试论EFE矩阵在物业管理企业外部环境分析中的应用

本文主要探讨了物业管理企业在未来的发展中可能面临的外部环境状况,对其中关键的外部因素进行分析,运用外部因素评价矩阵(EFE)建立模型分析相关物业公司的外部环境.     

关于随机环境中分枝链的一个性质探析

本文给出了随机转移矩阵和随机环境中的分枝链的定义，给出了随机环境中的分枝链的转移矩阵的一个简单性质；定义了随机环境中的分枝链的生成函数，并给出了生成函数的一个性质和证明过程。     

基于灰色局势决策模型的海水养殖空间布局优化决策

通过综合考察收入、成本、环境依赖度、生态损害四个决策因子,建立综合测度矩阵,构建海水养殖空间布局优化的灰色局势决策模型。选取相关数据对山东省、广东省、浙江省、辽宁省的海水养殖空间布局进行矩阵测度,实现我国海水养殖空间布局的优化决策。得出优化决策方案如下：广东省养殖海参、海带占优,海水养殖的优化次序为海参、贝类、海带、鱼类;辽宁省养殖贝类、海参占优,海水养殖的优化次序为海参、贝类、鱼类、海带;浙江省养殖海参占优,海水养殖的优化次序为鱼类、海参、贝类、海带;山东省养殖鱼类、海参占优,海水养殖的优化次序为海参、鱼类、贝类、海带。     

基于IE+IT的企业资源整合策略理论研究

文章从工业工程(IE)和信息技术(IT)应用的视角出发,运用现代企业管理理论和方法剖析了企业资源累积与优化整合对企业生存、发展的重要意义。并在此基础上论述了企业资源优化整合的IE+IT技术路径。提出以工业工程(IE)技术应用为基础的管理信息系统已成为企业整合资源的有效手段,而且也是企业成功应用信息技术(IT),实现信息化的基础管理。文章的主要创新点是应用现代管理理论阐释了信息时代企业资源优化整合的内在规律。     

谈ERP(企业资源计划)及其未来发展趋势

文章阐释了ERP(企业资源计划)的概念,分析了MRP(物料需求计划)、MRP-Ⅱ(制造资源计划)和ERP(企业资源计划)之间的内在联系和区别,并就ERP(企业资源计划)未来发展趋势谈了自己的看法.     

基于QFD、TRIZ和DOE的产品设计方法研究

产品设计的创新是提高产品竞争力的核心,只有在设计中运用新思想、新理论、新方法,方能不断提高产品的设计质量,从而构筑竞争优势。质量机能展开(QFD)采用多层次的演绎分析,将顾客的心声转化为产品开发设计过程的一系列工程特性。发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)提供了解决技术矛盾和冲突的有力工具。实验设计(DOE)则可以优化工程参数,获得最优参数搭配组合。本文通过对三种理论各自特点的分析,提出了将三者综合应用于产品设计的思路,并探讨了其优势和效果。     

项目管理的新方法:从设计结构矩阵到领域配置矩阵

一个项目至少包括5个领域：产品（或服务）域、流程域、组织域、工具域和目标域,这5个领域都是由相互联系的要素或活动组成的。作为新兴的项目管理工具,领域配置矩阵（Domain Mapping Matrix,DMM）发展了传统的设计结构矩阵（Design Structure Matrix,DSM）分析方法,将项目管理的不同域联系起来,用以分析复杂活动的联系。本文通过比较DMM与DSM,凸显了DMM的优点,即DMM分析可以应用于复杂的、动态的项目,可以进行跨领域要素或活动的追溯,能够给管理人员提供了一个跨领域学习和交流的平台,提高项目管理决策的正确性。     

融资结构视角的上市公司治理

融资结构与公司治理之间存在天然的联系,不同的融资结构决定了不同的公司治理模式及其效率.我国上市公司治理结构的低效率很大程度上是由于股权结构、资本结构、债务结构的不合理造成的,优化融资结构是完善公司治理的关键.     

基于AHP与马尔科夫链的股票行情一类分析及预测

本文以股票投资者为指导对象,将投资者的整个投资过程划分为两部分:根据层次分析法利用不同指标对股票选择的影响建立递阶层次模型,选取上海证交所历史数据验证模型的有效性;同时将马尔科夫链理论应用于股票市场,构建马氏链预测模型,并预测中国石化未来几个交易日价格所处区间。     

生产作业计划的单纯形矩阵优化算法研究

利用单纯形矩阵进行生产作业计划的优化,可使运算过程更为简易和高效。单纯形矩阵优化算法的关键是在建模后,编制出初始单纯形矩阵。对单纯形矩阵的换基迭代,变成了简单的矩阵初等变换运算,提高了运算速度和效率。算例的计算过程表明,单纯形矩阵优化算法是生产作业计划的一种很好的简易算法。     

Building Technological Capabilities In A Liberalising Developing Economy: Firm Strategies And Public Policy

As a consequence of economic reforms, the Indian manufacturing sector faces a variety of technology related challenges. It not only has to quickly develop world-class manufacturing capabilities, but also gear up to develop new products and processes. In this paper we analyse the technology strategies of six Indian firms in different product groups which are trying to build competitive manufacturing and technology capabilities. The linkages between corporate, technology, and manufacturing strategies are explored and the role of complementary assets is studied in order to identify patterns through which these firms are building capabilities of various kinds. Specifically, we evaluate the extent to which firms use supply chains to develop product and process technologies. Some links between public policy and firm level technological capabilities are also explored to identify a few key priorities in the current context     

On microfoundations of the city

This paper considers the spatial structure of a city subject to final demand and vertical linkages. Individuals consume differentiated goods (or services) and firms purchase differentiated inputs (or services) in product (or service) markets where firms compete under monopolistic competition. Workers rent their residential lots in an urban land market and contribute to the production of differentiated goods and inputs. We show that firms and workers co-agglomerate and endogenously form a city. We characterize and discuss the spatial distribution of firms and consumers in such cities on one- and two-dimensional spaces. We show that final demand and vertical linkages raise the urban density and reduce the city spread.     

面向智能网联汽车的汽车产业升级研究

智能网联汽车代表着未来汽车产品形态和技术制高点，发展智能网联汽车将为中国汽车产业转型升级提供战略机遇。基于价值链视角，结合行业最新实践案例，分析了面向智能网联汽车的产业升级将给汽车产业价值链不同环节带来的深刻影响和改变，从理论层面界定了智能网联汽车产业价值链的本质特点，系统梳理了中国发展智能网联汽车产业的优势和不足，在此基础上，从流程升级、产品升级、功能升级等不同维度为各类型中国汽车企业升级提出了建议。     

Local monopsony and free riders

In an industry with upstream economies of scale in the distribution of differentiated products to retailers which have monopoly power within separate local market areas, the retailers have an incentive to exert monopsony power due to the divergence between average and marginal costs in the distribution of those inputs. The retailers increase their ability to exert monopsony power by forming coalitions (that is, chains) across local markets. Sufficiently large retail chains may force input price below the seller's average cost, thus ‘free riding’ on the level of product variety supported by other retailers. Vertical integration, cartels, or other cooperative behavior, however, can be means to control the level of product variety, and may increase both industry profits and economic welfare. Policy applications to the cable television, motion picture, and pharmaceutical industries are discussed.     

The need for combining IEA and IE tools: The potential effects of a global ban on PVC on climate change

Over the last decades the concepts of Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA) and Industrial Ecology (IE), both claiming to provide analyses and solutions for sustainability issues, have been developed separately as they emerged in response to questions from different policy-fields. In both fields, specific tools are used to support national and international environmental policy. The focus of IEA and IE tools, however, is different. IEA tools focus on one or a limited number of specific environmental issues. They often model the chain environmental processes with high spatial (and temporal) resolution, but have a low resolution for the material structure of the economy and only partly take into account indirect effects that occur via physical and socio-economic linkages. IE tools take into account all environmental issues related to a specific substance or product. They have a high resolution for the material structure of the economy and take into account indirect effects that occur via physical linkages, however, their environmental modelling is very limited. Both IE and IEA tools have proven to be very useful and neither is superior to the other. However, a combination of both can provide additional information that can be used for more effective policy making. We use the case of a hypothetical world-wide ban on PVC to show that a measure that is not directly related to climate change could still have significant climate effects. This indirect effect is a result of the linkages of material flows in society. We show that IEA tools are not well suited to include these types of effects and that IE tools can fill this gap partially. What is really needed is a broader systems perspective that takes into account the full range of possible side-effects of environmental policy measures.     

Policy Bias and Agriculture: Partial and General Equilibrium Measures

The paper examines the impact of industrial protection, agricultural export taxes, and overvaluation of the exchange rate on the balance between the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors. Various agricultural terms-of-trade indices are constructed to measure the policy bias against agriculture in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework and compare the results with earlier partial equilibrium measures. Our results indicate that the partial equilibrium measures miss much of the action operating through indirect product and factor market linkages, while overstating the strength of the linkages between changes in the exchange rate and prices of traded goods on the agricultural terms of trade.     

Global trade flows and economic policy uncertainty

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on global trade flows in gauging international trade developments. We employ a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) trade model, augmented with value-added bilateral trade linkages, that allows for quantifying the effects of economy-specific uncertainty shocks on exports and imports of individual economies. We find substantial spatial propagation in the temporal dynamics of international transmission of shocks amidst the manifestations of cross-border global value chains (GVCs) with China’s accession into the WTO. We provide evidence for the significance of EPU of China and the United States, particularly the latter, in influencing global trade flows. Our results show that while the US impacts can largely be attributed to its indirect trade linkages with other economies, the impacts of China can be relegated more to its direct GVC linkages. The findings have implications on trade protectionist inclinations of the current-term US government and the ongoing efforts of China’s policymakers in steering macroeconomic rebalancing for sustainable growth.     

Sraffa: the theoretical world of the ‘old classical economists’ *

Sraffa's mature work is seen here as a re-discovery and resumption of the ‘submerged and forgotten’ approach of the ‘old classical economists from Adam Smith to Ricardo’. Wages determined by broad economic and social forces entail there product prices determined independently of demand and supply functions. Some main questions raised for the modern economists by this radical reorientation of economic theory are then considered in order to conclude that it is aginst that background that Sraffa's mature work should be set with its three main contributions, of a rediscovery of the approach, of a complete and transparent solution of the problems of price determination it raises, and of its application to the critique of neoclassical theory. Among several developments originating from Sraffa's seminal work, two are singled out for mention: (i) the possibility of deficiencies of aggregate demand in the long period no less than in the short one; this follows naturally from the abandonment of the neoclassical theory of distribution, of which the role of the interset rate in equilibrating savings and investment is a corollary; (ii) the question of the distribution of the surplus between wages and profits in a modern economy where wages are no longer confined to subsistence.     

技术集成下模块化产品创新实现路径研究

为探究本土企业如何实现模块化产品创新并借以突破“低端锁定”，以190家本土企业数据为样本，运用多元回归方法，分析技术集成能力对模块化产品创新的影响以及利用式学习、探索式学习、模块可降解性的调节效应。实证结果表明，技术集成能力对不同层次模块化产品创新即模块创新和架构创新都有显著直接影响；探索式学习在技术集成能力对两类模块化产品创新的影响路径中均存在显著正向调节作用；利用式学习在技术集成能力对模块创新的影响路径中存在显著正向调节作用，但是对架构创新的影响有限；模块可降解性在企业技术集成能力与两类产品创新中均存在显著正向调节作用。     

The Dilemmas of Technology: A Review Article

During the 1990s, all of the European transition economies (TE) experienced a major recession and suffered from the explosion of income inequality. However, distribution of income between labor and capital differed greatly from one group of post-communist countries to another. The paper discusses and analyzes linkages between models of capitalism that emerged in former communist countries in the 1990s and the outcome of capitalist transition for labor in terms of income distribution and inequality. It is based on the estimates of the Marxian rate of exploitation and other indicators of labor income performance during the reform period.