教师课堂教学提问艺术浅论

基于对蚌埠市部分小学语文教学过程的考察,认为良好的课堂提问对激发学生的学习兴趣、培养学生良好的思维能力和学习能力非常重要。教师在课堂教学中提出的问题要突出重点、难易适度,所提问题要有趣味性、层次感和启发性。在提问技巧上要把握提问时机,找准提问对象,注重提问时的语言表达方式。对学生的回答要客观评价,充分发挥课堂提问的效能。     

教师课堂教学提问艺术浅论——基于对蚌埠市部分小学语文教学过程的考察

基于对蚌埠市部分小学语文教学过程的考察,认为良好的课堂提问对激发学生的学习兴趣、培养学生良好的思维能力和学习能力非常重要.教师在课堂教学中提出的问题要突出重点、难易适度,所提问题要有趣味性、层次感和启发性.在提问技巧上要把握提问时机,找准提问对象,注重提问时的语言表达方式.对学生的回答要客观评价,充分发挥课堂提问的效能.     

千淘万漉虽辛苦，吹尽狂沙始到金——浅谈优化课堂教学，提高课堂效率

课堂教学是应用语言指导、掌握学习方法、培养学习能力和学生接受教育的主要途径。课堂教学作为教师进行知识传授和学生学习知识的重要途径，是学校进行有效教育教学的主阵地。本文从优化课堂教学方面，对实现初中语文提高课堂效率进行了初步论述。     

优化课堂教学提高初中英语讲评课的实效性 ——初中英语教学有效性的研究和实践

新课程向我们提出了全新的教学观和学生观,它倡导课堂教学应是学生主动参与、乐于探究的过程,目的是培养学生善于发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力.讲评课作为英语教学一种传统的课型,在新课程条件下,如何优化课堂教学,真正落实课程目标,合理检测教学效果,以及培养学生学习能力等,都是广大英语教师面临着又急需解决的课题.     

谈谈对英语高效课堂的理解

课堂教学是教师工作和学生学习的主要阵地。高效课堂就是单位时间内获取最大教学效益的教学活动。实施高效课堂的目的。其实归纳起来就是两个减轻和两个提高：减轻教师的教学负担，减轻学生的学业负担；提高教师的教学效果，提高学生的学习效率。所以从一节课的教学过程看，可以从教师方面、学生方面分析和实施高效教学。     

如何实现高效率课堂教学——以厦门海洋职业技术学院机电类课程课堂教学为例

课堂是教学的主阵地,只有高效率课堂教学,才会培养高质量的人才。文章通过分析目前学生状况和师资水平,提出要想实现高效率课堂教学,教师必须精心备课,认真组织教学,不断提高自身素质,采用灵活多样的教学方法,利用多媒体教学手段和实验设备,激发学生学习潜能和兴趣,才能实现高效的课堂教学。     

在线视角下的PBL教学法在营销类教学中的应用

一、引言 现代教育技术应用于教学是现代科学技术和社会发展对教育的要求,是教育改革的需要。目前对营销类理论课程的课堂教学,高校大多采取“教师为中心”的传统教学模式学,教学过程中课堂时间有限,不能安排较多的营销案例;学生学习该课程需要补充更广泛的知识,课堂内无法实现;有些学生求知欲旺盛,学习主动性强。目前的课堂教学不能满足他们了解并掌握更多营销知识的愿望。     

浅谈小学数学课堂教学的有效性

数学课堂教学的有效性是指通过数学课堂教学活动,使学生在数学上有提高、 有进步、 有收获.教师要善于诱发学生的学习兴趣,要充分利用数学课堂,把它创设成充满活力、 魅力无穷的空间,从而激发学生的思维,让他们积极地感受数学美,去追求数学美.有效的课堂教学是通过课堂教学活动,让学生在认知和情感上均有所发展.     

浅谈思想品德课中的“快乐”教学

孩子的天性都是好玩、爱动的，快乐的感受是更好地学习的情感基础。在课堂一上，当学生喜欢某种活动时，他们便会全情投入，就能获得最好的学习效果。因此，在课堂教学中，就必须为孩子创设快乐的学习环境，激发浓厚的学习兴趣，以兴趣促进学生乐学政治，达到学习的自动化，从而提高课堂教学效率。这就是所谓的课堂“快乐”教学法。翻一翻有关教学研讨的资料，你会发现“快乐”教学已经成为当代教育界正深入探讨的最热门课题。     

在线视角下的PBL教学法在营销类教学中的应用

一、引言 现代教育技术应用于教学是现代科学技术和社会发展对教育的要求,是教育改革的需要.目前对营销类理论课程的课堂教学,高校大多采取"教师为中心"的传统教学模式学,教学过程中课堂时间有限,不能安排较多的营销案例;学生学习该课程需要补充更广泛的知识,课堂内无法实现:有些学生求知欲旺盛,学习土动性强.目前的课堂教学不能满足他们了解并掌握更多营销知识的愿望.学生的学习主动性、积极性并没有充分的调动起来,有必要对营销类教学的课堂结构调整,提高学生的创新精神和实践能力.在线视角下的PBL教学方法,改变教师角色,整合信息技术与学科课程,实现能支持自主探索、多重交互、情境创设、合作学习、资源共享等多方面要求.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.