美国上市财险公司的承保风险及其启示

上市财险公司的承保过程隐含着诸多风险,给上市财险公司的健康发展带来隐患。本文以美国20家上市财险公司为研究对象,从承保业务波动风险和承保业绩波动风险两个方面,系统研究了上市财险公司的承保风险,阐述了研究美国上市财险公司承保风险对我国上市财险公司发展的借鉴意义。     

我国寿险公司范围经济效应的实证研究

我国自1996年实施产寿分业经营以来,人身保险业务快速增长,寿险公司数量急剧增加,寿险公司业务中新型寿险的比重不断上升,呈现出"一险独大"的市场状况。运用超越对数成本函数,对国内29家具有代表性的寿险公司2005-2010年期间的范围经济状况进行检验的结果显示:不同规模和背景的寿险公司的范围经济系数均比较明显,但是很多寿险公司所表现出来的范围经济性具有"欺骗性"。因此,寿险业务结构调整缺乏内部的市场激励,需要强有力的外部力量推动。     

财产保险公司人力资源竞争力评价

保险公司人力资源竞争力是指保险公司在人力资源占有和使用方面所具备的优势，可从规模、素质和创利能力等方面进行评价。内资财险公司人力资源规模远远大于外资财险公司；新兴财险公司需通过吸引和培养等途径达到有效人力资源规模。外资财险公司员工平均学历比较高，内资财险公司员工在经验和技能积累方面具有优势。外资财险公司人均保费收入和人均承保利润普遍高于内资财险公司。以可获得数据为基础，对各财险公司人力资源竞争力进行了综合排名。     

中国证券公司多元化经营的范围经济效应研究

本文利用广义超越对数函数考察了2006年～2011年国内证券公司业务多元化经营的范围经济效应.实证结果表明,劳动投入和实物资本投入对证券公司的经营成本影响较大,经纪业务产出存在规模报酬递增和递减的两重性.国内证券公司业务经营存在范围经济,且大型证券公司的范围经济效应比中小型证券公司高,国有证券公司的范围经济效应大于非国有证券公司的.     

中国外资财险企业市场竞争力问题研究

为衡量入世后在中国的外资财险企业的竞争力情况,本文借鉴经典产业组织理论的SCP范式和数据包络分析方法,运用2004-2011年的相关数据,以中国财险业市场结构和生产效率的变化情况为基础,总结其他学者参数设计的利弊,经实证研究发现当前中国财险业市场结构正由寡头垄断型向垄断竞争型优化；财险业尽管实现了全要素生产率连年净增长,但该指标的变化趋势是向下的,而外资公司整体上无论是追赶效应还是前沿面移动效应都优于中资公司,中资仅剩下规模上先占的相对优势.     

税制改革与公司投资价值相关性

本文以我国2009年增值税转型为基础,结合2008年公司所得税税制改革,检验了增值税转型过程中公司投资决策的价值相关性变化趋势。研究结果表明,增值税转型对投资价值相关性的影响,存在投资补贴的正面效应和所得税负面效应。实证结果发现,2009年的增值税转型中,公司投资补贴的正面效应大于所得税负面效应,这在整体上增加了公司投资价值相关性;而且所得税税率越低,增值税转型对投资价值相关性的促进作用越大。因此,我国的税制改革在整体上提高了资本市场的资源配置效率。本文的研究结果为深入分析我国当前税制改革的作用,提供了重要的理论依据。     

我国财险公司经营管理效率现状及对策分析

效率是提升财险公司经营管理水平,进而形成企业核心竞争力的重要因素,而这正是我国多数财险公司在发展过程中所忽略的问题。因此,分析我国财险公司在经营管理过程中存在的"无效率"现状,进而探索提升财险公司经营管理效率的对策具有很强的现实意义。     

中国产险公司的投资业务对经营效率的影响研究

文章主要研究了财产保险公司发展“非传统”的投资业务对经营效率的影响。文章首先通过一个理论模型来说明产险公司的投资功能如何与风险汇聚和损失补偿功能相联系并影响公司经营成果,然后利用2009－2013年中国44家产险公司的面板数据进行了实证分析。研究发现：由于存在范围经济和交叉补贴效应,发展投资业务显著正向影响了产险公司的成本效率;而由于投资收益率不高且投资比例受限,发展投资业务对利润效率的影响方向不确定且效应不显著。这些结论在分样本回归中以及控制了规模变量可能的内生性和非线性效应后仍成立。文章建议监管层逐步放弃投资比例等硬性指标,而更多地关注资本监管和偿付能力监管,提高监管的灵活性。     

我国寿险公司规模经济效应的实证研究

运用超越对数成本函数,对2005—2010年我国30家具有代表性的寿险公司的规模经济状况进行了检验。实证结果表明:无论企业规模如何,中资寿险公司均表现出具有一定的规模经济效应,并且其经营历史越长、规模越大,其规模经济效应越强;部分合资及外资寿险公司表现出具有微弱的规模经济性,其他合资及外资寿险公司则表现出具有明显的规模不经济性。     

国际比较视角下我国财险市场增长趋势研究

本文通过构建面板数据模型,选取2000~2013年的样本数据,实证检验了全球70个国家8个组别和中国31个省市区4个组别的财险市场增长情况。实证结果发现:随着经济水平的提高,全球财险市场增长弹性呈现出V型趋势,这是财险需求和供给博弈的结果。中国财险市场增长情况好于全球同经济水平地区,增长弹性走势与全球V型趋势基本相同,呈现下滑态势。另外,金融市场发展程度和通货膨胀因素对财险市场增长影响在不同经济水平地区的结果并不一致。中国财险市场需进行结构性调整,特别是在市场建设和竞争模式等方面需有新的突破。     

Estimation of scale and scope economies in multiproduct banking: evidence from the Fourier flexible functional form with panel data

An empirical study is conducted on scale and scope economies for Taiwan's banking industry with panel data using a Fourier flexible cost function developed by Gallant and a translog cost function, both of which take economic efficiency into account. It is found that the Fourier form is more appropriate than the traditional translog form in fitting the data, and that various efficiency measures computed using the Fourier function are compatible with each other, while those computed using the translog function are not. The Fourier evidence shows that sample banks continue to enjoy economies of scale, and exhibit scope diseconomies, which indicates that greater product diversification can reduce banking costs through product-mix economies. Banks may benefit from further diversifying their line of financial services.     

我国商业银行跨业经营保险的风险收益状况研究——基于模拟合并法视角

商业银行跨业经营保险在理论上具有规模经济效应、范围经济效应和协同效应,但也可能带来经营风险的增加。采取模拟合并法,利用2005～2009年的数据对我国商业银行跨业经营保险的风险收益状况进行实证分析,结果表明:银行跨业经营保险具有风险分散效果,且一定比例的产险业务对于银行跨业经营保险达到最佳效果是必需的,建议通过对保险业务资产比重进行限制来防止银行因追求收益而增加自身的风险。     

Efficiency and regulation in the case of the Swiss Private Railways

This paper discusses the efficiency of the Swiss Private Railways in an economic and regulatory context. For this purpose, scale efficiency and overall cost efficiency for 48 Swiss private railway companies are investigated. A translog cost function for a four-year panel is estimated and measures of economies of scale and density are derived. A compound indicator for network size and structure is introduced. The estimation results allow for a discussion of efficiency in terms of optimal scale and density. Overall cost efficiency is estimated by means of a frontier cost function. The findings on efficiency are discussed in the Swiss political and regulatory context. More specifically, a regression on the influence of ownership and subsidy structure on the efficiency is performed. The findings are that most of the Swiss private railway companies operate at an inappropriately low scale and density. While the companies are rather homogenous in terms of overall cost efficiency, evidence is found for a significant influence of regulation in terms of the subsidy structure.     

Choice of the empirical definition of zero in the translog multiproduct cost functional form

The translog cost function is valuable to researchers for empirical analysis in themodelling of indirect cost and profit functions. A flaw of the functional form is in themodelling of zero output values. This study examined the impacts of empirical definition of zero output values on price elasticities, economies of scope and scale, using the translog cost function. Estimation of a system of cost and factor share equations with regularity condition imposed was conducted. Results show that the choice of default values affects policy recommendations.     

中国证券业的范围经济研究

基于广义超越对数函数,本文考察了2006-2011年间国内76家综合型证券公司业务经营的范围经济效应。研究结果显示,国内证券公司经营过程中普遍存在范围经济效应,并且大型证券公司的范围经济效应比中小型证券公司高。为此,本文提出证券监管部门应该鼓励证券公司进行业务创新,减少对证券公司业务开展的限制;鼓励证券公司之间的兼并。证券公司应该加快金融创新的步伐,不断开发新的产品,完善内部管理机制。     

Estimating Scale and Scope Economies with Fourier Flexible Functional Form – Evidence from Taiwan's Banking Industry

In this study the scale and scope economies for Taiwan's banking sector using panel data from 22 domestic banks for the period 1981–1997 is investigated quantitatively using both a Fourier flexible functional form, first proposed by Gallant (1981, 1982), and a translog function. This study's results favour the use of the former, based on tests of regression coefficients and on estimates of various economy measures. The Fourier evidence shows that only smaller banks exhibit increasing returns to scale, while larger banks exhibit decreasing returns to scale. Conversely, the translog indicates that all the sample groups continue to enjoy economies of scale. Banks in Taiwan exhibit scope diseconomies, which suggest that sample banks should continue efforts to diversify their financial products, which in turn could substantially reduce their average costs.     

Heterogeneous Risk Preferences and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles

I study the welfare cost of business cycles in a complete-markets economy where some people are more risk averse than others. Relatively more risk-averse people buy insurance against aggregate risk, and relatively less risk-averse people sell insurance. These trades reduce the welfare cost of business cycles for everyone. Indeed, the least risk-averse people benefit from business cycles. Moreover, even infinitely risk-averse people suffer only finite and, in my empirical estimates, very small welfare losses. In other words, when there are complete insurance markets, aggregate fluctuations in consumption are essentially irrelevant not just for the average person - the surprising finding of Lucas (1987) - but for everyone in the economy, no matter how risk averse they are. If business cycles matter, it is because they affect productivity or interact with uninsured idiosyncratic risk, not because aggregate risk per se reduces welfare.