合芜蚌自主创新试验区知识共享的博弈机制

合芜蚌自主创新试验区知识共享是一群体行为,包括企业、高校及科研机构、地方政府等多个主体,因此知识共享的博弈关系主要包括企业与企业、企业与高校或科研机构、企业与当地政府及地方政府与地方政府四大类。是否进行知识共享及共享到何种程度,取决于各主体对于利益的权衡。     

襄阳市校地科技信息共享平台的构建

文章介绍了基于TRS构建襄阳市高校、政府、科研机构和企业的信息资源共享平台,主要阐述了平台的模块结构及实现的功能,为构建具有襄阳地方特色的校地科技信息协同发展的模式提供借鉴。     

促进河北省高新技术产业开发区区域创新网络发展的制度研究

<正>高新区内通常有五大行为主体:政府、企业、中介机构、科研机构、大学。我国的大多数高新区都属于政府规划的产物,政府划定区域,招商引资,进行基础设施建设,制定制度框架。高新技术企业是高新区的主体,这些企业或者通过自有资金及融资的方式进行自主研发,或者通过与科研机构、相关企业及高校进行合作研发。大学为高新区内的企业提供人力资源、为企业提供技术支持或者与企业进行合作研发。科研机构为高新技术企业提供科研支持或者与企业进行合作开发。中介机构为高新技术企业提供包括会计、咨询、法律、中介、融资等     

国家高新区创新主体结构及运行机理研究

高新区创新主体主要包括政府、企业、高校和科研机构及中介机构。创新的内容(功能要素)为制度创新、管理创新、技术创新和服务创新。通过投入产出关系在创新主体与创新内容之间进行转化,由此构成"双四"网络结构模型。依托主体的市场导向与竞争效应、创新联结与技术倾向、价值网络与协调效应的运行机理,建立主体间产学研合作的点对点、点对链和网络创新模式。     

虚拟技术创新下的财务管理创新

虚拟技术创新就是技术创新过程的虚拟化,是企业以市场机遇或前景确定技术创新方向,以先进的信息技术和发达的通讯手段为支撑,把技术创新的过程交由高校、科研机构、企业等不同的创新主体来完成,通过各创新主体的合作及内外部资源的整合来完成产品或项目的设计、开发的一种创新模式。这种模式打破了科研机构、企业等创新主体原有的分割,使之走向联合,并突破了原有体制的障碍。企业与其他创新主体之间保持密切联系,随时掌握技术创新的动态,充分利用创新主体之间共享的资源,把自己不擅长的创新环节(或因成本考虑)通过与其他主体的合作来完成。…     

基于管理创新的企业隐性知识共享与转移

隐性知识是知识管理的主要对象,企业隐性知识的共享与转移是提高企业核心竞争力的关键.隐性知识的特性、知识共享与转移主体的多层次性以及企业的环境共同构成了隐性知识共享与转移的障碍.要消除隐性知识共享与转移的障碍需要管理创新.     

基于网络治理视角的地方政府购买公共服务研究

本研究将合作博弈引入地方政府购买公共服务研究中,分析地方政府、企业及第三部门各自的目标函数和博弈资源,构建地方政府网络治理主体合作博弈模型。研究表明:各治理主体通过合作可以实现资源互补与共享,获得合作收益,各主体基于各自目标函数追求自身利益最大化的冲动引致了博弈,并在博弈的过程中表现出利益二元化的特征,在权衡自身利益、合作收益以及社会公共利益后不断调整策略;为确保良好的治理效果,提出从监督、信任、利益分配、信息披露与共享四个方面规范治理主体的行为。     

战略性新兴产业共性技术协同创新的演化博弈——三重螺旋视阈下的研究

为了更好地促进战略性新兴产业的发展,弥补共性技术创新主体的缺乏,构建涵盖政府、企业、高校(科研机构)参与的、能够实现创新资源最大整合和优化的三重螺旋协同创新系统便成为理想的选择。在这一框架下,本文应用演化博弈理论,分析了有限理性下政府、企业和高校(科研机构)之间的博弈行为,探讨演化路径、稳定均衡策略及其影响因素的作用机理。结果表明:政府的激励和监督以及共性技术创新的超额收益、总成本和溢出效应等因素直接影响协同创新的概率,且存在最优的收益与成本分配比例使协同创新的概率最大化。因此,应该充分发挥政府的主导作用,并建立有效的企业和高校(科研机构)的协同机制,以便有效地促进协同创新系统向帕累托最优方向演化。     

基于多Agent的国家地方联合科技创新平台研究

本文在多Agent理论的基础上,构建了政府、企业、科研机构和中介机构"四位一体"的创新平台,分析了国家地方联合科技创新平台各主体之间的相互影响,以便有效协调创新平台各主体之间的关系。     

企业知识共享中的博弈关系

有效的知识共享机制必须考虑知识共享过程中各方主体的利益关系.本文分析了企业知识共享中存在的四种博弈关系,为企业制定知识共享方案提供参考依据.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.