系审核的有效性,充分发挥质量管理体系在企业生产当中的积极作用,提升企业的管理效率。     

科研院所的质量管理体系认证

一、引言 ISO9000系列质量管理体系认证已在全世界得到广泛应用.各企业通过第三方审核,为顾客提供了质量保证.对于通过了质量管理体系认证的企业,说明该企业已建立了一个完整质量体系;能够有效控制企业生产过程的质量;当发生不合格品时能具有有效的纠正措施;同时具有发现潜在的质量问题、提出相应的预防措施能力;通过定期的内部质量审核和管理评审,以及外部质量审核达到持续的质量改进.     

工程造价预结算的审核及其质量控制

工程造价预结算是合理确定工程造价的必要程序及重要手段。为达到有效地控制工程造价的目的,实现项目目标的管理,在对其审核过程中根据实际需要,可以采用全面审核法、重点审核法、对比审核法对施工图工程量、定额和单价套用、费用计取进行审核。而要保证审核质量,一是审核人员要具有良好的职业道德与业务素质,二是要加强造价行业建设,三是要对工程造价进行全过程的管理与控制。     

内控鉴证与财务报告质量——兼论内控审计是否比内控审核更有效

利用沪深A股非金融类上市公司2007—2013年内控审计、审核报告数据，研究发现：经过内控鉴证的公司，财务报告质量显著高于未经内控鉴证的公司；经过内控审计的公司，财务报告质量显著高于经过内控审核的公司。这不仅证明内控鉴证能够提高企业财务报告的质量，而且说明内控审计比内控审核更有效地提升了财务报告质量，可见，我国内控规范体系以内控审计替代内控审核是必要且有效的。     

政府审计能提升国有企业经营效率吗?

如何提升国有企业经营效率是当前推动国企高质量发展的关键环节。基于2010—2018年审计署实施中央企业审计事件样本，采用多时点双重差分模型考察政府审计对国有企业经营效率的影响。研究发现，政府审计能够提升国有企业经营效率，分别通过抑制管理层短视发挥预防作用、提升信息披露质量发挥揭示作用以及抑制管理层违规发挥抵御作用三种机制，实现对国有企业经营效率的提升。进一步分析发现，政府审计与高质量社会审计之间存在替代关系，而与内部治理机制、企业信息环境之间存在互补关系。研究结论揭示了政府审计对助推国企高质量发展发挥的积极作用。     

低质量审计是审计师个人特质导致的特例吗？——基于“污点”签字注册会计师的研究

在签字注册会计师层面研究低质量审计的发生原因时发现:审计失败被发现前,与同所未受罚签字注册会计师相比,受到证监会处罚的签字注册会计师的审计质量持续较低;部分受罚签字注册会计师因事务所合并而被动进入质量控制较好的环境中,其审计质量较合并前有显著改善。这说明在相同质量控制体系下,低质量审计是由审计师个人特质导致的特例;而良好的质量控制有助于抑制"污点"签字注册会计师个人特质对审计质量的不利影响。     

政府审计对企业高质量发展的影响——基于审计署央企审计结果公告的实证分析

经济新常态的到来和新时代经济高质量发展目标的提出,对中央企业的经营发展提出了更高的要求。政府审计作为国家治理的重要组成部分,对央企上市公司的经营管理具有重大影响。以2010—2018年我国中央企业控股的全部上市公司为研究样本,实证检验政府审计对企业高质量发展的影响,结果表明:政府审计有利于促进企业高质量发展;公司治理在政府审计与企业高质量发展中具有中介效应。进一步研究发现,当企业发展质量较高时,政府审计对企业高质量发展的促进作用更强;政府审计力度越大,越有利于促进企业高质量发展。     

Auditor Industry Specialization,Political Economy and Earnings Quality: Some Cross‐Country Evidence

Using cross‐country data, we evaluate the impact of investor protection on the association between earnings quality and audits by industry specialists. Our findings show that the positive association between industry specialist auditors and earnings quality as documented in the literature is affected by the political electoral system, which reflects investor protection rights in a country. We document that audits by industry specialists are associated with higher earnings quality in countries with the proportional electoral system, reflecting weak investor protection. Our results also confirm Kwon et al.'s findings that overall there is a positive association between earnings quality and audits by industry specialists in countries with weak legal enforcement. Our findings, however, indicate that Kwon et al.'s results are valid only for countries with weak investor protection reflected by the proportional electoral system and not for countries with strong investor protection reflected by the majoritarian electoral system. These findings thus suggest that higher earnings quality of firms audited by industry specialists across countries can especially be expected when investor protection is low and legal enforcement is also weak. In addition, our research suggests that future cross‐country studies could explicitly consider the role of the political electoral system of a country in evaluating corporate governance, management and accounting issues.     

Market Implications of the Audit Quality and Auditor Switches: Evidence from China

Independent audits enhance the credibility of corporate financial reports and assist investors to make rational decisions in the capital market. Nonetheless, the utility of the auditing function depends upon the quality of audits, which is determined by the independence and expertise of auditors. Hence, auditor choice and switch will not only affect an audit's quality, but will also influence decisions made by investors and other market participants. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how investors respond to the quality of audits and auditor switches in the Chinese context. Empirical results show that the quality of an audit and switching to a larger auditor have a positive (negative) impact on earnings response coefficients (ERCs) for firms with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. In contrast, switching to a smaller auditor has a negative (positive) impact on ERCs for firms with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. These results suggest that large auditing firms (Top 10) in China are perceived as more effective for curbing income-increased earnings management, which leads to higher (lower) ERCs for clients with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. Firms' switching to a larger auditor may signal high-quality earnings. Therefore, investors more often increase stock prices when firms have positive abnormal earnings and less often depreciate prices for negative abnormal earnings. Similarly, switching to a smaller auditor may signal lower earning quality, resulting in opposite market responses. In general, the empirical evidence suggests that audit information is valued by the capital market in China. Large auditing firms have been able to product-differentiate themselves within the Chinese stock market.     

试论如何有效控制烟草惠农工程风险

烟草惠农工程建设点多面广,建设环境复杂,建设管理风险非常大,容易出现工程变更量大,工程量不实,工程质量不好,建设过程不规范,建设资金严重超预算等违规现象。工程的特点对廉政风险防控提出了新的要求,通过对关键环节、重要节点实施跟踪审计,进一步完善监管体系,切实抓好严管理、促规范、强素质各项工作落实,提升烟草惠农工程建设规范水平。     

Changing the Institutional Framework of Statutory Audit: Internal Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Associated Benefit and Costs

This paper analyses the expected benefits and costs associated with changes to the institutional framework of statutory audits. We focus on five changes: Mandatory external audit firm rotation, auditor appointment by an independent regulator, a general ban on providing non-audit services, a ban on providing non-audit services to audit clients, and mandatory joint audits. We survey supervisory board members and management representatives from German companies to analyse how these changes affect the following beneficial attributes: Client-specific expertise and knowledge, general professional competence and expertise, independence and professional scepticism, and reputation. Our results show that none of the proposed changes is expected to increase the benefit of audits. A ban on non-audit services to audit clients is perceived to have the least disadvantageous effect, followed by a general ban on non-audit services, mandatory external audit firm rotation, appointment by an independent regulator, and mandatory joint audits. Although all changes are expected to increase auditor independence and professional scepticism, this increase is offset by a decrease in other beneficial attributes, particularly client-specific expertise and knowledge. Compared to supervisory board members, management representatives anticipate significantly larger decreases in the benefit of audits and significantly larger increases in costs.     

人力资源管理审计中的计量技术

人力资源审计在我国还是一个比较新的概念,是针对公司内部人力资源管理的政策、制度、执行程序、操作流程和人力资源信息运用方面的全面稽核,以保证公司政策确实得到有效执行,并且无偏差。在这个过程中,审计的方法和技术直接影响到审计结果的准确性,因此主要介绍了人力资源审计计量技术:数据收集技术和数据分析技术。     

建筑工程造价预结算审核工作要点分析

在建设项目的设计和施工中,对建设项目实施预结算审核对整个建设过程有很大的影响.确保建设工程造价预结算审核的有效性,不仅可以保证工程按期完工,而且在一定程度上保证了建设工程的施工质量.在现代建设工程造价管理流程中,必须认真进行预结算审核管理工作,并仔细审核全部现代建设工程的预核算内容.基于此,本文首先阐述了建设项目工程造...     

Problem identification method in certified quality management systems

The paper presents some assumptions of the problem identification method in certified quality management systems in which the results obtained by the third party audits find their application. The procedure of collecting and processing the information was defined. The method was tested in practice upon 270 and 892 organizations—the clients of two international certification bodies which have the largest contribution in the process of quality management systems certification in Poland. The results obtained during the testing procedure were presented with special attention paid to the possibilities of investigating both general and specific problems of the selected groups of organizations. An exemplary table of results and the analysis of their application for problem assessment in the systems were presented. Wide range of applications of the method was discussed. The method being considered as universal could find numerous applications in a variety of cases in Poland. Problem identification procedure could feature both quality and quantity approach. The method presented provides information which have been analyzed for its accuracy and objectivity. The method was then compared with other problem identification methods used at present.