采用预防性维修的产品保证成本模型研究

当前许多企业通过延长产品保证时间吸引用户购买自己的产品，这样对产品售后保证成本产生影响。企业可采用预防性维修方式降低故障率、控制产品售后保证成本。本文针对不同预防性维修措施推算出产品售后保证成本，为企业采用最佳的产品保证策略提供决策依据。     

政府采购成本分析

一、政府采购成本的构成(一)采购成本。政府采购过程中所产生的采购成本是采购货物、工程和服务的价格。一般来说,政府采购成本与投标人的投标成本密切相关,它包含产品的生产成本、市场费用、相关税金、交易成本、制造商售后保修维修费用(在政府采购成本中,售后保修维修费用至关重要)、制造商及经销商的利润等等。实行政府集中采购制度,运用公开招投标方式引入价格竞争机制,在降低政府采购成本上取得了很大成效。通过对投标人的投标价格进行成本分析,投标人投标价格中产品的生产成本、市场费用、相关税金在一定时间、一定程度上是稳定的,降…     

家电售后服务包修≠保修

消费者买家电时,企业作出了终身免费保修承诺,真等到维修时却收到了更换零部件及维修人工费用的清单,企业解释说因为保修并非包修。生活中因“包”与“保”一字之差引起的纠纷时常发生。《消费者权益保护法》规定,对国家规定或者经营者与消费者约定包修、包换、包退的商品,经营者应当负责修理、更换或者退货。在保修期内两次修理仍不能正常使用的,应负责更换或者退货。这里“包修”和“保修”显然内涵不同。“包修”的含义是在包修期内无须消费者支付任何费用的维修。在“三包”期内,一定是包修。对于“保修”,从法律角     

保修期内产品的维修有时间规定吗?

编辑同志:我于1997年11月购买一台影碟机,随货同行的保修卡标明保修期一年。这台影碟机于1998年5月出现故障,我立即送回商店维修。近二个月的时间,催问10多次,商店一直以送厂反修未回推托,也未明确答复何时能修好。请问编辑同志:象这种保修期内产品的维修时间是否有限制?若是因维修时间过长,致使产品从商店售出时算起已经过保修期,而实际使用时间未到保修时间,即产品因维修占用了部分保修时间,若产品再次出     

手机保修谁说了算

[案情] 2004年4月7日,原告吴某在被告李某经营的福建省漳平市某经营部购买手机一部.2005年1月24日,原告吴某以手机在正常使用中,出现显示屏无显示、听筒无声音为由将手机交给被告保修.2005年2月20日,该品牌手机福州维修保修中心在<报价手机处理协议>中注明该手机属进液腐蚀,维修费用130元.     

家电延保，看上去很美

购买的家电突然出现问题，而此时又刚好过了保修期。脱保后的电器找谁负责维修埋单？一些品牌家电。到了维修时已没有相同产品生产，没有相应的配件，这种情况下的维修又该找谁……诸多问题摆在家电商面前的时候。延保（延长保修）服务产生了。     

浅谈连续运行型企业电气设备的预防性维护的可行性研究

目前企业为了追求产值最大化而连续运行，设备电气的预防性维修是一种适合在相对固定的时间内不间断运行型企业的维修方式，它能有效的减少设备故障促进电气设备故障诊断和快速修复，节约维修费用和维修时间。现以常见设备故障出发，结合现工作的相应技术，来介绍设备电气的预防性维修。     

防不胜防IT产品保修陷阱揭密

陷阱一:保修承诺语义不明 如有的公司保修条款中写明"三年质保、五年质保、全国联保、终身维修"等之类的承诺,真无法让人放心.在保修一词上基本有三种说法:质保、包修、保修,根据中文字义的理解,这三者肯定是不一样的.事实上,"质保"是指商品的品质保证,主要是指如果商品出现问题,商家负责提供修复的服务,但是否需要付费,并没有说明.如果在商家保修合同中仅规定某产品享有多少年质保服务,则要注意了,这很可能就是商家事先准备好的一个深深的陷阱,因为一般用户的习惯理解就是免费保修.     

取料机控制缆信号传输无线改造

黄骅港取料机控制信号的传输方式通过电缆卷筒拖动控制电缆的方式,由于取料机作业量大,行走频繁致使控制电缆出现损坏,故障率高,维修费用和备件费用投入较多的实际问题。将控制信号通过无线模块进行传输,运行可靠,免维护,节省维修和备件费用,有效地保证了设备运行安全可靠,提高了生产效率。     

斗轮机无线控制系统改造

景德镇发电厂两台斗轮机控制信号的传输方式是通过电缆卷筒拖动扁平控制电缆的方式。斗轮机堆、取料作业量大,行走及回转频率较高,扁平控制电缆由于在地面拖动且频繁受力加上环境恶劣、运行老化,卷缆中的控制信号非常不稳定,电缆受损甚至被拉断的情况频繁发生。斗轮机故障率高,维修费用和备件费用投入较大等问题一直困扰着我们。将控制信号有线传输改为无线传输,运行可靠,可免维护、节省维修和备件费用,极大地提高了设备可靠性和工作效率。     

Usage Heterogeneity and Extended Warranties

The role of product warranty in segmentation of consumer durable product markets is highlighted. I demonstrate that consumer moral hazard and heterogeneity in product usage create variation in the valuation of product warranties by the different segments in the market. In this context, the firm, by offering a self-selecting menu of base warranty and extended warranties, satisfies the warranty demands of the various segments of the population. The consumer choice behavior prediction of the theory with regard to extended warranty is empirically validated with data from a survey of new car buyers.     

Overcoming the Negative Product Quality Image of Manufacturers in Emerging Economies

Abstract

Companies from emerging economies often suffer from perceptions of negative quality for their products. This study investigates, using an experimental design, how manufacturers in emerging countries can make use of warranty strategies to overcome their negative product quality image. Contrary to what is proposed in the warranty literature, our study shows that the use of better warranties for products designed and manufactured by firms in the emerging countries does not improve their product quality image. This is because of the “too good to be true” suspicion by consumers. Strategic alliances with firms in developed countries to produce hybrid products also may not be effective in overcoming the poor quality image for firms in emerging countries. A comprehensive warranty package such as providing full repair and replacement of parts is also effective in altering consumers' trepidation of hybrid products originating from countries of low repute. Implications for strategic alliances between firms in the developed and emerging economies are discussed.     

Warranties as a device to extract rent from low‐risk users of a product

We develop a simple model that provides a new rationale for why a monopolist should bundle its product with a warranty even when all parties are risk neutral. In our model, a risk‐neutral monopolist faces two types of risk‐neutral consumers—low‐risk users that are unlikely to cause product failure and high‐risk users that are more likely to cause product failure. We find that when the firm fails to provide a warranty, a low‐risk user acquires a strictly positive rent by pretending to be a high‐risk user and receiving a price discount. By imposing a warranty, however, the monopolist can increase the price to high‐risk users, which in turn removes the incentive for a low‐risk user to pretend to be a high‐risk user, and the firm successfully extracts rent from the low‐risk user. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于分段-模糊PID策略的化工企业低成本自控系统

针对当前中小型化工企业自动化水平低、安全联锁不完善等现状,提出一种符合化工行业特点的低成本自动控制策略,采用传统控制与智能控制相结合的方式实现温度及流量闭环控制。该控制策略能有效满足生产自动化需求、改善温度闭环的控制效果,提高产品质量与生产效率。     

基于产品生命周期的动态维护研究

文章以产品生命周期为主线,诠释了产品的动态性和动态维护的必要性。通过整个产品生命周期的特点,结合绿色设计理念的方法和要求,提出了如何进行产品动态维护计划。其研究结果对提高产品竞争优势,增强产品的可持续性具有实践意义。     

Reliability parameters estimation for parallel systems under imperfect repair

We consider in this paper a parallel system consisting of \(\eta \) identical components. Each component works independently of the others and has a Weibull distributed inter-failure time. When the system fails, we assume that the repair maintenance is imperfect according to the Arithmetic Reduction of Age models (\(ARA_{m}\)) proposed by Doyen and Gaudoin. The purpose of this paper is to generate a simulated failure data of the whole system in order to forecast the behavior of the failure process. Besides, we estimate the maintenance efficiency and the reliability parameters of an imperfect repair following \(ARA_{m}\) models using maximum likelihood estimation method. Our method is tested with several data sets available from related sources. The real data set corresponds to the time between failures of a compressor which is tested by Likelihood Ratio Test (LR). An analysis of the importance and the effect of the memory order of imperfect repair classes (\(ARA_{m}\)) will be discussed using LR test.     

Supply chain decisions and coordination in the presence of an imperfect spot market

This study considers a supply chain consisting of a commodity supplier and a final product manufacturer with uncertain demand. In addition to purchasing from the supplier through a forward contract, the manufacturer can adjust their inventory by trading the commodity in an online spot market after observing the actual demand. However, the spot market is imperfect in that transactions cannot be certainly realized and come with additional transaction costs. Furthermore, the spot price is volatile such that overly relying on the spot market is unwise. To investigate how the spot market affects the decisions and coordination in a supply chain, we develop a game-theoretical model incorporating spot trading. We derive the optimal ordering decision in a centralized supply chain, as well as the supplier's and manufacturer's equilibrium pricing and ordering decisions in a decentralized supply chain. The impact of the imperfect spot market on the optimal decisions and profits is analyzed. This study also demonstrates how the supply chain can be coordinated in the presence of an imperfect spot market. Finally, a numerical analysis is performed to examine the analytical results. Our results indicate that the spot market can generally improve the performance of the centralized supply chain and benefit the manufacturer in the decentralized one. However, it can be detrimental to the supplier. The supply chain can be coordinated by a revenue-sharing contract, and both parties' profits can be improved. Our findings suggest that the manufacturer could take advantage of the spot market, and the supplier should attempt to integrate or coordinate the supply chain to share the benefits of spot trading.     

Contractual structures and consumer misperceptions

We analyze how firms can design contracts to strategically induce consumer misperceptions. A fraction of consumers is naive and underestimates the costs of claiming a warranty payment in the event of product breakdown. This leads to an inference error that makes consumers prone to overpredict product quality, which a firm can profitably exploit. The channel persists under different market structures and can reduce the quality provision to sophisticated consumers. We argue that our results apply more generally to cases in which consumers are inattentive or illiterate with respect to contract fine print, and provide supporting evidence from TV infomercials.     

新李嘉图模型:古典定律的当代复兴与拓展构想

新李嘉图模型研究的兴起推动了生产率核心范式重返比较优势问题讨论的视野。然而,当代生产率承载比较优势的新机理,却受到非完全竞争因素和要素禀赋结构异质性及动态化的双重影响。本文一方面探讨开发完全竞争假设改变后新李嘉图模型构造的新古典化处理的技术路径,改进基于产品品种考虑的生产率测度方法;另一方面,鉴于经典的C-D生产函数及其衍生模型难以准确反映开放经济中要素禀赋结构异质性及动态化的现实,借助对Uzawa两部门模型的讨论,建立用来表达要素密集性异质分布和动态变化的影响参数,设定面向经典生产函数的一阶约束条件,首次实现Rybczynski效应的可计算模型化及其同经典生产函数的整合。     

基于农产品物流的质量管理研究

本文从农产品物流的现状分析,结合信息技术的发展状况,指出农产品物流中的不足之处在于物流主体发展的不完善、设施技术的落后、安全意识淡薄,以及相应指标体系的缺失等;最后探讨了改善农产品物流,保障农产品配送质量的思路。