中小投资者法律保护与公司权益资本成本

本文以1993年至2001年之间我国证券市场进行股权再融资的上市公司为样本,采用时间序列分析方法深入考察我国证券市场不同历史阶段里中小投资者法律保护与公司权益资本成本关系的变化。研究结果表明,在我国证券市场发展的历史实践中,随着中小投资者法律保护措施的加强,上市公司的权益资本成本出现一个逐步递减的过程现象;在控制公司特征和宏观经济变量的情况下,中小投资者法律保护程度与上市公司的权益资本成本呈显著的负相关关系。     

关于IPOs初始高收益率问题的最新理论观点述评

IPOs的上市初始收益率过高,是一个世界性的异常现象,其理论解释基本经历了一个从效率市场和完全理性假设下的信息不对称模型到逐渐承认行为金融分析和非理性解释的过程,这也为我们研究我国的IPOs问题提供了更广阔的视角和更深刻的思路。     

信任、外部冲击与投资者保护效应的非对称性:中国的经验证据

本文关注了投资者保护效应在正常市场条件下和危机当中表现出来的非对称性特征,从信任的视角出发,基于投资者的决策模式,把投资者保护水平的相对稳定和投资者对于保护水平反应的变动性纳入一个统一的分析框架,更好地解释了投资者保护效应非对称性产生的原因,丰富了对于投资者保护重要性以及投资者保护如何发挥作用的机制的认识.在理论分析的基础上,本文检验了次贷危机前后,中国股票市场在公司层面上的投资者保护质量对于股票累积收益率影响的差异,发现投资者保护效应在危机前后存在非对称性,不同的治理变量在保护效应的非对称性上也存在差异,这也暗示了上市公司改进投资者保护水平和提升投资者对于我国股票市场信任和信心的方向.     

投资者保护、政府干预与资本配置效率

笔者借鉴资本配置效率估算模型,从行业和地区两个层面分析中小投资者法律保护、政府干预与资本配置效率的关系。研究发现:中小投资者的法律保护有助于资本配置效率的改善,但政府干预会弱化这种改善的效果。本研究的政策含义在于进一步完善投资者法律保护体系,减少政府对市场的干预,通过改善外部制度环境来提高资本的配置效率。     

我国中小投资者法律保护影响股权集中度的变化吗?

本文收集了1992年5月以来国家颁布的关于中小投资者利益保护的法律法规,以1990—2003年深沪两市的A股股票为样本,分别检验首次发行股票的公司上市时(IPO时)股权集中度和上市后股权集中度与中小投资者法律保护的立法和执法之间的关系。实证结果发现,在我国股权集中度的下降不完全是中小投资者法律保护的结果,IPO发行制度的演变、与股权集中度相关的中小投资者法律保护的立法相对较少、政府对国有股权转让的严格管理、非国有控股公司在保持实际控制权的条件下减少控股比例以获取自身利益,也可能导致股权集中度的下降。     

政治关联影响投资者法律保护的执法效率吗?

如何提高投资者法律保护的执法效率是近年来财务学研究的热点问题,也是资本市场能否健康有序发展的一个关键因素。本文以2000—2010年沪深两市因违规受到处罚的A股上市公司为样本,从处罚公告前监管部门的查处及时性、处罚公告前后高管被迫离职、处罚公告时的市场反应三个维度,深入考察政治关联是否影响中小投资者法律保护的执法有效性。研究发现:(1)监管部门对政治关联公司的违规查处存在时滞效应,其惩处周期显著长于无政治关联公司;(2)在处罚公告前一年和后一年,政治关联公司高管的被迫离职率均显著低于无政治关联公司;(3)违规处罚公告时,政治关联公司的负向市场反应大于非政治关联公司,且这种现象主要表现在国有样本里。这说明,政治关联会削弱中小投资者法律保护的执法效率,且"违规查处及时性"和"高管变更"是两种重要的影响路径。     

证券投资者保护基金有限责任公司法律风险之刍议

作为证券市场的一项基础性制度，证券投资者保护基金制度将有助于保护中小投资者的利益和推进证券市场风险防范与处置之长效机制的建立。在我国资本市场改革进入攻坚阶段，中国证券投资者保护基金有限责任公司获准设立，标志着我国证券投资者保护基金制度的正式启动。但在现实运作中证券投资者保护基金有限责任公司也不断遭遇到源于制度设计缺陷的法律风险，而要化解这些风险就必须进一步完善相关的法律制度。     

我国中小投资者法律保护影响股权集中度的变化吗？

本文收集了1992年5月以来国家颁布的关于中小投资者利益保护的法律法规，以1990--2003年深沪两市的A股股票为样本，分别检验首次发行股票的公司上市时（IPO时）股权集中度和上市后股权集中度与中小投资者法律保护的立法和执法之间的关系。实证结果发现，在我国股权集中度的下降不完全是中小投资者法律保护的结果，IPO发行制度的演变、与股权集中度相关的中小投资者法律保护的立法相对较少、政府对国有股权转让的严格管理、非国有控股公司在保持实际控制权的条件下减少控股比例以获取自身利益，也可能导致股权集中度的下降。     

市场势力测度与影响因素分析-基于我国化学药品制造业研究

如何提高投资者法律保护的执法效率是近年来财务学研究的热点问题,也是资本市场能否健康有序发展的一个关键因素.本文以2000--2010年沪深两市因违规受到处罚的A股上市公司为样本,从处罚公告前监管部门的查处及时性、处罚公告前后高管被迫离职、处罚公告时的市场反应三个维度,深入考察政治关联是否影响中小投资者法律保护的执法有效性.研究发现:(1)监管部门对政治关联公司的违规查处存在时滞效应,其惩处周期显著长于无政治关联公司;(2)在处罚公告前一年和后一年,政治关联公司高管的被迫离职率均显著低于无政治关联公司;(3)违规处罚公告时,政治关联公司的负向市场反应大于非政治关联公司,且这种现象主要表现在国有样本里.这说明,政治关联会削弱中小投资者法律保护的执法效率,且"违规查处及时性"和"高管变更"是两种重要的影响路径.     

从股利政策角度谈投资者利益保护

在我国资本市场上,大股东侵害中小投资者利益的行为时有发生,极大的阻碍了资本市场的发展。近年来,一些上市公司大股东利用股利政策来"掏空"中小投资者,使得股利政策和投资者利益保护成为了理论界与实务界的关注焦点。本文将从股利政策的角度,对"掏空"理论、投资者保护影响的表现及原因、效果评价指标及措施三方面阐述投资者利益保护问题。     

行业收益、国际航运业IPO与船舶融资选择——基于1984～2007年数据分析

在阐述行业收益差异基础上分析影响航运股权融资因素,针对航运企业IPO的不同表现特征选取了1984～2007年间,在主板证券交易所首次发行股票的143家全球航运企业,通过计算超常持有期收益率(BHAR)和累计超常收益率(CAR),分析其短期与长期价格表现。认为航运企业首次公开发行抑价与公司年龄、上市所在交易所的声誉和发行期间市场行情正相关,与承销商声誉负相关;从长期来看,航运企业首次公开发行五个月后表现欠佳。希望通过研究某些体制因素如何影响航运企业IPO抑价,以期对船舶融资选择提供相关建议。     

What causes the IPO underpricing? New evidence from China’s SME market

ABSTRACT

We study 10-year IPO initial returns in China’s small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) board between 2006 and 2016, including 755 IPO samples. At the same time, we test how policy changes of IPO pricing and trading mechanism affect first-day initial returns. Our article adopts the stochastic frontier approach to estimate the fair value of IPOs and decompose the components of deliberate underpricing and mis-valuation factors, then using linear regressions investigate correlation between first-day initial returns and deliberate underpricing or mis-valuation factors. We find it is mis-valuation factors, especially, the irrational behaviour of individual investors that mainly cause the IPO underpricing in China’s SME market rather than deliberate underpricing. Besides, influenced by IPO pricing policies, the characteristic of IPO pricing varies from period to period.     

Evidence on the effect of ‘Claw-Back’ provisions on IPO share allocation and underpricing in Hong Kong

The article examines share allocation practices of over 300 initial public offerings (IPOs) in Hong Kong during the years immediately following the enacting of a ‘Claw-Back’ provision for IPO share reallocation. The examination of exhaustive micro-level data reveals that small (uninformed, retail) investors earn higher initial returns than large investors. Before the enacting of the ‘Claw-Back’ provision, small investors were unfavourably treated in relation to large investors. The pattern now prevailing in the proportion of shares allocated to small and large investors also differs from that observed previously. When attempting to isolate the determinants of IPO underpricing in Hong Kong, the article also shows that both the ‘informed demand’ hypothesis and the signalling effect of underwriters’ reputation are significant determinants of underpricing. Such result, not visible when pooled OLS regressions are used, becomes apparent through the use of a system of simultaneous equations.     

Does the market care about investor protection practices in China?

This study develops a scorecard with which to measure the investor protection practices of major listed firms in China during 2007–2010. We use time-series data to examine the relationship between the change in firm investor protection practices and market performance. Our results show that firms exhibiting improvements in investor protection practices manifest a subsequent increase in buy-and-hold abnormal returns. The results further indicate that the changes in the sub-index have different effects on a firm’s future performance. Shareholder rights to be rewarded seem to have the most significant and positive effect on a firm’s future performance for both local and international investors. Moreover, international investors pay attention to their rights to information. Our results provide evidence in support of the notion that the market does care about firm’s investor protection practices. The findings are robust to other measures of firm performance.     

THE PERFORMANCE AND LONG-RUN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINESE IPO MARKET

Abstract.  We study the short-run and long-run performance of 340 and 409 IPOs, respectively, listed on China's two exchanges from 1996 to 1997. We find that the average underpricing is 127.3%, and that the average market-adjusted cumulative return and buy-and-hold return over the three years after listing are 10.3% and 10.7%, respectively, which are both significantly positive at the 5% level. We then use a cross-sectional analysis to explain the long-run out-performance of Chinese IPOs, and find that firms with lower government ownership, smaller offering sizes, high-tech features and lower initial returns perform better in the long-run.     

Estimating the market value of Steve Jobs using an event study

Using an event study approach, we seek to estimate the value investors placed on Steve Jobs by investigating the stock market reactions to his death. In the three-day window surrounding his death, the estimated cumulative abnormal returns are ?5.76%. Given the market capitalization of Apple at the time, it can be inferred that investors valued Steve Jobs at 20 billion dollars. While tragic, the news about Jobs’ death is greeted favourably by Apple’s competitors. The competitors appear to be convinced that, without Steve Jobs, they can compete with Apple better.     

Ethnic patterns of returns to education in Bulgaria

It is widely accepted that disparities in education contribute to the poor labour market outcomes experienced by ethnic minority groups and consequently to their poverty. In this article, I analyse differential educational benefits in Bulgaria and compare returns to education for the Roma minority with the majority population and the Turkish minority. I show that both ethnic minority groups have lower education levels and employment rates than the majority population and that they also have lower returns to education. This result could be related to minorities' lower education quality as well as to discrimination in the labour market. Integration policies should thus aim to improve employability and labour market competence of vulnerable groups starting from school.     

What Explains the High Returns to the IPOs of China's A‐Shares?

Abstract

This paper investigates the initial returns of Chinese A‐share initial public offerings (IPOs) under the split‐share structure before 2005. The split‐share structure refers to the coexistence of shareholders of tradable shares and shareholders of non‐tradable shares. The average initial return is much higher than those of other countries, even though this has been declining. We argue that the split‐share structure causes the initial returns of Chinese IPOs to be very high level in the beginning, and then to decrease slowly because of the institutional transition and the path‐dependent characteristics. With the reform of non‐tradable share offerings, the average initial return of Chinese IPOs is likely to fall.     

Financial characteristics of Australian initial public offerings from 1994 to 1999

A variety of financial characteristics of Australian initial public offerings (IPOs) for the period 1994–1999 are explored. A number of previous Australian studies have investigated the initial day underpricing and longer term underperformance of IPOs and this study updates those papers. This paper partitions the IPO data into no liability/limited liability; share option/no share option; underwriter option/no underwriter option and dividend reinvestment/no dividend reinvestment characteristics to better understand the types of IPOs that list on the Australian Stock Exchange. The data supports the findings of previous studies in that IPOs are underpriced at the time of listing and underperform the market in the first year following their listing.